''Astralium'',

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contra ...

star snails, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of sea snails,

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...

s in the family

Turbinidae Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.Bouchet, P. (2014). Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespec ...

, the turban snails and star snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium'' Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204985 on 2012-09-09

Description

In ''Astralium'' a very rapidly enlarging

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane flo ...

starts from the multispiral nucleus, forming far the greater portion of the operculum, and usually leaving a pit at the starting point.

Distribution

This marine genus has a wide distribution ranging from the Eastern Indian Ocean to China and Japan, the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

, East India, the

Maldives The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives,, ) and historically known as the Maldive Islands, is a country and archipelagic state in South Asia in the Indian Ocean. The Maldives is southwest of Sri Lanka and India, about from the A ...

and Australia (

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Au ...

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to ...

Species

According to the

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific speciali ...

(WoRMS), the following species are included within the genus ''Astralium'' : * ''

Astralium asteriscum ''Astralium asteriscum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium asteriscum'' (Reeve, 1843). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...

'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''

Astralium calcar ''Astralium calcar'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The height of the shell is 28 mm, its diameter 40 mm. The conoid shell is more or less depressed ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''

Astralium confragosum ''Astralium confragosum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium confragosum'' (Gould, 1851). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at h ...

'' (Gould, 1851) * ''

Astralium danieli ''Astralium danieli'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description Distribution This marine species occurs off Bali, Indonesia. References * Alf & Kreipl. 2006. Spixiana ...

'' (Alf & Kreipl, 2006) * ''

Astralium dekkeri ''Astralium dekkeri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class compr ...

'' (Thach, 2018) * ''

Astralium haematragum ''Astralium haematragum'', common name the Pacific star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 25 mm. Th ...

'' (Menke, 1829) * ''

Astralium heimburgi ''Astralium heimburgi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium heimburgi''. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinesp ...

'' (Dunker, 1882) * ''

Astralium lapillus ''Astralium lapillus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium lapillus''. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespec ...

'' Reeve, 1863 * ''

Astralium latispina ''Astralium latispina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Astralium latispina'' (Philippi, 1844). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''

Astralium milloni ''Astralium milloni'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium milloni'' (B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973). Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

'' (B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973) * ''

Astralium nakamineae ''Astralium nakamineae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium nakamineae''. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species The World Register o ...

'' (Habe & Okutani, 1981) * ''

Astralium okamotoi ''Astralium okamotoi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium okamotoi'' Kuroda & Habe, 1961. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...

'' Kuroda & Habe, 1961 * ''

Astralium pileolum ''Astralium pileolum'', common name the cap trochis shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 28 mm and 65 mm. The sh ...

'' (Reeve, 1842) * ''

Astralium provisorium ''Astralium provisorium'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The length of the shell varies between . The imperforate shell has a conoidal shape with a flat base and ...

'' Schepman, 1908 * ''

Astralium rhodostomum ''Astralium rhodostomum'', common name the rosemouth star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The length of the shell varies between 16 mm and 55 m ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''

Astralium rotularium ''Astralium rotularium'', common name the rotary star shell or the knob star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium rotularium'' (Lamarck, 1822). A ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''

Astralium saturnum ''Astralium saturnum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 20 mm and 28 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs of ...

'' Chino, 1999 * ''

Astralium semicostatum ''Astralium semicostatum'', common name the half-ribbed star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium semicostatum'' (P. Fischer, 1875). Accessed ...

'' (Kiener, 1850) * ''

Astralium stellare ''Astralium stellare'', common name the blue-mouthed turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 50 mm. The so ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''

Astralium tentoriiforme ''Astralium tentoriiforme'' , common name the common tent shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The length of the shell varies between 25 mm and 45 m ...

'' (Jonas, 1845) * ''

Astralium tentorium ''Astralium tentorium'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 30 mm and 50 mm. Distribution This marine species is endem ...

'' (Thiele, 1930) * ''

Astralium wallisi ''Astralium wallisi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. This species is considered by the Australian Faunal Directory as a synonym of ''Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822) ...

'' (Iredale, 1937) Another number of species are also mentioned in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database :OBIS : Astralium
/ref> * ''Astralium'' (''Astralium'') ''loochooensis'' (Mcneil, 1960): Possibly mistook of ''

Buccinaria loochooensis ''Buccinaria loochooensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae. Description The length of the shell attains 29.7 mm, its diameter 12.6 mm. Distribution This species was originally described fro ...

'' MacNeil, 1961, the nearest match. * '' Astralium turcicus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''

Astralium yamamurae ''Astralium'', common name star snails, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails and star snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium'' Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...

'' Habe & Kosuge, 1966 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Astralium abyssorum'' Schepman, 1908: synonym of ''

Bolma henica ''Bolma henica'', common name the deep sea star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Gofas, S. (2012). ''Bolma henica'' (Watson, 1885). Accessed through: World Register of Mar ...

'' (Watson, 1885) * ''Astralium americanum'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''

Lithopoma americanum ''Lithopoma americanum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This marine snail occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and off the Lesser Antilles. Descri ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Astralium andersoni'' E.A. Smith, 1902: synonym of ''

Bolma andersoni ''Bolma andersoni'', common name Anderson's star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca call ...

'' (E. A. Smith, 1902) * ''Astralium aureolum'' Hedley, 1907: synonym of ''

Bolma aureola ''Bolma aureola'', common name the golden turbo shell or the scaly star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Gofas, S. (2012). ''Bolma aureola'' (Hedley, 1907). Accessed through ...

'' (Hedley, 1907) * ''Astralium aureum'' (Jonas, 1844): synonym of ''

Bellastraea aurea ''Bellastraea aurea'', common name the golden small star, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The height of the shell varies between 10 mm and 14 mm, its diam ...

'' (Jonas, 1844) *'' Astralium bathyrhaphe'' Smith, 1899: synonym of ''

Bolma bathyraphis ''Bolma bathyraphis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Bolma bathyraphis'' (E. A. Smith, 1899). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:/ ...

'' (E. A. Smith, 1899) * ''Astralium brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''

Lithopoma brevispina ''Lithopoma brevispina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Lithopoma brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astralium cepoides'' E.A. Smith, 1880: synonym of ''

Turbo cepoides ''Turbo cepoides'' is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae. This is a species inquirenda In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further inves ...

'' E.A. Smith, 1880 * ''Astralium deplanatum'' Link, H.F., 1807: synonym of ''

Lithopoma phoebium ''Lithopoma phoebium'', common name the longspine star shell, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2011). Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798). Accessed thro ...

'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Astralium fimbriatum'' Tryon, 1888: synonym of ''

Bellastraea squamifera ''Bellastraea squamifera'', the scaly star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 30 mm. Distribution Thi ...

'' (Iredale, 1924) * ''Astralium gilchristi'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1903: synonym of ''

'' (E. A. Smith, 1899) * ''Astralium guadeloupense'' Crosse, H., 1865: synonym of ''

Lithopoma tectum ''Lithopoma tectum'', common name the West Indian starsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the ...

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Astralium johnstoni'' Odhner, 1923: synonym of ''

Bolma johnstoni ''Bolma johnstoni'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The shell grows to a length of 37 mm Distribution This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Sierra L ...

'' (Odhner, 1923) * ''Astralium mactanense'' Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of ''Astralium lapillus'' Reeve, 1863 * ''Astralium moniliferum'' Hedley & Willey, 1896: synonym of ''

Guildfordia monilifera ''Guildfordia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The imperforate shell is wheel-shaped. It is low-conic and granulose above, convex below. The periphery is armed with l ...

'' (Hedley & Willey, 1896) * ''Astralium phoebium'' (Röding, 1798): synonym of ''

'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Astralium plicatospinosum'' Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of ''

'' (Gould, 1851) * ''Astralium roseobasis'' Kreipl & Dekker, 2003: synonym of ''Astralium provisorium'' (Schepman, 1903) * ''Astralium rutidoloma'' (Tate, 1893) synonym of ''

Bellastraea rutidoloma ''Bellastraea rutidoloma'', common name the granular small star, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description (Original description by R. Tate) The shell has a lenticular-conoid ...

'' (Tate, 1893) * ''Astralium semicostatum'' (P. Fischer, 1875): synonym of ''

'' (Kiener, 1850) * ''Astralium squamiferum'' (Koch, 1844): synonym of ''

'' (Koch, 1844) * ''Astralium tayloriana'' Odhner, 1923: synonym of ''

Bolma tayloriana ''Bolma tayloriana'', common name Taylor's star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Rosenberg, G.; Gofas, S. (2012). ''Bolma tayloriana'' (E. A. Smith, 1880). Accessed through: ...

'' (E. A. Smith, 1880) * ''Astralium titania'' Röding, P.F., 1798: synonym of ''

'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Astralium triumphans'' (Philippi, 1841): synonym of ''

Guildfordia triumphans ''Guildfordia triumphans'', common name the triumphant star turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 35 mm and 60 m ...

'' (Philippi, 1841) * ''Astralium tuberosum'' (Philippi): synonym of ''

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astralium (Bolma) modestus'' var. ''girgyllus'' (Reeve, 1843): synonym of ''

Bolma modesta ''Bolma modesta'', common name the modest bolma, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 33 mm and 55 mm. The imperforate, ...

'' (Reeve, 1843) File:Astralium lapillus 002.jpg, ''Astralium lapillus'' File:Astralium mactanense 003.jpg, ''Astralium lapillus''

References

External links

*
Link, D. H. F. (1807-1808). ''Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock''. Rostock, Adlers Erben. 1 Abt. [Part 1], pp. 1–50; 2 Abt. [Part 2], pp. 51–100; 3 Abt. [Part 3], pp. 101–165; Abt. 4 [Part 4],pp. 1–30; Abt. 5 [Part 5], pp. 1–38 [1808]; Abt. 6 [Part 6], pp. 1–38
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3174372 Turbinidae Gastropod genera