Assimineidae is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of small

snail A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gas ...

s, also known as palmleaf snails, with an operculum,

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s or

micromollusk A micromollusc is a shelled mollusc which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine molluscs, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater molluscs also ...

s in the superfamily Truncatelloidea. Many of these very small snails live in intermediate habitats, being amphibious between saltwater and land; others live in freshwater.

Distribution

The distribution of the Assimineidae is worldwide."Family summary for Assimineidae"

AnimalBase AnimalBase is a project brought to life in 2004 and is maintained by the University of Göttingen, Germany. The goal of the AnimalBase project is to digitize early zoological literature, provide copyright-free open access to zoological works, and p ...

, last change 15-08-2006, accessed 4 August 2010. The oldest fossils are known from the

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...

aged

Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. Th ...

Ecology

Various species in this family occur in

estuarine An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environm ...

habitats, in

salt marsh A salt marsh, saltmarsh or salting, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. I ...

es and in freshwater. Some are terrestrial or

amphibious Amphibious means able to use either land or water. In particular it may refer to: Animals * Amphibian, a vertebrate animal of the class Amphibia (many of which live on land and breed in water) * Amphibious caterpillar * Amphibious fish, a fish ...

Description

The

shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses Science Biology * Seashell, a hard outer layer of a marine ani ...

is small to medium large, more or less egg-conelike shaped. The apertural margin is simple. The operculum is in most cases horny. Species in this family are characterized by rudimentary cephalic

tentacles In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work main ...

, a trunklike

snout A snout is the protruding portion of an animal's face, consisting of its nose, mouth, and jaw. In many animals, the structure is called a muzzle, Rostrum (anatomy), rostrum, beak or proboscis. The wet furless surface around the nostrils of the n ...

, a foot with a groove and rudimentary to absent ctenidium (a comb-like respiratory apparatus).

Taxonomy

The following three

subfamilies In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zool ...

were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): * Subfamily Assimineinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 - synonym: Synceratidae Bartsch, 1920 * Subfamily Ekadantinae Thiele, 1929 - synonyms: Paludinellidae Kobelt, 1878 (n.a.); Cyclotropidae Iredale, 1941 * Subfamily Omphalotropidinae Thiele, 1927 - Realiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1853 (inv.); Adelomorphinae Kobelt, 1906 (inv.); Garrettiinae Kobelt, 1906; Pseudocyclotini Thiele, 1929; Thaanumellinae Clench, 1946; Tutuilanidae Hubendick, 1952

Genera

Genera in the family Assimineidae include:ZipCodeZoo
Genus † '' Laternoides'' W. Yu & Y.-H. Xi, 1977 subfamily Assimineinae * ''

Angustassiminea ''Angustassiminea'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Assimineidae Assimineidae is a family (biology), family of small snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, gastropod mollusks or microm ...

'' Habe, 1943 * ''

Assiminea ''Assiminea'' is a genus of minute, salt-tolerant snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks, or micromollusks, in the family Assimineidae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Assiminea Fleming, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

'' Fleming, 1828 - type genus of Assimineidae, synonym: ''Assiminia'' * '' Austropilula'' Thiele, 1927 * ''

Aviassiminea ''Aviassiminea'' is a genus of minute operculate snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family (biology), family Assimineidae. Species Species within ''Aviassiminea'' include: * ''Aviassiminea palitans'' Fukud ...

'' Fukuda & Ponder, 2003 * '' Conassiminea'' Fukuda & Ponder, 2006 * '' Cryptassiminea'' Fukuda & Ponder, 2005 * '' Euassiminea'' Heude, 1882 * '' Macrassiminea'' Thiele, 1927 * '' Ovassiminea'' Thiele, 1927 * '' Pseudomphala'' Heude, 1882 * '' Sculptassiminea'' Thiele, 1927 subfamily Ekadantinae * ''

Acmella ''Acmella'' is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae, described as a genus in 1807. It is native to the Americas and has been introduced species, introduced to Asia, Africa, the Pacific islands, and Australia. One familiar species is ''Acm ...

'' Blanford, 1869 * '' Cavernacmella'' Habe, 1942 * '' Cyclotropis'' Tapparone Canefri, 1883 * '' Ekadanta'' Rao, 1928 * '' Metassiminea'' Thiele, 1927 * '' Optediceros'' Leith, 1853 * ''

Paludinella ''Paludinella'' is a genus of minute salt marsh snails with an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, Aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusks or micromollusks, in the family Assimineidae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2012). Paludinella Pfeiffer, 1841. Ac ...

'' Pfeiffer, 1841 * '' Rugapedia'' Fukuda & Ponder, 2004 * '' Solenomphala'' Heude, 1882 * '' Taiwanassiminea'' Kuroda & Habe, 1950 subfamily Omphalotropidinae Thiele, 1927 (synonym: Garrettiinae Kobelt, 1906) * '' Allepithema'' Tomlin, 1931 * '' Anaglyphula'' B. Rensch, 1932 * '' Atropis'' Pease, 1871 * '' Austroassiminea'' Solem, Girardi, Slack-Smith & Kendrick, 1982 * '' Balambania'' Crosse, 1891 * '' Chalicopoma'' Möllendorff, 1894 * '' Conacmella'' Thiele, 1925 * '' Crossilla'' Thiele, 1927 * '' Cyclomorpha'' Pease, 1871 * '' Ditropisena'' Iredale, 1933 * '' Duritropis'' Iredale, 1944 * '' Electrina'' Baird, 1850 * '' Eussoia'' Preston, 1912 * '' Fijianella'' C. M. Cooke & Clench, 1943 * ''

Garrettia ''Garrettia'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1937. It contains only one known species, ''Garrettia siamensis''. It is native to southern China (Yunnan), Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands ...

'' Paetel, 1873 * '' Kubaryia'' Clench, 1948 * ''

Leucostele ''Leucostele'' is a genus of large Cactus, cacti native species, native to Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. Species Species of the genus ''Leucostele'' according to Plants of the World Online : References External links

* * {{taxonbar, f ...

'' Thiele, 1927 * ''

Limborelia ''Limborelia'' is a genus in the subfamily Omphalotropidinae of palmleaf snails that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia an ...

'' Iredale, 1944 * '' Nesopoma'' Clench, 1958 * ''

Omphalotropis ''Omphalotropis'' is a genus of minute salt marsh snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Omphalotropidinae of the family Assimineidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Omphalotropis L. Pfeiffer, 1851. A ...

'' Pfeiffer, 1851 - type genus of the subfamily Omphalotropidinae * '' Opinorelia'' Iredale, 1944 * '' Paludinellassiminea'' Habe, 1994 * '' Ponapella'' Clench, 1946 * '' Pseudassiminea'' Thiele, 1927 * '' Pseudocyclotus'' Thiele, 1894 * '' Pseudogibbula'' Dautzenberg, 1890 * '' Quadrasiella'' Moellendorff, 1894 * '' Rapanella'' Cooke & Clench, 1943 * '' Rupacilla'' Thiele, 1927 * '' Scalinella'' Pease, 1867 * '' Schuettiella'' Brandt, 1974 * '' Setaepoma'' Clench, 1955 * '' Spiratropis'' Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900 * '' Suterilla'' Thiele, 1927 * '' Sychnotropis'' Möllendorff, 1898 * '' Telmosena'' Iredale, 1944 * ''

Thaanumella ''Thaanumella'' is a genus of minute salt marsh snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Assimineidae Assimineidae is a family (biology), family of small snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an Operculum (ga ...

'' Clench, 1946 * '' Turbacmella'' Thiele, 1927 * '' Tutuilana'' Hubendick, 1952 * ''

Wrayanna ''Wrayanna'' is a monotypic genus of snails in the family Assimineidae. Its sole species, ''Wrayanna soluta'', is known only from Pohnpei, an island in the Caroline Islands of Micronesia Micronesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, consi ...

'' Clench, 1948 ;incertae sedis: * Assimineidae incertae sedis vulgaris Webster, 1905Rosenberg, G. (2012). Assimineidae incertae sedis vulgaris. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=598622 on 2012-05-31 * ''Assimineidae incertae sedis turrita'' (W. H. Turton, 1932) (taxon inquirendum) * ''Assimineidae incertae sedis turritella'' (W. H. Turton, 1932) (taxon inquirendum) ;Synonyms: * ''Adelomorpha'' Tapparone Canefri, 1886: synonym of ''Pseudocyclotus'' Thiele, 1894 (Invalid: Junior homonym of ''Adelomorpha'' Snellen, 1885 epidoptera * ''Adelostoma'' E. A. Smith, 1885: synonym of ''Pseudocyclotus'' Thiele, 1894 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Adelostoma'' Duponchel, 1827) * ''Assemania'' Dollfus, 1912: synonym of ''Assiminea'' J. Fleming, 1828 (unjustified emendation) * ''Assimania'': synonym of ''Assiminea'' J. Fleming, 1828 (incorrect spelling of genus name) * ''Assiminella'' Monterosato, 1906: synonym of ''Paludinella'' L. Pfeiffer, 1841 (unnecessary substitute name for Paludinella L. Pfeiffer, 1841) * ''Assiminia'' J. Fleming, 1828: synonym of ''Assiminea'' J. Fleming, 1828 (alternative original spelling sed in the index p. 557 * ''Diadema'' Pease, 1868: synonym of ''Garrettia'' Paetel, 1873 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Diadema'' Gray, 1825) * ''Dramelia'' Iredale, 1941: synonym of ''Acmella'' W. T. Blanford, 1869 (junior synonym) * ''Heteropoma'' Möllendorff, 1894: synonym of ''Allepithema'' Tomlin, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Heteropoma'' Benson, 1856; ''Allepithema'' is a replacement name) * ''Paludinassiminea'' Matsubayashi & Habe, 1990: synonym of ''Solenomphala'' Heude, 1882 (unavailable name: no type species designated) * Tribe ''Pseudocyclotini'' Thiele, 1929: synonym of ''Omphalotropidinae'' Thiele, 1927 * ''Scalinella'' Pease, 1868: synonym of ''Omphalotropis'' L. Pfeiffer, 1851 * ''Stenotropis'' Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1898: synonym of ''Omphalotropis (Stenotropis)'' Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1898 represented as ''Omphalotropis'' L. Pfeiffer, 1851 * ''Syncera'' Gray, 1821 (nomen nudum)

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3171053 pt:Assiminea