Atribacterota is a

phylum In biology, a phylum (; : phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below Kingdom (biology), kingdom and above Class (biology), class. Traditionally, in botany the term division (taxonomy), division has been used instead ...

bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micr ...

, which are common in

anoxic Anoxia means a total depletion in the level of oxygen, an extreme form of hypoxia or "low oxygen". The terms anoxia and hypoxia are used in various contexts: * Anoxic waters, sea water, fresh water or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved ox ...

sediments Sediment is a solid material that is transported to a new location where it is deposited. It occurs naturally and, through the processes of weathering and erosion, is broken down and subsequently sediment transport, transported by the action of ...

rich in

methane Methane ( , ) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms). It is a group-14 hydride, the simplest alkane, and the main constituent of natural gas. The abundance of methane on Earth makes ...

. They are distributed worldwide and in some cases abundant in

anaerobic Anaerobic means "living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen", as opposed to aerobic which means "living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen." Anaerobic may also refer to: *Adhesive#Anaerobic, Anaerobic ad ...

marine sediments,

geothermal springs A hot spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth. The groundwater is heated either by shallow bodies of magma (molten rock) or by cir ...

, and oil deposits. Genetic analyzes suggest a

heterotrophic A heterotroph (; ) is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter. In the food chain, heterotrophs are primary, secondary and tertiary consumers, but ...

metabolism Metabolism (, from ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the co ...

that gives rise to

fermentation Fermentation is a type of anaerobic metabolism which harnesses the redox potential of the reactants to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organic end products. Organic molecules, such as glucose or other sugars, are catabolized and reduce ...

products such as

acetate An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. alkaline, earthy, metallic, nonmetallic, or radical base). "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called ...

ethanol Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol, with its formula also written as , or EtOH, where Et is the ps ...

, and . These products in turn can support methanogens within the sediment microbial community and explain the frequent occurrence of Atribacterota in methane-rich anoxic sediments. According to phylogenetic analysis, Atribacterota appears to be related to several thermophilic phyla within

Pseudomonadati Pseudomonadati is a kingdom containing approximately one-third of prokaryote species, mostly gram-negative bacteria and their relatives. It is the closest relative of an even larger kingdom of Bacteria, the Bacillati, which are mostly gram-posi ...

. According to research, Atribacterota shows patterns of gene expressions which consists of fermentative, acetogenic metabolism. These expressions let Atribacterota to be able to create

catabolic Catabolism () is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions. Catabolism breaks down large molecules (such as polysaccharides, lipi ...

and

anabolic Anabolism () is the set of metabolic pathways that construct macromolecules like DNA or RNA from smaller units. These reactions require energy, known also as an endergonic process. Anabolism is the building-up aspect of metabolism, whereas catab ...

functions which are necessary to generate cellular reproduction, even when the energy levels are limited due to the depletion of dissolved oxygen in the areas of sea waters, fresh waters, or ground waters.

Classification

Phylogeny

Taxonomy

National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is lo ...

(NCBI) taxonomy and

List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclatu ...

(LPSN) were used as the primary taxonomic authority for establishing naming priorities. Also Annotree website, which uses the GTDB release 06-RS202. was consulted. * "Class Phoenicimicrobiia" Jiao et al. 2024 S1** Order "Phoenicimicrobiales" Jiao et al. 2024

B-45 B45 or B-45 may refer to: *Bundesstraße 45, a German road *B45 (New York City bus), in Brooklyn, USA *HLA-B45, a HLA-B serotype *North American B-45 Tornado The North American B-45 Tornado is an early American jet bomber designed and manufact ...

*** Family "Stramentimicrobiaceae" Jiao et al. 2024 **** Genus ?"''Candidatus'' Oleihabitans" Jiao et al. 2024

3-B20 3B or 3-B may refer to: * Third baseman * Triple (baseball) * 3B Computers, a range of computers produced by AT&T during the 1980s * 3B Junior, a department of the Japanese entertainment company Stardust Promotion * 3B Lab, a Japanese popular music ...

**** Genus "''Candidatus'' Oleincola" Jiao et al. 2024 55B131**** Genus "''Candidatus'' Stramentimicrobium" Jiao et al. 2024 AAYOB01*** Family "Phoenicimicrobiaceae" Jiao et al. 2024 4-128**** Genus "''Candidatus'' Immundihabitans" Jiao et al. 2024 BA5772**** Genus "''Candidatus'' Infernicultor" Jiao et al. 2024

G2-30-33-13 G, or g, is the seventh letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''gee'' (pronounced ), plural ''gees''. The lowerc ...

**** Genus ?"''Candidatus'' Phoenicimicrobium" Jiao et al. 2024 **** Genus "''Candidatus'' Sediminicultor" Jiao et al. 2024 BA9311* Class Atribacteria Katayama et al. 2021 ** Order Atribacterales Katayama et al. 2021 *** Family Atrimonadaceae Kawamoto et al. 2024 **** Genus ?'' Atrimonas'' Kawamoto et al. 2024 *** Family Thermatribacteraceae Jiao et al. 2024 **** Genus ?'' Thermatribacter'' Jiao et al. 2024 *** Family Atribacteraceae Katayama et al. 2021 (OP9) **** Genus '' Atribacter'' Katayama et al. 2021 **** Genus "''Candidatus'' Nitricultor" Jiao et al. 2024 KXZ01*** Family "Caldatribacteriaceae" **** Genus "''Candidatus'' Caldatribacterium" Dodsworth et al. 2013 **** Genus "''Candidatus'' Profundicultor" Jiao et al. 2024 ABUEZ01**** Genus "''Candidatus'' Sordicultor" Jiao et al. 2024 BA3950

References

Bacteria phyla Bacteria by classification {{Bacteria-stub

Classification

Phylogeny

Taxonomy

See also

References