''Arthrophyllum'' is a defunct

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of plants in the family

Araliaceae The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely ...

.Gregory M. Plunkett, Jun Wen, Porter P. Lowry II, Murray J. Henwood, Pedro Fiaschi, and Anthony D. Mitchell. accepted, undated. Araliaceae, pages ??. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor); ?? (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume ??. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN ?? It was recognized by most

authors In legal discourse, an author is the creator of an original work that has been published, whether that work exists in written, graphic, visual, or recorded form. The act of creating such a work is referred to as authorship. Therefore, a sculpt ...

until 2010, when all of its 30

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

were "sunk" into ''

Polyscias ''Polyscias'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. They bear pinnately compound leaves. In 2003, a checklist and nomenclator was published for Araliaceae.David G. Frodin and Rafaël Govaerts. 2003. ''World Checklist and Bibl ...

'' subgenus ''Arthrophyllum''.Porter P. Lowry II and Gregory M. Plunkett. 2010. "Recircumscription of ''Polyscias'' (Araliaceae) to include six related genera, with a new infrageneric classification and a synopsis of species". ''

Plant Diversity and Evolution This is a list of academic journals, monographic series Monographic series (alternatively, monographs in series) are scholarly and scientific books released in successive volumes, each of which is structured like a separate book or scholarly mo ...

'' (formerly ''Botanische Jahrbucher'') 128(1-2):55-84. . (See ''External links'' below). ''Arthrophyllum'' is mostly a genus of

shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

s and small to medium

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...

s, but it contains a few large trees, and in

New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...

, a few

liana A liana is a long-Plant stem, stemmed Woody plant, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the Canopy (biology), canopy in search of direct sunlight. T ...

s, as well. They are noted for their large and apparently leafy

inflorescence In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a mai ...

s, up to across. The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...

is 1-

seed In botany, a seed is a plant structure containing an embryo and stored nutrients in a protective coat called a ''testa''. More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be Sowing, sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber. Seeds ...

ed and the

ovary The ovary () is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova; when released, an ovum travels through the fallopian tube/ oviduct into the uterus. There is an ovary on the left and the right side of the body. The ovaries are end ...

is unilocular.David G. Frodin and Rafaël Govaerts. 2003. ''World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. . (See ''External links'' below). The genus is

indigenous Indigenous may refer to: *Indigenous peoples *Indigenous (ecology) In biogeography, a native species is indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often populari ...

to Indomalesia and

island An island or isle is a piece of land, distinct from a continent, completely surrounded by water. There are continental islands, which were formed by being split from a continent by plate tectonics, and oceanic islands, which have never been ...

s of the southwestern

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is bounded by the cont ...

.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. . (See ''External links'' below). The most widespread and variable of the species is '' Polyscias jackiana'' (formerly ''Arthrophyllum jackianum''). Until 2003, it was usually treated as

conspecific Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species. Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that "Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organism ...

with '' Polyscias diversifolia''. The

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

species '' Polyscias macranthum'' can occasionally become quite large and is locally used for

lumber Lumber is wood that has been processed into uniform and useful sizes (dimensional lumber), including beams and planks or boards. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as finishing (floors, wall panels, window frames). ...

. The four species from New Caledonia were once placed in a separate genus, ''Eremopanax'', distinguished by seeds containing smooth

endosperm The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following double fertilization. It is triploid (meaning three chromosome sets per nucleus) in most species, which may be auxin-driven. It surrounds the Embryo#Pla ...

, versus ruminate endosperm for ''Arthrophyllum''. It was later determined that this

character Character or Characters may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''Character'' (novel), a 1936 Dutch novel by Ferdinand Bordewijk * ''Characters'' (Theophrastus), a classical Greek set of character sketches attributed to Theoph ...

does not clearly distinguish the two genera, and they were united under ''Arthrophyllum'' by William Raymond Philipson in 1978, bringing the total number of species up to about 30.William R. Philipson. 1978. "The Identity of ''Arthrophyllum'' and ''Eremopanax'' (Araliaceae)". ''Adansonia'' (series 2) 17(3):329-333. For ''Arthrophyllum'' in New Caledonia, the taxonomic history is complex, because the species are not clearly distinct, and their

circumscription Circumscription may refer to: * Circumscribed circle * Circumscription (logic) *Circumscription (taxonomy) * Circumscription theory, a theory about the origins of the political state in the history of human evolution proposed by the American anthr ...

has varied greatly from one author to another. According to

Index Nominum Genericorum Index (: indexes or indices) may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities * Index (A Certain Magical Index), Index (''A Certain Magical Index''), a character in the light novel series ''A Certain Magical Index'' * The Index, a ...

, no

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

was ever designated for ''Arthrophyllum''.Index Nominum Genericorum. In:

Regnum Vegetabile The International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is an organization established to promote an understanding of plant biodiversity, facilitate international communication of research between botanists, and oversee matters of uniformity and ...

(see ''External links'' below). When the former genus ''Arthrophyllum'' became part of ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum in 2010, '' Polyscias diversifolia'' was designated as the

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...

for the

subgenus In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...

. ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum consists of all of the 30 species from the former genus ''Arthrophyllum'', all of the four species from the former genus ''Kissodendron'', and four species already placed in ''Polyscias''.

Species in ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum

The following species list is for ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum, and is taken from Lowry and Plunkett (2010). For some of the species, the

delimitation Electoral boundary delimitation (or simply boundary delimitation or delimitation) is the drawing of boundaries of electoral precincts and related divisions involved in elections, such as Federated state, states, counties or other municipalities ...

or the

specific epithet In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...

is different from that of

Frodin David Gamman Frodin (8 April 1940, Chicago – 12 August 2019, London, UK) was an American botanist, known as a leading expert on the flora of Papua New Guinea. (with eponyms, plant names authored by Frodin, & publication list) Biography His paren ...

and Govaerts (2003). These changes are explained below. The list in the taxobox is for the former genus ''Arthrophyllum'' and is from Frodin and Govaerts (2003). * '' Polyscias aherniana'' * '' Polyscias alternifolia'' * '' Polyscias angustifolia'' * '' Polyscias ashtonii'' * '' Polyscias australiana'' * '' Polyscias bellendenkerensis'' * '' Polyscias biforme'' * '' Polyscias bipinnata'' * '' Polyscias cenabrei'' * '' Polyscias collina'' * '' Polyscias disperma'' * '' Polyscias diversifolia'' * '' Polyscias elliptica'' * '' Polyscias engganoense'' * '' Polyscias havilandii'' * '' Polyscias jackiana'' * '' Polyscias kjellbergii'' * '' Polyscias lucens'' * '' Polyscias mackeei'' * '' Polyscias macranthum'' * '' Polyscias macrocarpa'' * '' Polyscias meliifolia'' * '' Polyscias montana'' * '' Polyscias otopyrena'' * '' Polyscias pacifica'' * '' Polyscias papyracea'' * '' Polyscias prolifera'' * '' Polyscias pulgarense'' * '' Polyscias revoluta'' * '' Polyscias royenii'' * '' Polyscias rubiginosa'' * '' Polyscias rufosepala'' * '' Polyscias schultzei'' * '' Polyscias stonei'' * '' Polyscias thailandica'' * ''

Polyscias vieillardii ''Polyscias'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. They bear pinnately compound leaves. In 2003, a checklist and nomenclator was published for Araliaceae.David G. Frodin and Rafaël Govaerts. 2003. ''World Checklist and Bibl ...

'' * '' Polyscias willmottii'' * ''

Polyscias zippeliana ''Polyscias'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. They bear pinnately compound leaves. In 2003, a checklist and nomenclator was published for Araliaceae.David G. Frodin and Rafaël Govaerts. 2003. ''World Checklist and Bibl ...

History

The genus ''Arthrophyllum'' was named by

Carl Ludwig von Blume Charles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume (9 June 1796 – 3 February 1862) was a German-Dutch botanist and entomologist who spent most of his professional life in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. As deputy director of agricultu ...

in 1826''Arthrophyllum'' in

International Plant Names Index The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) describes itself as "a database of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of seed plants, ferns and lycophytes." Coverage of plant names is best at the rank of species and genus. It inclu ...

. (see ''External links'' below). in his

classic A classic is an outstanding example of a particular style; something of Masterpiece, lasting worth or with a timeless quality; of the first or Literary merit, highest quality, class, or rank – something that Exemplification, exemplifies its ...

:es:Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië.Carl Ludwig von Blume. 1826. ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië'' 15:878. (See ''External links'' below). The

name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A person ...

is derived from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

''arthron'', "a joint" and ''phyllon'', "a leaf".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'' volume I. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. (vol. I). (see ''External links'' below). In 1977, William R. Philipson transferred two

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

n species, ''Polyscias bellendenkerensis'' and ''Polyscias willmottii'' into ''Polyscias'' from '' Pentapanax''.William R. Philipson. 1977. "The deletion of ''Pentapanax'' Seem. from the flora of Australia". ''Austrobaileya'' 1(1):24. He found the distinction between ''Arthrophyllum'' and ''Eremopanax'' to be

artificial Artificiality (the state of being artificial, anthropogenic, or man-made) is the state of being the product of intentional human manufacture, rather than occurring naturally through processes not involving or requiring human activity. Connotati ...

, and in 1978, he united the two genera under the name ''Arthrophyllum''. In 1979, he covered

for

Flora Malesiana ''Flora Malesiana'' is a multi-volume flora describing the vascular plants of Malesia (the biogeographical region consisting of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea), published by the National Herbarium of t ...

.William R. Philipson. 1979. "Araliaceae" In: ''Flora Malesiana'', series 1, volume 9, part 1: 1-105. (part 1). (See ''External links'' below). In 1995, he covered Araliaceae, except ''

Schefflera ''Schefflera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae with 13 species native to New Zealand and some Pacific islands. The genus is named in honor of , physician and botanist of Gdańsk, and later of Warsaw, who contributed plan ...

'', for a

flora Flora (: floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous (ecology), indigenous) native plant, native plants. The corresponding term for animals is ''fauna'', and for f ...

of New Guinea.William R. Philipson. 1995. "Araliaceae (excluding ''Schefflera'')". In: Barry J. Conn (editor). ''Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea'', volume III: 1-48. . His treatment of ''Arthrophyllum'' was largely followed in a

checklist A checklist is a type of job aid used in repetitive tasks to reduce failure by compensating for potential limits of human memory and attention. Checklists are used both to ensure that safety-critical system preparations are carried out completely ...

and nomenclator for Araliaceae that was compiled by Frodin and Govaerts in 2003. Frodin and Govaerts recognized 30 species in ''Arthrophyllum''. They were not able to determine what Philipson had intended by the name ''Arthrophyllum maingayi'', one of the 17 species that he described for

. No known

specimen Specimen may refer to: Science and technology * Sample (material), a limited quantity of something which is intended to be similar to and represent a larger amount * Biological specimen or biospecimen, an organic specimen held by a biorepository f ...

living Living or The Living may refer to: Common meanings *Life, a condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic objects and dead organisms ** Living species, one that is not extinct *Personal life, the course of an individual human's life * ...

or preserved, are known to match Philipson's

description Description is any type of communication that aims to make vivid a place, object, person, group, or other physical entity. It is one of four rhetorical modes (also known as ''modes of discourse''), along with exposition, argumentation, and narr ...

. In 2010, a

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study Study or studies may refer to: General * Education **Higher education * Clinical trial * Experiment * Field of study * Observational study * Scientific study * Research * Study skills, abilities and approaches applied to learning Other * Study ...

of the

pinnate Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, and ...

Araliaceae showed that they could not be divided into genera that could easily be

distinguished In law, to distinguish a case means a court decides the holding or legal reasoning of a precedent case that will not apply due to materially different facts between the two cases. Two formal constraints constrain the later court: the expressed r ...

morphologically.Gregory M. Plunkett and Porter P. Lowry II. 2010. "Paraphyly and polyphyly in ''Polyscias'' sensu lato: molecular evidence and the case for recircumscribing the "pinnate genera" of Araliaceae". ''Plant Diversity and Evolution'' (formerly ''Botanische Jahrbucher'') 128(1-2):23-54. . Uncertainties remain about the

taxonomy image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...

of this group because of a large number of unpublished species and species of uncertain affinities that have never been sampled for DNA. For these reasons, all of the pinnate Araliaceae were assigned to ''Polyscias'', thereby subsuming six genera (''Arthrophyllum'', '' Cuphocarpus'', '' Gastonia'', '' Reynoldsia'', '' Munroidendron'', and '' Tetraplasandra'') into ''

'' and increasing the number of species in that genus from about 100 to 159. Lowry and Plunkett (2010) divided the expanded ''Polyscias'' (Polyscias

sensu lato ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...

) into 11 subgenera: ''

'', '' Grotefendia'', '' Maralia'', ''Arthrophyllum'', '' Cuphocarpus'', '' Tetraplasandra'', '' Eupteron'', '' Sciadopanax'', '' Tieghemopanax'', '' Indokingia'', and '' Palmervandenbroekia''. All of these had been genus names at one time or another. Two of them are often misspelled as "Grotenfendia" and "Palmervandenbrockia". Spelling can be checked at

, or

Tropicos Tropicos is an online botanical database containing taxonomic information on plants, mainly from the Neotropical realm ( Central, and South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Sou ...

(See ''External links'' below). ''Polyscias'' subgenus ''Arthrophyllum'' consists of 30 species from the former genus ''Arthrophyllum'', combined with the four species that were in ''Kissodendron'' (''Polyscias bellendenkerensis, P. bipinnata, P. australiana,'' and ''P. disperma''), and four species that Frodin and Govaerts had placed in ''Polyscias'' (''Polyscias royenii, P. schultzei, P. willmottii,'' and ''P. zippeliana''). Thus ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum comprises 38 species. The circumscription of ''Kissodendron'' and its division into species has varied considerably. Frodin and Govaerts (2003) recognized only three species: ''K. bellendenkeriensis, K. bipinnata,'' and ''K. australiana''. Lowry and Plunkett (2010) recognized these three, but placed them in ''Polyscias'' and split ''P. australiana'', recognizing ''P. disperma'' as a separate species. Philipson (1979) had included ''P. royenii, P. schultzei'' and ''P. zippeliana'' in his ''Polyscias''

section Section, Sectioning, or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

Kissodendron, but covered only the

Malesian Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in ...

species. Six

species name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, altho ...

s in ''Arthrophyllum'' could not be transferred to ''Polyscias'' with the same specific epithet because those epithets were already occupied in ''Polyscias'' by the following species: ''Polyscias balansae'' (subgenus Tieghemopanax), ''Polyscias borneensis'' (subgenus Tetraplasandra), ''Polyscias crassa'' (subgenus Indokingia), ''Polyscias ferruginea'' (=''

Polyscias fulva ''Polyscias fulva'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It fo ...

'') (subgenus Sciadopanax), ''Polyscias grandifolia'' (=''Polyscias macgillivrayi'') (subgenus Polyscias), and ''Polyscias javanica'' (subgenus Polyscias). Because of the existence of these names in ''Polyscias'', ''Arthrophyllum borneense'' was transferred to ''Polyscias'' as ''Polyscias aherniana''. Philipson had used the name ''Arthrophyllum ahernianum'' for this species. ''Arthrophyllum crassum'' was renamed as ''Polyscias revoluta''. ''Arthrophyllum ferrugineum'' became ''Polyscias thailandica'' and ''Arthrophyllum javanicum'' became ''Polyscias elliptica''. The taxonomic history of the New Caledonian members of ''Polyscias'' subgenus Arthrophyllum is complex. Ten valid species names and a

nomen nudum In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published ...

have been

published Publishing is the activities of making information, literature, music, software, and other content, physical or digital, available to the public for sale or free of charge. Traditionally, the term publishing refers to the creation and distribu ...

in ''Arthrophyllum'' for this group. Philipson recognized only three species, treating eight of the species names as

synonyms A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

for ''Arthrophyllum otopyrenum''. Frodin and Govaerts treated five of these eight names as a fourth species, ''Arthrophyllum balansae''. Lowry and Plunkett (2010) split ''Arthrophyllum balansae'', transferring four of these names to ''Polyscias'' as part of ''Polyscias vieillardii''. The fifth name, ''Arthrophyllum grandifolium'', was transferred to ''Polyscias'' as ''Polyscias mackeei''. The only other change of species circumscription by Lowry and Plunkett (2010) was the splitting of ''Polyscias australiana''. They raised one of its

subspecies In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (Morphology (biology), morpholog ...

to the

rank A rank is a position in a hierarchy. It can be formally recognized—for example, cardinal, chief executive officer, general, professor—or unofficial. People Formal ranks * Academic rank * Corporate title * Diplomatic rank * Hierarchy ...

of species as ''Polyscias disperma''.

References

Sources

Gregory M. Plunkett, Jun Wen, Porter P. Lowry II, Murray J. Henwood, Pedro Fiaschi, and Anthony D. Mitchell. accepted, undated. Araliaceae, pages ??. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor); ?? (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume ??. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN ??

External links

Lowry & Plunkett.2010Hawaii BarcodingUniversity of Hawaii at Hilo

World Checklist and Bibliography of AraliaceaeWorld ChecklistskewbooksKew Gardens

''Arthrophyllum''Mabberley's Plant-Book

''Grotefendia''''Palmervandenbroekia''Index Nominum GenericorumResearch and CollectionsSmithsonian National Museum of Natural History

''Arthrophyllum''GrotefendiaPalmervandenbroekiaPlant NamesIPNI

''Arthrophyllum''
And''Grotefendia''
And''Palmervandenbroekia''
At:Names
At:Tropicos
At:Science and Conservation
At:Missouri Botanical Garden

''Arthrophyllum'', page 878parts 13-17Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch IndiëBlume, Karl Ludwig, 1796-1862BAuthorsBHL

CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C
At:Botany & Plant Science
At:Life Science
At:CRC Press

Flora Malesiana home page

''Arthrophyllum''
At:List of Genera
At:Araliaceae
At:List of families
At:Families and Genera in GRIN
At:Queries
At:GRIN taxonomy for plants

subgenus Arthrophyllum''Polyscias''AraliaceaeApiineaeApiales
In: ···Embryophyta
At:Streptophytina
At:Streptophyta
At:Viridiplantae
At:Eukaryota
At:Taxonomy
At:UniProt
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2076432 Apiales genera Historically recognized angiosperm genera Polyscias