HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Arthur Murray (April 29, 1851 – May 12, 1925) was a career U.S. Army artillery officer and major general in the United States Army. He was notable for his service as Chief of Artillery for the United States Army Artillery Corps, and the first Chief of United States Army Coast Artillery. Murray served primarily in artillery command and staff assignments, with one exception being his command of the 43rd U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the Philippine Insurrection. Following his retirement in 1915, Murray returned to active duty during World War I. He served as commander of the Army's Western Department from 1917 until retiring again in 1918.


Early life and career

Murray was born in Bowling Green, Missouri, on April 29, 1851. He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, ranked second in the Class of 1874. After graduation, he was commissioned as a
second lieutenant Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces, comparable to NATO OF-1 rank. Australia The rank of second lieutenant existed in the military forces of the Australian colonies and Australian Army until ...
with the
1st U.S. Artillery First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...
, serving in Florida, South Carolina, and Rhode Island, and later in Pennsylvania during the Army's response to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. He was promoted to first lieutenant in June 1878, and in 1880 he graduated first in his class at the U.S. Army Field Artillery School at Fort Monroe, Virginia. He served at West Point as an instructor of natural and experimental philosophy between 1881 and 1885, and following a yearlong posting at the Presidio in San Francisco, California, in 1886, was in 1887 assigned to the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's office for the Department of the Missouri. He later served in the Judge Advocate's office for the Department of Dakota. Murray studied law during his Judge Advocate General postings and was admitted to the bar. From 1891 to 1896, Murray was commander of Battery L, 1st Artillery at Fort Wadsworth, New York. He then served at Yale University as a professor of military science from 1896 to 1898.


Later career


Spanish-American War

At the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, Murray was assigned command of Battery A, 1st U.S. Artillery in Key West. Florida on April 18, 1898. He subsequently served as judge advocate for First Army Corps on campaign in Cuba. After the war, Murray held several positions in Cuba as part of the U.S. Army's occupation government before returning to Washington, D.C., in May 1899.


Philippine Insurrection

In August 1899, Murray accepted command of the 43rd United States Volunteer Infantry Regiment with the temporary rank of colonel. He organized the regiment at Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont, and led it to the Philippine Islands in November 1899. The 43rd Infantry was in action during the Philippine Insurrection between 1900 and 1901, arriving in Manila in late-December 1899, and was present for much of the bloody counterinsurgency fighting on Luzon, Samar, and Leyte Islands between January and May 1900. From June 1900 to June, 1901 Murray served as commander of the 1st District of the Department of the Visayas.


Commandant of the School of Submarine Defense

On August 22, 1901, Murray was promoted to
major Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators ...
in the Artillery Corps. From 1901 to 1906, he was commandant of the Army's School of Submarine Defense. The school's purpose was to devise and implement methods of defending American harbors from attack by enemy ships, including the employment of underwater mines and torpedoes. During Murray's tenure, the school was relocated to Fort Monroe, which was also the home of the U.S. Army's Artillery School. Her served as president of Torpedo Board beginning on October 3, 1901, and was detailed as member of the Board of Engineers in July 1903. Murray was also in charge of the submarine mine defenses of Long Island, New York; Portland, Maine; Fort Monroe, Virginia; Baltimore, Maryland; and Washington, D.C., during the Army-Navy maneuvers of 1902, 1903, and 1905. On April 14, 1905, Murray was promoted to
lieutenant colonel Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colone ...
.


Chief of Artillery and retirement

On October 1, 1906, Murray was promoted simultaneously to colonel and brigadier general, selected to fill the position of
Chief of Artillery Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the boa ...
in Washington, D.C. In 1908, the Artillery Corps was divided into the Coast Artillery Corps and the
Field Artillery Field artillery is a category of mobile artillery used to support armies in the field. These weapons are specialized for mobility, tactical proficiency, short range, long range, and extremely long range target engagement. Until the early 20t ...
, The companies of the Artillery Corps were reorganized as units of either the U.S. Army Field Artillery (mobile light artillery units trained for ground warfare) or U.S Army Coast Artillery (tasked with the defense of static heavy coast artillery installations constructed to defend American harbors). Murray was named the first Chief of Coast Artillery. He used his time in the post on major activities including inspection of the newly-constructed Taft-era coast artillery defenses of the Philippine Islands, Hawaiian Islands, and Pacific Coast of the United States, and served until March 1911. Murray was promoted to major general on March 13, 1911, and assigned command of the U.S. Army's Western Department. He served in this post until his retirement on December 4, 1915.


Return to service in World War I

Following the American entry into the First World War, Murray returned to service as a major general on August 21, 1917. He commanded the U.S. Army's Western Department from September 6, 1917, until retiring again in May 1918. Murray was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal in recognition of his contributions to the war effort. The citation for the medal reads:


Civilian career

In his early retirement, Murray served as vice chairman of the Central Committee of the
American Red Cross The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a non-profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the desi ...
in Washington, D.C., between December 1915 and December 1916. In December 1918, Murray was appointed clerk of the U.S. House Committee on Military Affairs.


Death and burial

Murray died in Washington, D.C., on May 12, 1925, at the age of 74. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, in Section 3, Site 1844B.


Personal life

In 1880, Murray married Sara Wetmore De Russy, the daughter of Brigadier General René Edward De Russy. His son,
Maxwell Murray Maxwell Murray (June 19, 1885 – August 4, 1948) was a United States Army officer, who rose to the rank of major general. Murray commanded the 25th Infantry Division during the Attack on Pearl Harbor. He was the son of Major General Arthur ...
, was a career U.S. Army officer who attained the rank of major general. His daughter, Sara Murray, was the wife of Major General
Henry Conger Pratt Henry Conger Pratt (September 2, 1882 – April 6, 1966), professionally known as H. Conger Pratt, was a major general in the United States Army. He was awarded a Distinguished Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster, and received awards from I ...
. His daughter, Carolyn Murray, was married to Ord Preston, a prominent Washington, D.C., businessman who served as president of the Washington Gas Light Company and the Union Trust Company, and also served as a major in the U.S. Army during World War I.


Awards

* Distinguished Service Medal * Spanish War Service Medal * Army of Cuban Occupation Medal * Philippine Campaign Medal * World War I Victory Medal


References


External links


Arlington National Cemetery
{{DEFAULTSORT:Murray, Arthur 1851 births 1925 deaths United States Army generals United States Military Academy alumni American military personnel of the Spanish–American War American military personnel of the Philippine–American War United States Army generals of World War I Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Burials at Arlington National Cemetery United States Army Coast Artillery Corps personnel People from Bowling Green, Missouri Military personnel from Missouri