Aryeh Naor
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Miriam Naor (; 26 October 1947 – 24 January 2022) was an Israeli judge who was President of the
Supreme Court of Israel The Supreme Court of Israel (, Hebrew acronym Bagatz; ) is the Supreme court, highest court in Israel. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all other courts, and in some cases original jurisdiction. The Supreme Court consists of 15 jud ...
from January 2015 to October 2017. Naor retired at the end of October 2017 upon reaching the mandatory judicial retirement age of 70. She was succeeded by Esther Hayut.


Biography

Naor was born in
Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...
. Naor hailed from a family rooted in the
Revisionist Zionist Revisionist Zionism is a form of Zionism characterized by territorial maximalism. Revisionist Zionism promoted expansionism and the establishment of a Jewish majority on both sides of the Jordan River. Developed by Ze'ev Jabotinsky in the 1920s ...
tradition. Her father, Naftaly Lerner,
emigrated Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere (to permanently leave a country). Conversely, immigration describes the movement of people into one country from another (to permanentl ...
from
Odessa ODESSA is an American codename (from the German language, German: ''Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen'', meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 to cover Ratlines (World War II aftermath), Nazi underground escape-pl ...
to Palestine in 1922 and studied civil engineering at the Technion in
Haifa Haifa ( ; , ; ) is the List of cities in Israel, third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropolitan area i ...
. In 1944, he married her mother Batya (née Karklinsky), who immigrated from Lithuania in 1910. She studied nursing at the Hadassah School of Nursing in Jerusalem. She graduated from the
Hebrew University The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; ) is an Israeli public research university based in Jerusalem. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Chaim Weizmann in July 1918, the public university officially opened on 1 April 1925. It is the second-ol ...
’s law school in 1971. Her husband, Aryeh Naor, served as Prime Minister
Menachem Begin Menachem Begin ( ''Menaḥem Begin'', ; (Polish documents, 1931–1937); ; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of both Herut and Likud and the prime minister of Israel. Before the creation of the state of Isra ...
’s
cabinet secretary A cabinet secretary is usually a senior official (typically a civil servant) who provides services and advice to a cabinet of ministers as part of the Cabinet Office. In many countries, the position can have considerably wider functions and powe ...
from 1977 to 1982. Her mother-in-law,
Esther Raziel-Naor Esther Raziel-Naor (; 29 November 1911 – 11 November 2002) was a Revisionist Zionist, Irgun leader and Israeli politician. She was the sister of fellow Irgun leader David Raziel. Biography Early life Raziel was born in Smarhon (now in Grodno ...
, was a long-serving member of
Knesset The Knesset ( , ) is the Unicameralism, unicameral legislature of Israel. The Knesset passes all laws, elects the President of Israel, president and Prime Minister of Israel, prime minister, approves the Cabinet of Israel, cabinet, and supe ...
for
Herut Herut () was the major conservative nationalist political party in Israel from 1948 until its formal merger into Likud in 1988. It was an adherent of Revisionist Zionism. Some of their policies were compared to those of the Nazi party. Early y ...
(the precursor to
Likud Likud (, ), officially known as Likud – National Liberal Movement (), is a major Right-wing politics, right-wing, political party in Israel. It was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin and Ariel Sharon in an alliance with several right-wing par ...
) — from 1949 to 1973 and the sister of
David Raziel David Raziel (; 19 November 1910 – 20 May 1941) was a leader of the Zionist underground in British Mandatory Palestine and one of the founders of the Irgun. During World War II, Irgun entered a truce with the British so they could collabora ...
. Her son Naftali — whose godfather was Menachem Begin — ran unsuccessfully in Likud primaries. Naor died on 24 January 2022, at the age of 74.


Legal and judicial career

Naor clerked for Supreme Court justice (later Chief Justice) Moshe Landau. She worked on constitutional issues in the State Attorney’s Office under
Mishael Cheshin Mishael Cheshin (‎; 16 February 1936 – 19 September 2015) was an Israeli Justice who served in the Supreme Court of Israel from 1992 to 2006. Biography Mishael Cheshin was born in Beirut, Greater Lebanon. He was the son of and Leah (née ...
, who would later be appointed Deputy Chief Justice. In 1980 she won her first judicial appointment to the Jerusalem Magistrate’s Court. In May 1989, Naor was appointed to the Jerusalem District Court. Later in the 1990s, she served as one of the judges who eventually convicted
Shas Shas () is a Haredi Judaism, Haredi religious List of political parties in Israel, political party in Israel. Founded in 1984 by Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, a former Israeli Sephardic Jews, Sephardi chief rabbi, who remained its spiritual leader until ...
chairman
Aryeh Deri Aryeh Makhlouf Deri (; ), also Arie Deri, Arye Deri, or Arieh Deri (born 17 February 1959), is an Israeli politician and one of the founders of the Shas political party who served as the Vice Prime Minister, Minister of Health, and Minister ...
on bribery charges. She became a permanent justice on the Supreme Court in 2003. In 2016,
Natasha Hausdorff Natasha Hausdorff (born October 1989) is a British barrister, international law expert, and member of pro-Israel lobbying group UK Lawyers for Israel.
, a British future barrister, international news commentator, and Israel advocate clerked for her."25 ViZionaries: Natasha Hausdorff - No. 2; Prominent advocate for Israel’s legal rights on the global stage. "
''The Jerusalem Post'', October 1, 2024."Natasha Hausdorff,"
''Algemeiner''.Karen Glaser (March 2, 2023)
"Meet the brilliant barrister battling lies about Israel,"
''The Jewish Chronicle''. Naor spent 38 years on the bench, 17 of them on the Supreme Court. Her final act was ratifying the verdict allowing Tel Aviv supermarkets and recreation centers to remain open on Shabbat. In October 2018 she was appointed President of the Zionist Supreme Court of the
World Zionist Organization The World Zionist Organization (; ''HaHistadrut HaTzionit Ha'Olamit''), or WZO, is a non-governmental organization that promotes Zionism. It was founded as the Zionist Organization (ZO; 1897–1960) at the initiative of Theodor Herzl at the F ...
.


See also

*
Women in Israel Women in Israel comprise of the state's population . While Israel lacks an official constitution, the Israeli Declaration of Independence of 1948 states that “The State of Israel (…) will ensure complete equality of social and political r ...
*
Judiciary of Israel The judicial system of Israel consists of secular courts and religious courts. The law courts constitute a separate and independent unit of Israel's Ministry of Justice. The system is headed by the President of the Supreme Court and the Ministe ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naor, Miriam 1947 births 2022 deaths Chief justices of the Supreme Court of Israel Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Law alumni Israeli people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent Israeli people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent Israeli women judges Women chief justices Lawyers from Jerusalem 21st-century women judges