Associated motion is a
grammatical category
In linguistics, a grammatical category or grammatical feature is a property of items within the grammar of a language. Within each category there are two or more possible values (sometimes called grammemes), which are normally mutually exclusive ...
whose main function is to associate a motion component to the event expressed by the verbal root.
This category is attested in
Pama–Nyungan languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages () are the most widespread language family, family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it is derived from the two e ...
, where it was first discovered (Koch 1984, Wilkins 1991), in
Tacanan, in
rGyalrong languages
Gyalrong or rGyalrong (), also rendered Jiarong ( zh, t=嘉絨語, s=嘉绒语, p=Jiāróngyǔ), or sometimes Gyarung, is a subbranch of the Gyalrongic languages spoken by the Gyalrong people in Western Sichuan, China. Lai et al. (2020) refer ...
, and in
Panoan language
Panoan (also Pánoan, Panoano, Panoana, Páno) is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia. It is possibly a branch of a larger Pano–Tacanan family.
Genetic relations
The Panoan family is generally be ...
s.
Languages with associated motion present a contrast between association motion and purposive motion verb constructions, as in the following examples from
Japhug Rgyalrong.
Although both examples have the same English translation, they differ in that (2) with the translocative associated motion prefix ɕ- implies that the buying did take place, while (1) with the motion verb does not imply the buying took place, even though the going did. The distinction made by the translocative is similar to the distinction made in "I went ''and'' bought things".
In addition to parameters such as relative time of occurrence (prior, concurrent, subsequent motion), argument of motion, deixis (motion towards or from the deictic center), associated motion systems can also encode speed, and these markers can then evolve into celerative markers exclusively encoding speed.
References
Bibliography
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*Koch, Harold. 1984. The category of ‘associated motion’ in Kaytej. Language in Central Australia 1: 23–34.
*Tallman, Adam J. R. 2021. Associated Motion in Chácono (Pano) in Typological Perspective. In Antoine Guillaume, Harold Koch (eds.): ''Associated Motion''. (Empirical Studies in Language). De Gruyter Mouton, p. 419–450.
*Wilkins, David P. 1991. The semantics, pragmatics and diachronic development of ‘associated motion’ in Mparntwe Arrernte. ''Buffalo Papers in Linguistics'' 1: 207–57.
Grammatical conjugation
Grammatical categories
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