Astralium

''Astralium'', common name star snails, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails and star snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium'' Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204985 on 2012-09-09

Description

In ''Astralium'' a very rapidly enlarging whorl starts from the multispiral nucleus, forming far the greater portion of the operculum, and usually leaving a pit at the starting point.

Distribution

This marine genus has a wide distribution ranging from the Eastern Indian Ocean to China and Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East India, the Maldives and Australia ( New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia).

Species

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species are included within the genus ''Astralium'' :
* '' Astralium asteriscum'' (Reeve, 1843)
* '' Astralium calcar'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* '' Astralium confragosum'' (Gould, 1851)
* '' Astralium danieli'' (Alf & Kreipl, 2006)
* '' Astralium dekkeri'' (Thach, 2018)
* '' Astralium haematragum'' (Menke, 1829)
* '' Astralium heimburgi'' (Dunker, 1882)
* '' Astralium lapillus'' Reeve, 1863
* '' Astralium latispina'' (Philippi, 1844)
* ''Astralium milloni'' (B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973)
* '' Astralium nakamineae'' (Habe & Okutani, 1981)
* '' Astralium okamotoi'' Kuroda & Habe, 1961
* ''Astralium pileolum'' (Reeve, 1842)
* '' Astralium provisorium'' Schepman, 1908
* ''Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Astralium rotularium'' (Lamarck, 1822)
* '' Astralium saturnum'' Chino, 1999
* ''Astralium semicostatum'' (Kiener, 1850)
* '' Astralium stellare'' (Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Astralium tentoriiforme'' (Jonas, 1845)
* '' Astralium tentorium'' (Thiele, 1930)
* '' Astralium wallisi'' (Iredale, 1937)

Another number of species are also mentioned in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database :OBIS : Astralium
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* ''Astralium'' (''Astralium'') ''loochooensis'' (Mcneil, 1960): Possibly mistook of ''Buccinaria loochooensis'' MacNeil, 1961, the nearest match.
* '' Astralium turcicus'' Reeve, 1848
* '' Astralium yamamurae'' Habe & Kosuge, 1966

;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Astralium abyssorum'' Schepman, 1908: synonym of ''Bolma henica'' (Watson, 1885)
* ''Astralium americanum'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of '' Lithopoma americanum'' (Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Astralium andersoni'' E.A. Smith, 1902: synonym of ''Bolma andersoni'' (E. A. Smith, 1902)
* ''Astralium aureolum'' Hedley, 1907: synonym of ''Bolma aureola'' (Hedley, 1907)
* ''Astralium aureum'' (Jonas, 1844): synonym of ''Bellastraea aurea'' (Jonas, 1844)
*'' Astralium bathyrhaphe'' Smith, 1899: synonym of '' Bolma bathyraphis'' (E. A. Smith, 1899)
* ''Astralium brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of '' Lithopoma brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Astralium cepoides'' E.A. Smith, 1880: synonym of '' Turbo cepoides'' E.A. Smith, 1880
* ''Astralium deplanatum'' Link, H.F., 1807: synonym of '' Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798)
* ''Astralium fimbriatum'' Tryon, 1888: synonym of ''Bellastraea squamifera'' (Iredale, 1924)
* ''Astralium gilchristi'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1903: synonym of '' Bolma bathyraphis'' (E. A. Smith, 1899)
* ''Astralium guadeloupense'' Crosse, H., 1865: synonym of '' Lithopoma tectum'' (Lightfoot, 1786)
* ''Astralium johnstoni'' Odhner, 1923: synonym of '' Bolma johnstoni'' (Odhner, 1923)
* ''Astralium mactanense'' Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of ''Astralium lapillus'' Reeve, 1863
* ''Astralium moniliferum'' Hedley & Willey, 1896: synonym of ''Guildfordia monilifera'' (Hedley & Willey, 1896)
* ''Astralium phoebium'' (Röding, 1798): synonym of '' Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798)
* ''Astralium plicatospinosum'' Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of '' Astralium confragosum'' (Gould, 1851)
* ''Astralium roseobasis'' Kreipl & Dekker, 2003: synonym of ''Astralium provisorium'' (Schepman, 1903)
* ''Astralium rutidoloma'' (Tate, 1893) synonym of ''Bellastraea rutidoloma'' (Tate, 1893)
* ''Astralium semicostatum'' (P. Fischer, 1875): synonym of ''Astralium semicostatum'' (Kiener, 1850)
* ''Astralium squamiferum'' (Koch, 1844): synonym of ''Bellastraea squamifera'' (Koch, 1844)
* ''Astralium tayloriana'' Odhner, 1923: synonym of ''Bolma tayloriana'' (E. A. Smith, 1880)
* ''Astralium titania'' Röding, P.F., 1798: synonym of '' Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798)
* ''Astralium triumphans'' (Philippi, 1841): synonym of '' Guildfordia triumphans'' (Philippi, 1841)
* ''Astralium tuberosum'' (Philippi): synonym of ''Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Astralium (Bolma) modestus'' var. ''girgyllus'' (Reeve, 1843): synonym of ''Bolma modesta'' (Reeve, 1843)

File:Astralium lapillus 002.jpg, ''Astralium lapillus''
File:Astralium mactanense 003.jpg, ''Astralium lapillus''

References

External links

*

Link, D. H. F. (1807-1808). ''Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock''. Rostock, Adlers Erben. 1 Abt. [Part 1], pp. 1–50; 2 Abt. [Part 2], pp. 51–100; 3 Abt. [Part 3], pp. 101–165; Abt. 4 [Part 4],pp. 1–30; Abt. 5 [Part 5], pp. 1–38 [1808]; Abt. 6 [Part 6], pp. 1–38

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3174372

Turbinidae
Gastropod genera