Arthur Foley Winnington-Ingram (26 January 1858 – 26 May 1946) was Bishop of London from 1901 to 1939.

Early life and career

He was born in the rectory at

Stanford-on-Teme Stanford-on-Teme is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Stanford with Orleton, in the Malvern Hills district in the county of Worcestershire, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 144. History Stanford Court, a ...

, Worcestershire, the fourth son of Edward Winnington-Ingram (a Church of England priest and

Rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...

of Stanford) and of Louisa (daughter of

Henry Pepys Henry Pepys (; 18 April 1783 – 13 November 1860) was the Church of England Bishop of Sodor and Man in 1840–1841 and of Worcester in 1841–1860. He gave generously to the Three Choirs Festival, held in Worcester every third year. His daughter ...

Bishop of Worcester A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

). Winnington-Ingram was educated at

Marlborough College Marlborough College is a Public school (United Kingdom), public school (English Independent school (United Kingdom), independent boarding school) for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. Founded in 1843 for the sons of Church ...

and

Keble College, Oxford Keble College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its main buildings are on Parks Road, opposite the University Museum and the University Parks. The college is bordered to the north by Keble Road, to th ...

; he graduated with second-class honours in Literae Humaniores ('Greats') in 1881. His younger brother

Edward Edward is an English given name. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements '' ēad'' "wealth, fortune; prosperous" and '' weard'' "guardian, protector”. History The name Edward was very popular in Anglo-Sa ...

and his nephew (Edward's son) Arthur were both priests who became

Archdeacons of Hereford An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that of most ...

. Another nephew of his was Reginald Pepys Winnington-Ingram, a scholar of

Greek tragedy Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Greek inhabited Anatolia. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy. Greek tragedy is widely believed t ...

and Professor of Greek at King's College, London. He was a private tutor in Europe, 1881–84; curate at St Mary's, Shrewsbury, 1884–85; private chaplain to the Bishop of Lichfield, 1885–89; head of Oxford House Settlement, Bethnal Green 1889–97, chaplain to the Archbishop of York, 1889; rector of

St Matthew's, Bethnal Green St Matthew's, Bethnal Green, is an 18th-century church in Bethnal Green, London, England. It is an Anglican church in the Diocese of London. History of the building The church was built 1743–46, to a Classical design by George Dance the Elder. ...

, 1895; rural dean of

Spitalfields Spitalfields is a district in the East End of London and within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The area is formed around Commercial Street (on the A1202 London Inner Ring Road) and includes the locale around Brick Lane, Christ Church, ...

, 1896; and canon of

St Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grad ...

, 1897.

Episcopal career

In 1897, Winnington-Ingram was raised to the episcopate as the second

suffragan A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations. In the Anglican Communion, a suffragan bishop is a bishop who is subordinate to a metropolitan bishop or diocesan bishop (bishop ordinary) and so is not normally jurisdictiona ...

Bishop of Stepney. In 1901, after the death of Mandell Creighton, he was nominated to the

See of London The Diocese of London forms part of the Church of England's Province of Canterbury in England. It lies directly north of the Thames. For centuries the diocese covered a vast tract and bordered the dioceses of Norwich and Lincoln to the north ...

, and he was in the same year appointed as a Privy Counsellor. As a preacher he proved very successful. He was a leader in social work in London's

East End The East End of London, often referred to within the London area simply as the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London and north of the River Thames. It does not have uni ...

. As an administrator he has been judged inefficient in maintaining standards among the clergy in comparison with his disciplinarian-minded successor Geoffrey Fisher, a feature aggravated by his lengthy tenure.

First World War

During the First World War Winnington-Ingram threw himself into supporting the war effort. He saw the war as a "great crusade to defend the weak against the strong" and accepted uncritically stories of German atrocities. For a clergyman the language he used about the German people verged on xenophobia and H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister at the outbreak of the war, described his pitch as "jingoism of the shallowest kind". He spoke in aid of recruiting drives and later in the war urged his younger clergy to consider enlisting as combatants. Chaplain from 1901 to the London Rifle Brigade and London Royal Naval Volunteers, he visited the troops on both the

Western Front Western Front or West Front may refer to: Military frontiers *Western Front (World War I), a military frontier to the west of Germany *Western Front (World War II), a military frontier to the west of Germany *Western Front (Russian Empire), a majo ...

and at Salonika, and the Grand Fleet at Rosyth and

Scapa Flow Scapa Flow viewed from its eastern end in June 2009 Scapa Flow (; ) is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, sheltered by the islands of Mainland, Graemsay, Burray,S. C. George, ''Jutland to Junkyard'', 1973. South Ronaldsay and ...

.Article by

Jeremy Morris Jeremy Nigel Morris (born 22 January 1960) is a British historian, Church of England priest and academic. He specialises in church history. From 2014 to 2021, he was Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Previously, he was Dean of Trinity Hall from ...

. A despatch from Field Marshal

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

portrayed Winnington-Ingram's visit to the Western Front; "The Bishop held several services virtually under shell fire, and it was with difficulty that he could be prevented from carrying on his ministrations under rifle fire in the trenches." Such apparent derring-do and appeals to patriotism strengthened his reputation as a 'people's bishop'. Winnington-Ingram was renowned as a charismatic preacher and persuasive writer, and he was arguably better known and more influential than either of the archbishops. Examples of his persuasive vocabulary can be traced throughout the War in the monthly ''London Diocesan Magazine'', often quoted in the press: "Now, Jerusalem is a beautiful place, but England is far more beautiful", "We face possibly another year of war, but it is God’s War; it is War for peace; it is a War for all the things which are essential to lasting peace, freedom, respect for national aspirations, international honour and chivalry to the weak", "Great Britain has risen like a tower out of the deep and stands today higher in the opinion of the world than it has since Trafalgar and

Waterloo Waterloo most commonly refers to: * Battle of Waterloo, a battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat * Waterloo, Belgium, where the battle took place. Waterloo may also refer to: Other places Antarctica *King George Island (S ...

". For his war work he was

Mentioned in Despatches To be mentioned in dispatches (or despatches, MiD) describes a member of the armed forces whose name appears in an official report written by a superior officer and sent to the high command, in which their gallant or meritorious action in the face ...

and awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer ( Greece) and the Order of St Sava, 1st Class ( Serbia).

Later life and legacy

On 22 May 1946, Winnington-Ingram was taken ill while playing golf and he died a few days later on 26 May 1946 in Upton-upon-Severn, Worcestershire. His remains were buried at

. He never married, although while Bishop of Stepney he was briefly engaged to Lady Ulrica Duncombe, a friend of Queen Alexandra and daughter of William Ernest Duncombe, 1st Earl of Feversham of Ryedale and Mabel Violet Graham. Australian sculptor

Theodora Cowan Theodora Esther Cowan (Theo) (1868–1949) was an Australian artist, regarded as the first Australian-born woman sculptor. She was one of a number of women sculptors who were working at the end of the 19th century. Apart from being the first t ...

created a portrait bust of Dr Winnington-Ingram which "took pride of place" in her one-woman show at London's Grafton Galleries. He is commemorated in some of the street names in Hampstead Garden Suburb:

The Bishops Avenue The Bishops Avenue, London N2, connects the north side of Hampstead Heath at Kenwood (Hampstead Lane), Hampstead to East Finchley and is on the boundary between the London Boroughs of Barnet and Haringey. It is considered to be one of the weal ...

, Winnington Road and Ingram Avenue; and Bishop Winnington-Ingram Primary School, Ruislip. A wide public was familiar with Winnington-Ingram through numerous illustrations of various kinds, including cartoons; the

National Portrait Gallery National Portrait Gallery may refer to: *National Portrait Gallery (Australia), in Canberra *National Portrait Gallery (Sweden), in Mariefred *National Portrait Gallery (United States), in Washington, D.C. *National Portrait Gallery, London, with s ...

catalogues a collection of fifty-three portraits. There is a portrait in Keble College Hall.

Works

Unless otherwise indicated, all titles sourced from his sketch in ''Crockford's Clerical Directory 1938'': *''Old Testament Difficulties'' (1890) *''New Testament Difficulties'' (1892) *''Church Difficulties'' (1893) *''Work in Great Cities'' (1895) *''Messengers, Watchmen, Stewards'' (1896) *''The Men Who Crucified Christ'' (1896) *''Friends of the Master'' (1897) *''Banners of the Christian Faith'' (1899) *''Popular Objections to Christianity'' (1899) *''The Afterglow of a Great Reign'' (1901) *''Under the Dome'' (1902) *''Addresses in Holy Week'' (1902) *''Faith of Church and Nation'' (1904) *''Lenten Addresses'' (1905) *''The Gospel in Action'' (1906) *''A mission of the Spirit'' (1906) *''The Call of the Father'' (1907) *''The Love of the Trinity'' (1908) *''Joy in God'' (1909) *''Into the Fighting Line'' (1909) *''The Mysteries of God'' (1910) *''Secrets of Strength'' (1911) *''The Attractiveness of Goodness'' (1913) *''The Gospel of the Miraculous'' (1913) *''A Day of God'' (1914) *''The Eyes of Flames'' (1914) *''The Church in time of war'' (1915) *''The Potter and the Clay'' (1917) *''Rays of Dawn'' (1918) *''Victory and After'' (1919) *''Spirit of Peace'' (1921) *''Rebuilding the Walls'' (1922) *''The Spirit of Jesus'' (1925) *''The Sword of Goliath'' (1926) *''Some World Problems'' (1927) *''Holiday Recollections of a World Tour'' (1928) *''Why am I a Christian?'' (1929) *''Good News from God'' (1930) *''What the Cross Means to Me'' (1934) *''Has God spoken to man?'' (1934) *''Has the Kingdom of God Arrived?'' (1935) *''Nine Christian Virtues'' (1936) *''Every Man's Problems and Difficulties'' (1937) *''What a Layman Should Believe'' (1938) *''The Secrets of Happiness'' (1939) *''Fifty Years' Work in London'' (1940) * ''Secrets of Fortitude'' (1940)

References

* Spencer Cecil Carpenter, ''Winnington-Ingram. The biography of Arthur Foley Winnington-Ingram, Bishop of London, 1901-1939'' (1949) *Percy Colson, ''Life of the Bishop of London: An Authorised Biography; A Tribute on His Jubilee 1885-1935'' (1935)

External links

* * *
Bibliographic directory
from

Project Canterbury Project Canterbury (sometimes abbreviated as PC) is an online archive of material related to the history of Anglicanism. It was founded by Richard Mammana, Jr. in 1999 with a grant from Episcopal Church Presiding Bishop Frank T. Griswold, and is ho ...

DNB entry
{{DEFAULTSORT:Winnington-Ingram, Arthur 1858 births 1946 deaths 19th-century Church of England bishops 20th-century Church of England bishops Alumni of Keble College, Oxford Bishops of London Bishops of Stepney Burials at St Paul's Cathedral Deans of the Chapel Royal English military chaplains Grand Crosses of the Order of St. Sava Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom People educated at Marlborough College People from Fulham People from Malvern Hills District Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers Royal Navy chaplains World War I chaplains