The ''Articella'' ('little art') or ''Ars medicinae'' ('art of medicine') is a

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

collection of medical treatises bound together in one volume that was used mainly as a textbook and reference manual between the 13th and the 16th centuries. In

medieval times In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and t ...

, several versions of this anthology circulated in manuscript form among medical students. Between 1476 and 1534,

printed Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and Printmaking, images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabon ...

editions of the ''Articella'' were also published in several

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

an cities. The earliest surviving manuscript of the collection was copied just after 1100. The original five texts, in their standard order, are the ''Isagoge Ioannitii ad Tegni Galieni'' by

Hunayn ibn Ishaq Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi (808–873; also Hunain or Hunein; ; ; known in Latin as Johannitius) was an influential Arab Nestorian Christian translator, scholar, physician, and scientist. During the apex of the Islamic Abbasid era, he worked w ...

; the Hippocratic ''Aphorisms'' and ''Prognostics''; the ''De urinis'' of

Theophilus Protospatharius Theophilus Protospatharius (; ca. 7th century) was the author of several extant Greek medical works. Nothing is known of his life or the time when he lived. He is generally called "'' Protospatharius''", which seems to have been originally a milita ...

; and the ''De pulsibus'' of Philaretus. The collection is usually supposed to have grown around Hunayn's ''Isagoge'', an abridged introduction to

Galen Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (; September 129 – AD), often Anglicization, anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Ancient Rome, Roman and Greeks, Greek physician, surgeon, and Philosophy, philosopher. Considered to be one o ...

's classical Greek treatise ''Ars medica'' (''Techne iatrike'') translated from Arabic into Latin by

Constantine the African Constantine the African, (; died before 1098/1099, Monte Cassino) was a physician who lived in the 11th century. The first part of his life was spent in Ifriqiya and the rest in Italy. He first arrived in Italy in the coastal town of Salerno, h ...

in the 11th century. It circulated independently of the ''Articella''. In the late 12th century, Galen's ''Ars'' was added to the ''Articella'' as a sixth text under the title ''Tegni''. It was later moved into second place.Cornelius O'Boyle, ''The Art of Medicine: Medical Teaching at the University of Paris, 1250–1400'' (Brill, 1998), pp. 83–84. In the mid-13th century, the emergence of formal medical education in several European universities fueled a demand for comprehensive textbooks. Instructors from the influential Salernitan medical school in southern Italy popularized the practice of binding other treatises together with their manuscript copies of the ''Isagoge''. __NOTOC__

References

Bibliography

* Cornelius O'Boyle. Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Copies of the "Ars Medicine": A Checklist and Contents Descriptions of the Manuscripts. Articella Studies: Texts and Interpretations in Medieval and Renaissance Medical Teaching, no. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, and CSIC Barcelona, Department of History of Science, 1998. * Jon Arrizabalaga. The "Articella" in the Early Press, c. 1476-1534. Articella Studies: Texts and Interpretations in Medieval and Renaissance Medical Teaching, no. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, and CSIC Barcelona, Department of History of Science, 1998. * Papers of the Articella Project Meeting, Cambridge, December 1995. Articella Studies: Texts and Interpretations in Medieval and Renaissance Medical Teaching, no. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, and CSIC Barcelona, Department of History of Science, 1998.

External links

Medieval manuscripts - Articella
{{authority control History of medicine Medical books Medieval books

See also

References

Bibliography

External links