Arthur Bauchop
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Arthur Bauchop, (1 February 1871 – 10 August 1915) was an officer in the
New Zealand Military Forces The New Zealand Army (, ) is the principal Army, land warfare force of New Zealand, a component of the New Zealand Defence Force alongside the Royal New Zealand Navy and the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Formed in 1845, as the New Zealand Mil ...
who served in the
Second Boer War The Second Boer War (, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Transvaal War, Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and ...
and the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. He commanded the Otago Mounted Rifles during the Gallipoli campaign, and died of wounds received during the
Battle of Chunuk Bair The Battle of Chunuk Bair () was a World War I battle fought between the Ottoman defenders and troops of the British Empire over control of the peak in August 1915. The capture of Chunuk Bair, ( Basin Slope, now ''Conk Bayırı''), the secondar ...
.


Early life

Born on 27 February 1870 in
Port Chalmers Port Chalmers () is a town serving as the main port of the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. Port Chalmers lies ten kilometres inside Otago Harbour, some 15 kilometres northeast of Dunedin's city centre. History Early Māori settlement The or ...
, near
Dunedin Dunedin ( ; ) is the second-most populous city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from ("fort of Edin"), the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of S ...
in New Zealand, Arthur Bauchop was the son of Robert Bauchop, a sawmiller, and his wife Maria. He was schooled locally, at Port Chalmers District High School, and then went onto
Otago Boys' High School Otago Boys' High School (OBHS) is a secondary school in Dunedin, New Zealand. It is one of New Zealand's oldest boys' secondary schools. Originally known as Dunedin High School, it was founded on 3 August 1863 and moved to its present site in 18 ...
. He was athletically inclined, participating in long-distance running and playing
rugby union Rugby union football, commonly known simply as rugby union in English-speaking countries and rugby 15/XV in non-English-speaking world, Anglophone Europe, or often just rugby, is a Contact sport#Terminology, close-contact team sport that orig ...
. He served in the militia, as a member of the Port Chalmers Naval Artillery and in 1898 enlisted in the Garrison Artillery.


South Africa

The
Second Boer War The Second Boer War (, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Transvaal War, Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and ...
arose from tensions between the Boer South African Republic and the British authorities in the
Transvaal Transvaal is a historical geographic term associated with land north of (''i.e.'', beyond) the Vaal River in South Africa. A number of states and administrative divisions have carried the name ''Transvaal''. * South African Republic (1856–1902; ...
of South Africa over control of the region. In September 1899, just prior to the commencement of hostilities, New Zealand's Parliament offered the British Government a
mounted rifles Mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching. Unlike cavalry, mounted infantry dismounted to fight on foot. The original dragoons were essentially mounted infantry. According to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Editio ...
contingent from the
New Zealand Military Forces The New Zealand Army (, ) is the principal Army, land warfare force of New Zealand, a component of the New Zealand Defence Force alongside the Royal New Zealand Navy and the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Formed in 1845, as the New Zealand Mil ...
for service in South Africa, which was accepted. Three contingents had been dispatched to South Africa by the end of the year. Bauchop volunteered to join the Fourth Contingent raised for service in the war. Made a
lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a Junior officer, junior commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations, as well as fire services, emergency medical services, Security agency, security services ...
, he and the rest of the contingent, nicknamed the "Rough Riders", left New Zealand in March 1900 and landed in
Portuguese East Africa Portuguese Mozambique () or Portuguese East Africa () were the common terms by which Mozambique was designated during the period in which it was a Portuguese Empire, Portuguese overseas province. Portuguese Mozambique originally constituted a str ...
the following month. The contingent were deployed as part of the Rhodesian Field Force around
Mafeking Mahikeng (Tswana for "Place of Rocks"), formerly known as Mafikeng and alternatively known as Mafeking (, ), is the capital city of the North West province of South Africa. Close to South Africa's border with Botswana, Mafikeng is northeast o ...
. Aside from a brief action at
Ottoshoop Ottoshoop is one of the small towns in the Mahikeng Local Municipality in the North West Province of South Africa, situated 20km from the city of Mahikeng on the way to the town of Zeerust. Residents serve the scanty needs of a few locals, underw ...
in August, the Rough Riders spent the majority of their war service in the
Transvaal Transvaal is a historical geographic term associated with land north of (''i.e.'', beyond) the Vaal River in South Africa. A number of states and administrative divisions have carried the name ''Transvaal''. * South African Republic (1856–1902; ...
, carrying out reconnaissance patrols and pursuing
Boer Boers ( ; ; ) are the descendants of the proto Afrikaans-speaking Free Burghers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. From 1652 to 1795, the Dutch East India Company controlled the Dutch ...
commando A commando is a combatant, or operative of an elite light infantry or special operations force, specially trained for carrying out raids and operating in small teams behind enemy lines. Originally, "a commando" was a type of combat unit, as oppo ...
s. As part of the effort to deprive the Boers of resources, they also helped to destroy crops and round up civilians and cattle, during which they occasionally skirmished with armed commandos. Bauchop was twice
mentioned in despatches To be mentioned in dispatches (or despatches) describes a member of the armed forces whose name appears in an official report written by a superior officer and sent to the high command, in which their gallant or meritorious action in the face of t ...
during this time. In June 1901 the "Rough Riders" returned to New Zealand but Bauchop stayed in South Africa to serve with the Seventh Contingent, which had just arrived in the country. By the end of the war in South Africa, he had attained the rank of
major Major most commonly refers to: * Major (rank), a military rank * Academic major, an academic discipline to which an undergraduate student formally commits * People named Major, including given names, surnames, nicknames * Major and minor in musi ...
and in recognition of his services was made a
Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George, Prince of Wales (the future King George IV), while he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George I ...
. After his return from South Africa, Bauchop sought a career as a professional soldier and was duly appointed to the New Zealand Permanent Militia. He commanded the Canterbury Military District from 1904 to 1906, during which time he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then commanded the Wellington Military District from 1906 to 1910. When the
New Zealand Staff Corps The New Zealand Staff Corps was a corps of professional officers in the regular New Zealand Military Forces which, in peacetime, administered the Territorial Force. During the First and Second World Wars, many members of the corps commanded batta ...
was formed in 1911, he was transferred to that formation. The following year, he attended the Staff College at
Camberley Camberley is a town in north-west Surrey, England, around south-west of central London. It is in the Surrey Heath, Borough of Surrey Heath and is close to the county boundaries with Hampshire and Berkshire. Known originally as "Cambridge Tow ...
in England but scored poorly on tests and was returned to New Zealand. He was appointed commander of the Otago Military District in July 1912.


First World War

On the outbreak of the First World War, Bauchop was seconded to the
New Zealand Expeditionary Force The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) was the title of the military forces sent from New Zealand to fight alongside other British Empire and Dominion troops during World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Ultimately, the NZE ...
(NZEF) and made commanding officer of the Otago Mounted Rifles (OMR). Bauchop was not happy with the posting; Major General
Alexander Godley General (United Kingdom), General Sir Alexander John Godley, (4 February 1867 – 6 March 1957) was a senior British Army officer. He is best known for his role as commander of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force and II Anzac Corps during the ...
, the commander of the NZEF, had overlooked him for the more important position as commander of the Mounted Rifles Brigade. Godley considered that Bauchop's administrative skills were insufficient for the needs of a brigade command. The OMR was a separate regiment of mounted rifles that was to be under divisional control. The main body of the NZEF departed New Zealand in mid-October 1914, destined for the Middle East. For the mounted units, much of the voyage was spent caring for their horses, of which there were over 3,800. Once they had arrived at
Alexandria Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...
, in Egypt, in December 1914, the troops of the NZEF expected to continue onto Europe after a period of training. However, in early April 1915, military planners in London decided that the NZEF would be part of the Allied forces that would open up a new front in the Middle East, by landing on the
Gallipoli Peninsula The Gallipoli Peninsula (; ; ) is located in the southern part of East Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles strait to the east. Gallipoli is the Italian form of the Greek name (), meaning ' ...
. Although some of the OMR were originally attached to the forces allocated to the
landing at Anzac Cove The landing at Anzac Cove on Sunday, 25 April 1915, also known as the landing at Gaba Tepe and, to the Turks, as the Arıburnu Battle, was part of the amphibious invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula by the forces of the British Empire, which ...
on 25 April, their orders were cancelled. It was not until May that the OMR were landed, sans horses, at Gallipoli. The regiment manned the line at No. 1 and 2 Outposts, replacing the
Canterbury Mounted Rifles The Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment was a mounted infantry regiment from New Zealand, raised for service during the First World War. It was assigned to the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, and formed part of the New Zealand Expeditiona ...
which was involved in an attack on the Turkish position at Rhododendron Ridge at the end of the month. He was wounded on 15 July but was quickly back in the frontlines. In August, the OMR was involved in the
Battle of Chunuk Bair The Battle of Chunuk Bair () was a World War I battle fought between the Ottoman defenders and troops of the British Empire over control of the peak in August 1915. The capture of Chunuk Bair, ( Basin Slope, now ''Conk Bayırı''), the secondar ...
during which it was tasked with attacking a spur between the hills of Aghyl Dere and Chailak Dere that led up to the prominent hill of Chunuk Bair. On the night of 6 August, Bauchop led a party up the slopes and secured the position. After ordering the establishment of a defensive line, he and his men fended off a number of counterattacks mounted by the Turkish forces. On daybreak he was shot by a sniper while he was shouting encouragement to his men. Mortally wounded, he was evacuated to the beaches and taken aboard a hospital ship. He died on 10 August 1915 and was buried at sea. General Ian Hamilton, on reporting Bauchop's death to the New Zealand government, noted that he and a battalion commander of the NZEF also killed at Chunuk Bair, were "first-class soldiers and real leaders in the field". Bauchop was posthumously mentioned in despatches in November 1915. Having no known grave, he is remembered on the Lone Pine Memorial at the
Lone Pine Cemetery Lone Pine Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery dating from World War I in the former Anzac sector of the Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey and the location of the Lone Pine Memorial, one of five memorials on the peninsula which co ...
in Gallipoli. He was survived by his wife and child. The elongate spur between Aghyl Dere and Chailak Dere where Bauchop received his fatal wounds was known to those serving at ANZAC Cove as Bauchop's Hill.


Notes


References

* * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Bauchop, Arthur 1871 births 1915 deaths New Zealand Army officers New Zealand military personnel killed in World War I New Zealand military personnel of the Second Boer War New Zealand Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George People educated at Otago Boys' High School People from Port Chalmers New Zealand Military Forces personnel of World War I Military personnel from Dunedin