Atractus

''Atractus'' is a genus of colubrid ground snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae. The genus includes more than 140 distinct species.

Geographic range

Snakes of the genus ''Atractus'' are endemic to Central and South America.

Description

In the genus ''Atractus'' the maxilla is short, with 8–12 teeth; the maxillary and mandibular teeth decrease in size posteriorly. The head is not distinct from the neck. The eye is small, with a round or subelliptic pupil. The nostril is between two nasal scales. The preocular is usually absent, and the loreal and prefrontal scales enter the orbit. The body is cylindrical. The dorsal scales are smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows. The ventral scales are rounded. The tail can be either short or rather long. The subcaudals are paired.

Reproduction

The genus ''Atractus'' is oviparous.

Species

The following species are recognized as being valid.. www.reptile-database.org.

''Nota bene'': A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Atractus''.

*'' Atractus aboiporu''
*'' Atractus acheronius''
*'' Atractus akerios''
*'' Atractus albuquerquei'' Cunha & Nascimento, 1983 – Albuquerque ground snake
*''Atractus alphonsehogei'' Cunha & Nascimento, 1983
*'' Atractus altagratiae''
*'' Atractus alytogrammus''
*'' Atractus andinus'' Prado, 1944
*''Atractus apophis''
*'' Atractus atlas'' Passos, Scanferla, Melo-Sampaio, Brito & Almendariz, 2018
*'' Atractus atratus''
*''Atractus attenuatus''
*'' Atractus avernus''
*''Atractus ayeush''
*'' Atractus badius'' ( F. Boie, 1827)
*'' Atractus biseriatus'' Prado, 1941 – two-lined ground snake
*'' Atractus bocki'' F. Werner, 1909 – Bock's ground snake
*'' Atractus bocourti'' Boulenger, 1894 – Bocourt's ground snake Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . (''Atractus bocki'', p. 28; ''A. bocourti'', p. 29; ''A. riveroi'', p. 222; ''A. roulei'', p. 227).
*''Atractus boimirim'' Passos, Prudente & J.D. Lynch, 2016
*'' Atractus boulengerii'' Peracca, 1896
*'' Atractus caete''
*''Atractus careolepis''
*''Atractus carrioni'' Parker, 1930
*''Atractus caxiuana''
*''Atractus cerberus'' – Cerberus ground snake Arteaga A, Mebert K, Valencia JH, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Peñafiel N, Reyes-Puig C, Vieira-Fernandes JL, Guayasamin JM (2017). "Molecular Phylogeny of ''Atractus'' (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa". ''Zookeys'' 661: 91-123. https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=11224
*'' Atractus charitoae''
*'' Atractus chthonius''
*''Atractus clarki'' Dunn & Bailey, 1939
*''Atractus collaris''
*'' Atractus crassicaudatus'' ( A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – thickhead ground snake
*''Atractus dapsilis'' Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Prudente & Torres-Carvajal, 2019
*''Atractus darienensis''
*'' Atractus depressiocellus''
*''Atractus duboisi''
*''Atractus duidensis'' Roze, 1961 – Venezuela ground snake
*'' Atractus dunni'' Savage, 1955
*''Atractus echidna''
*'' Atractus ecuadorensis'' Savage, 1955
*''Atractus edioi''
*'' Atractus elaps'' ( Günther, 1858)
*''Atractus emigdioi'' Gonzalez-Sponga, 1971
*''Atractus emmeli'' ( Boettger, 1888)
*'' Atractus eriki''
*''Atractus erythromelas'' Boulenger, 1903
*'' Atractus esepe'' – indistinct ground snake
*'' Atractus favae'' ( de Filippi, 1840)
*'' Atractus flammigerus'' (F. Boie, 1827)
*''Atractus franciscopaivai''
*''Atractus francoi''
*''Atractus fuliginosus'' ( Hallowell, 1845)
*'' Atractus gaigeae'' Savage, 1955
*''Atractus gigas''
*'' Atractus guentheri'' ( Wucherer, 1861)
*''Atractus heliobelluomini''
*''Atractus heyeri'' Esqueda & McDiarmid, 2015
*'' Atractus hoogmoedi''
*'' Atractus hostilitractus''
*'' Atractus imperfectus''
*'' Atractus indistinctus'' Prado, 1940
*''Atractus insipidus'' Roze, 1961
*''Atractus iridescens'' Peracca, 1896
*'' Atractus lancinii'' Roze, 1961
*'' Atractus lasallei'' Amaral, 1931
*'' Atractus latifrons'' (Günther, 1868)
*''Atractus lehmanni'' Boettger, 1898
*'' Atractus loveridgei'' Amaral, 1930
*''Atractus macondo''
*'' Atractus maculatus'' (Günther, 1858)
*''Atractus major'' Boulenger, 1894 – brown ground snake
*''Atractus manizalesensis'' Prado, 1940
*''Atractus mariselae'' Lancini, 1969
*''Atractus marthae'' Meneses-Pelayo & Passos, 2019
*''Atractus matthewi''
*''Atractus medusa''
*''Atractus melanogaster'' F. Werner, 1916
*''Atractus melas'' Boulenger, 1908
*''Atractus meridensis''
*''Atractus micheleae''
*''Atractus microrhynchus'' (Cope, 1868)
*''Atractus mijaresi'' , 2005
*''Atractus modestus'' Boulenger, 1894 – modest ground snake
*''Atractus multicinctus'' ( Jan, 1865)
*''Atractus multidentatus''
*''Atractus nasutus''
*''Atractus natans''
*'' Atractus nawa''
*''Atractus nicefori'' Amaral, 1930 – northern ground snake
*'' Atractus nigricauda'' Schmidt & Walker, 1943
*''Atractus nigriventris'' Amaral, 1933
*'' Atractus obesus'' Marx, 1960
*'' Atractus obtusirostris'' F. Werner, 1916 – bignose ground snake
*''Atractus occidentalis'' Savage, 1955
*'' Atractus occipitoalbus'' (Jan, 1862)
*'' Atractus ochrosetrus''
*'' Atractus oculotemporalis'' Amaral, 1932
*'' Atractus orcesi''
*'' Atractus pachacamac''
*'' Atractus paisa''
*'' Atractus pamplonensis'' Amaral, 1937
*'' Atractus pantostictus''
*'' Atractus paraguayensis'' F. Werner, 1924
*'' Atractus paucidens'' Despax, 1910
*'' Atractus pauciscutatus'' Schmidt & Walker, 1943 – little-scaled ground snake
*'' Atractus peruvianus'' (Jan, 1862)
*'' Atractus poeppigi'' (Jan, 1862) – basin ground snake
*'' Atractus potschi''
*'' Atractus punctiventris'' Amaral, 1933
*'' Atractus resplendens'' F. Werner, 1901
*'' Atractus reticulatus'' (Boulenger, 1885)
*''Atractus riveroi'' Roze, 1961 – Rivero's ground snake
*'' Atractus ronnie''
*'' Atractus roulei'' Despax, 1910 – Roule's ground snake
*'' Atractus sanctaemartae'' Dunn, 1946
*'' Atractus sanguineus'' Prado, 1944
*'' Atractus savagei'' Salazar-Valenzuela, Torres-Carvajal & Passos, 2014
*'' Atractus schach'' (F. Boie, 1827)
*'' Atractus serranus'' Amaral, 1930
*''Atractus snethlageae'' Cunha & Nascimento, 1983
*'' Atractus spinalis''
*'' Atractus steyermarki'' Roze, 1958
*'' Atractus stygius''
*'' Atractus surucucu''
*'' Atractus tamaensis''
*'' Atractus tamessari''
*'' Atractus taphorni''
*'' Atractus tartarus''
*'' Atractus thalesdelemai''
*'' Atractus titanicus''
*'' Atractus torquatus'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
*'' Atractus touzeti''
*'' Atractus trefauti'' Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Prudente & Torres-Carvajal, 2019
*'' Atractus trihedrurus''
*'' Atractus trilineatus'' Wagler, 1828 – three-lined ground snake
*'' Atractus trivittatus'' Amaral, 1933
*'' Atractus turikensis''
*'' Atractus typhon''
*'' Atractus ukupacha''
*'' Atractus variegatus'' Prado, 1942
*'' Atractus ventrimaculatus'' Boulenger, 1905
*'' Atractus vertebralis'' Boulenger, 1904
*'' Atractus vertebrolineatus'' Prado, 1941
*'' Atractus vittatus''
*'' Atractus wagleri'' Prado, 1945
*'' Atractus werneri'' Peracca, 1914
*'' Atractus zebrinus''
*'' Atractus zidoki'' Gasc & Rodriques, 1979

References

Further reading

* Freiberg M (1982). ''Snakes of South America''. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. . (Genus ''Atractus'', pp. 89–92).
* Passos P, Fernandes R, Bérnils RS, Moura-Leite JC de (2010). "Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest ''Atractus'' (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipdadidae)". ''Zootaxa'' 2364: 1-63.
* Wagler G(1828). "''Auszüge aus seinem'' ic''Systema Amphibiorum''". ''Isis von Oken'' 21: 740-744. (''Atractus'', new genus, pp. 741–742). (in German and Latin).

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2869632

Atractus
Snakes of South America
Snake genera
Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler