''Astralium'',
common name
In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...
star snails, is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s,
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the family
Turbinidae
Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.Bouchet, P. (2014). Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecie ...
, the turban snails and star snails.
[Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium'' Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204985 on 2012-09-09]
Description
In ''Astralium'' a very rapidly enlarging
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
In nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...
starts from the multispiral nucleus, forming far the greater portion of the
operculum, and usually leaving a pit at the starting point.
Distribution
This marine genus has a wide distribution ranging from the Eastern Indian Ocean to
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
and
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
, the
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
, East India, the
Maldives
The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, and historically known as the Maldive Islands, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in South Asia located in the Indian Ocean. The Maldives is southwest of Sri Lanka and India, abou ...
and Australia (
New South Wales
New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...
,
Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...
,
Queensland
Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...
,
South Australia
South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which in ...
,
Tasmania
Tasmania (; palawa kani: ''Lutruwita'') is an island States and territories of Australia, state of Australia. It is located to the south of the Mainland Australia, Australian mainland, and is separated from it by the Bass Strait. The sta ...
,
Victoria
Victoria most commonly refers to:
* Queen Victoria (1819–1901), Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India
* Victoria (state), a state of Australia
* Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, a provincial capital
* Victoria, Seychelles, the capi ...
,
Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
).
Species
According to the
World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scien ...
(WoRMS), the following species are included within the genus ''Astralium'' :
* ''
Astralium asteriscum''
(Reeve, 1843)
* ''
Astralium calcar''
(Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Astralium confragosum''
(Gould, 1851)
* ''
Astralium danieli''
(Alf & Kreipl, 2006)
* ''
Astralium dekkeri''
(Thach, 2018)
* ''
Astralium haematragum''
(Menke, 1829)
* ''
Astralium heimburgi''
(Dunker, 1882)
* ''
Astralium lapillus''
Reeve, 1863
* ''
Astralium latispina''
(Philippi, 1844)
* ''
Astralium milloni''
(B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973)
* ''
Astralium nakamineae''
(Habe & Okutani, 1981)
* ''
Astralium okamotoi''
Kuroda & Habe, 1961
* ''
Astralium pileolum''
(Reeve, 1842)
* ''
Astralium provisorium''
Schepman, 1908
* ''
Astralium rhodostomum''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''
Astralium rotularium''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''
Astralium saturnum''
Chino, 1999
* ''
Astralium semicostatum''
(Kiener, 1850)
* ''
Astralium stellare''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* ''
Astralium tentoriiforme''
(Jonas, 1845)
* ''
Astralium tentorium''
(Thiele, 1930)
* ''
Astralium wallisi''
(Iredale, 1937)
Another number of species are also mentioned in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database :
OBIS : Astralium
/ref>
* ''Astralium'' (''Astralium'') ''loochooensis'' (Mcneil, 1960): Possibly mistook of '' Buccinaria loochooensis'' MacNeil, 1961, the nearest match.
* '' Astralium turcicus'' Reeve, 1848
* '' Astralium yamamurae'' Habe & Kosuge, 1966
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Astralium abyssorum'' Schepman, 1908: synonym of '' Bolma henica'' (Watson, 1885)
* ''Astralium americanum'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''Lithopoma americanum
''Lithopoma americanum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Turbinidae, the turban snails.
Distribution
This marine snail occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and off the Lesser Anti ...
'' (Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Astralium andersoni'' E.A. Smith, 1902: synonym of '' Bolma andersoni'' (E. A. Smith, 1902)
* ''Astralium aureolum'' Hedley, 1907: synonym of '' Bolma aureola'' (Hedley, 1907)
* ''Astralium aureum'' (Jonas, 1844): synonym of '' Bellastraea aurea'' (Jonas, 1844)
*'' Astralium bathyrhaphe'' Smith, 1899: synonym of '' Bolma bathyraphis'' (E. A. Smith, 1899)
* ''Astralium brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of '' Lithopoma brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Astralium cepoides'' E.A. Smith, 1880: synonym of '' Turbo cepoides'' E.A. Smith, 1880
* ''Astralium deplanatum'' Link, H.F., 1807: synonym of '' Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798)
* ''Astralium fimbriatum'' Tryon, 1888: synonym of '' Bellastraea squamifera'' (Iredale, 1924)
* ''Astralium gilchristi'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1903: synonym of '' Bolma bathyraphis'' (E. A. Smith, 1899)
* ''Astralium guadeloupense'' Crosse, H., 1865: synonym of '' Lithopoma tectum'' (Lightfoot, 1786)
* ''Astralium johnstoni'' Odhner, 1923: synonym of '' Bolma johnstoni'' (Odhner, 1923)
* ''Astralium mactanense'' Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of ''Astralium lapillus'' Reeve, 1863
* ''Astralium moniliferum'' Hedley & Willey, 1896: synonym of '' Guildfordia monilifera'' (Hedley & Willey, 1896)
* ''Astralium phoebium'' (Röding, 1798): synonym of '' Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798)
* ''Astralium plicatospinosum'' Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of '' Astralium confragosum'' (Gould, 1851)
* ''Astralium roseobasis'' Kreipl & Dekker, 2003: synonym of ''Astralium provisorium'' (Schepman, 1903)
* ''Astralium rutidoloma'' (Tate, 1893) synonym of '' Bellastraea rutidoloma'' (Tate, 1893)
* ''Astralium semicostatum'' (P. Fischer, 1875): synonym of '' Astralium semicostatum'' (Kiener, 1850)
* ''Astralium squamiferum'' (Koch, 1844): synonym of '' Bellastraea squamifera'' (Koch, 1844)
* ''Astralium tayloriana'' Odhner, 1923: synonym of '' Bolma tayloriana'' (E. A. Smith, 1880)
* ''Astralium titania'' Röding, P.F., 1798: synonym of '' Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798)
* ''Astralium triumphans'' (Philippi, 1841): synonym of '' Guildfordia triumphans'' (Philippi, 1841)
* ''Astralium tuberosum'' (Philippi): synonym of '' Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Astralium (Bolma) modestus'' var. ''girgyllus'' (Reeve, 1843): synonym of '' Bolma modesta'' (Reeve, 1843)
File:Astralium lapillus 002.jpg, ''Astralium lapillus''
File:Astralium mactanense 003.jpg, ''Astralium lapillus''
References
External links
*
Link, D. H. F. (1807-1808). ''Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock''. Rostock, Adlers Erben. 1 Abt. [Part 1], pp. 1–50; 2 Abt. [Part 2], pp. 51–100; 3 Abt. [Part 3], pp. 101–165; Abt. 4 [Part 4],pp. 1–30; Abt. 5 [Part 5], pp. 1–38 [1808]; Abt. 6 [Part 6], pp. 1–38
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3174372
Turbinidae
Gastropod genera