An arsinide, arsanide, dihydridoarsenate(1−) or arsanyl compound is a chemical derivative of

arsine Arsine (IUPAC name: arsane) is an inorganic compound with the formula As H3. This flammable, pyrophoric, and highly toxic pnictogen hydride gas is one of the simplest compounds of arsenic. Despite its lethality, it finds some applications in th ...

, where one hydrogen atom is replaced with a metal or

cation An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convent ...

. The arsinide ion has formula . It can be considered as a ligand with name or arsanido. Few chemists study arsanyl compounds, as they are both toxic and unstable. The IUPAC names are arsanide and dihydridoarsenate(1−). For the ligand the name is arsanido. The neutral group is termed arsanyl.

Formation

Alkali metal The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, ''natrium'' and ''kalium''; these are still the origins of the names ...

arsinides can form by bubbling arsine through a

liquid ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pungent smell. It is widely used in fertilizers, ...

solution of alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or

alkaline earth metal The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group (periodic table), group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).. The elements have very similar p ...

such as calcium. Arsinides are also formed when arsine reacts with thin layers of alkali metals. The arsine may reduce some compounds to metals, so for example an attempt to make an indium arsinide results in metallic indium.

Reactions

When heated, metal hydrogen arsinide and metal dihydrogen arsinide compounds lose hydrogen to become a metal arsenide: : With lithium dihydrogen arsinide , it can also lose

to become dilithium hydrogen arsinide : : These reactions take place even at room temperature, and result in a discolouration of the original chemical. Sodium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with alkyl halides RX (where X = F, Cl, Br, I, and R is alkyl) to make dialkylarsine . Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with alkyl halides to make trialkylarsine . Sodium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with

diethyl carbonate Diethyl carbonate (sometimes abbreviated DEC) is an ester of carbonic acid and ethanol with the formula OC(OCH2CH3)2. At room temperature (25 °C) diethyl carbonate is a colorless liquid with a low flash point. Diethyl carbonate is used as ...

to yield the 2-arsaethynolate ion, (analogous with

cyanate The cyanate ion is an anion with the chemical formula . It is a resonance of three forms: (61%) ↔ (30%) ↔ (4%). Cyanate is the derived anion of isocyanic acid, H−N=C=O, and its lesser tautomer cyanic acid (a.k.a. cyanol), H−O−C� ...

ion) which can be crystallised with the sodium ion and 18-crown-6. Arsinides react with water to yield arsine : : Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with

halobenzene Halobenzenes are a group of aryl halides consisting of a benzene ring with halogen atoms as substituents. This includes these groups of halobenzenes: * Fluorobenzenes *Chlorobenzenes * Bromobenzenes *Iodobenzenes Halobenzene may also refer to any ...

s , where X = Cl, Br, I (

chlorobenzene Chlorobenzene (abbreviated PhCl) is an aryl chloride and the simplest of the chlorobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one chlorine atom. Its chemical formula is C6H5Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent a ...

bromobenzene Bromobenzene is an aryl bromide and the simplest of the bromobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one bromine atom. Its chemical formula is . It is a colourless liquid although older samples can appear yellow. It is a reagent ...

iodobenzene Iodobenzene is an aryl iodide and the simplest of the iodobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one iodine atom. Its chemical formula is . It is useful as a synthetic intermediate in organic chemistry. It is a volatile colorles ...

) to produce

benzene Benzene is an Organic compound, organic chemical compound with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal Ring (chemistry), ring with one hyd ...

, tetraphenyldiarsine and

triphenylarsine Triphenylarsine is the chemical compound with the formula As(C6H5)3. This organoarsenic compound, often abbreviated As Ph3, is a colorless crystalline solid that is used as a ligand and a reagent in coordination chemistry and organic synthesis. The ...

. Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with a silyl halide, e.g. chlorosilane , producing trisilylarsine. Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with and a

crown ether In organic chemistry, crown ethers are cyclic chemical compounds that consist of a ring containing several ether groups (). The most common crown ethers are cyclic oligomers of ethylene oxide, the repeating unit being ethyleneoxy, i.e., . Impor ...

resulting in .

List

The hydrogen atoms in the arsinide anion may be substituted by organic or other groups which can then also produce ions, for example by methyl , like in potassium methyl arsinide (), or by trimethylsilyl . The doubly bonded ligand =AsH (or ) is called arsinidene.

References

{{Reflist Arsenic compounds Anions Hydrides

Formation

Reactions

List

Related

References