An array is a systematic arrangement of similar objects, usually in rows and columns.
Things called an array include:
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Music
* In
twelve-tone and
serial composition, the presentation of simultaneous twelve-tone sets such that the sums of their horizontal segments form a succession of twelve-tone
aggregates
*
Array mbira, a musical instrument
*
Spiral array model, a music pitch space
Science
Astronomy
A
telescope array
An astronomical interferometer or telescope array is a set of separate telescopes, mirror segments, or radio telescope antenna (radio), antennas that work together as a single telescope to provide higher resolution images of astronomical objects ...
, also called astronomical interferometer.
Biology
* Various kinds of multiple biological arrays called
microarray
A microarray is a multiplex (assay), multiplex lab-on-a-chip. Its purpose is to simultaneously detect the expression of thousands of biological interactions. It is a two-dimensional array on a Substrate (materials science), solid substrate—usu ...
s
* Visual feature array, a model for the visual cortex
Computer science
Generally, a collection of same type data items that can be selected by indices computed at run-time, including:
*
Array (data structure)
In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of ''elements'' (value (computer science), values or variable (programming), variables), of same memory size, each identified by at least one ''array index'' or ''key' ...
, an arrangement of items at equally spaced addresses in computer memory
*
Array (data type)
In computer science, array is a data type that represents a collection of ''elements'' (values or variables), each selected by one or more indices (identifying keys) that can be computed at run time during program execution. Such a collection i ...
, used in a programming language to specify a variable that can be indexed
*
Associative array
In computer science, an associative array, key-value store, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type that stores a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection. In math ...
, an abstract data structure model composed of key-value pairs, often implemented as a hash table or search tree
or various kinds of the above, such as:
*
Bit array
A bit array (also known as bitmask, bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement a simple set data structure. A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level par ...
or bit vector
*
Dynamic array
In computer science, a dynamic array, growable array, resizable array, dynamic table, mutable array, or array list is a random access, variable-size list data structure that allows elements to be added or removed. It is supplied with standard l ...
, allocated at run time
*
Jagged array
In computer science, a jagged array, also known as a ragged array or irregular array is an array data structure, array of arrays of which the member arrays can be of different lengths, producing rows of jagged edges when visualized as output. ...
, an array of arrays of which the member arrays can be of different lengths
*
Parallel array of records, with each field stored as a separate array
*
Sparse array
In numerical analysis and scientific computing, a sparse matrix or sparse array is a matrix in which most of the elements are zero. There is no strict definition regarding the proportion of zero-value elements for a matrix to qualify as sparse ...
, with most elements omitted, to store a sparse matrix
*
Variable-length array
In computer programming, a variable-length array (VLA), also called variable-sized or runtime-sized, is an array data structure whose length is determined at runtime, instead of at compile time. In the language C, the VLA is said to have a variab ...
or various related concepts:
*
Array programming
In computer science, array programming refers to solutions that allow the application of operations to an entire set of values at once. Such solutions are commonly used in computational science, scientific and engineering settings.
Modern program ...
, using matrix algebra notation in programs (not the same as array processing)
*
Array slicing
In computer programming, array slicing is an operation that extracts a subset of elements from an array and packages them as another array, possibly in a different dimension from the original.
Common examples of array slicing are extracting a ...
, the extraction of sub-arrays of an array
or also:
*
Global Arrays
Global Arrays, or GA, is the library developed by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for parallel computing. GA provides a friendly API for shared-memory programming on distributed-memory computers for multidimensional arrays. Th ...
, a library for parallel processing
*
Intel Array Visualizer
Intel Fortran Compiler, as part of Intel OneAPI HPC toolkit, is a group of Fortran compilers from Intel for Microsoft Windows, Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Overview
The compilers generate code for IA-32 and Intel 64 processors and certain non-Int ...
, a piece of scientific graphics software
Mathematics and statistics
* A
standard array in coding theory
* An array or
matrix (mathematics)
In mathematics, a matrix (: matrices) is a rectangle, rectangular array or table of numbers, symbol (formal), symbols, or expression (mathematics), expressions, with elements or entries arranged in rows and columns, which is used to represent ...
** a
Costas array
In mathematics, a Costas array can be regarded geometry, geometrically as a set of ''n'' points, each at the center of a square in an ''n''×''n'' square tiling such that each row or column contains only one point, and all of the ''n''(''n''& ...
** a
Monge array
In mathematics applied to computer science, Monge arrays, or Monge matrices, are mathematical objects named for their discoverer, the French mathematician Gaspard Monge.
An ''m''-by-''n'' matrix is said to be a ''Monge array'' if, for all \script ...
* A
holor
* In statistics, arrays are a name for some kinds of
:Experimental design
*
Intersection array
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a distance-regular graph is a regular graph such that for any two Vertex (graph theory), vertices and , the number of vertices at distance (graph theory), distance from and at distance from depends ...
a concept of category theory
Technology
Computing
*
Array data structure
In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of ''elements'' (value (computer science), values or variable (programming), variables), of same memory size, each identified by at least one ''array index'' or ''key' ...
, an arrangement of data in computer memory
*
Asynchronous array of simple processors
*
Disk array, such as the RAID
*
Gate array
A gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a semiconductor device fabrication, prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g. NAN ...
, including a
field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
*
ICL Distributed Array Processor
The Distributed Array Processor (DAP) produced by
International Computers Limited (ICL) was the world's first commercial
massively parallel computer. The original paper study was
complete in 1972 and building of the prototype began in 1974.
The fir ...
, an array processor for the ICL
* Integrated circuit packages:
**
Ball grid array
A ball grid array (BGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging (a chip carrier) used for integrated circuits. BGA packages are used to permanently mount devices such as microprocessors. A BGA can provide more interconnection pins than can be pu ...
**
pin grid array
**
land grid array
*
Processor array
*
Programmable Array Logic
Programmable Array Logic (PAL) is a family of programmable logic device semiconductors used to implement logic functions in digital circuits that was introduced by Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI) in March 1978. Introductory advertisement on ...
(PAL), a systematic way to implement Boolean functions
*
Reconfigurable datapath array, a flexible data processing architecture
*
Systolic array, a hardware architecture
*
Transistor array
Transistor arrays consist of two or more transistors on a common Wafer (electronics), substrate. Unlike more highly integrated circuits, the transistors can be used individually like discrete transistors. That is, the transistors in the array ar ...
, an integrated circuit
*
Video Graphics Array
Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a video display controller and accompanying de facto graphics standard, first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987, which became ubiquitous in the IBM PC compatible industry within three years. T ...
(VGA), a display adapter and many variants thereof
*
Wi-Fi array, a wireless networking device
Other technologies
*
Antenna array
An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antenna (radio), antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves. The individual antennas (called ''elements'') are usually connected to a s ...
*
Array gain, a telecommunications parameter
*
Array processing of multichannel signals (not to be confused with array programming)
*
Color filter array
In digital imaging, a color filter array (CFA), or color filter mosaic (CFM), is a mosaic of tiny color filters placed over the pixel sensors of an image sensor to capture color information.
The term is also used in reference to Electronic paper ...
, placed over an imaging array
*
Field emitter array
A field emitter array (FEA) is a particular form of field electron emission, large-area field electron source. FEAs are prepared on a silicon substrate by lithographic techniques similar to those used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. Th ...
, an electron source
*
Halbach array
A Halbach array () is a special arrangement of permanent magnets that augments the magnetic field on one side of the array while cancelling the field to near zero on the other side. This is achieved by having a spatially rotating pattern of magne ...
, an arrangement of magnets
*
Linear diode array
A Linear diode array is used for digitizing x-ray images. The LDA system consists of an array of photodiode modules. The diodes are laminated with a scintillation screen to create x-ray sensitive diodes. The scintillation screen converts the p ...
used in image scanners
*
Microphone array
A microphone array is any number of microphones operating in tandem. There are many applications:
* Systems for extracting voice input from ambient noise level, ambient noise (notably telephones, speech recognition systems, hearing aids)
* Sur ...
*
Parametric array A parametric array, in the field of acoustics, is a nonlinear transducer, transduction mechanism that generates narrow, nearly side lobe-free beams of low frequency sound, through the mixing and interaction of high frequency sound waves, effectively ...
of transducers
*
Phased-array optics
*
Photovoltaic array
*
Staring array
A staring array, also known as staring-plane array or focal-plane array (FPA), is an image sensor consisting of an array (typically rectangular) of light-sensing pixels at the focal plane of a lens. FPAs are used most commonly for imaging purpo ...
, an imaging sensor
*
Towed array sonar
A towed array sonar is a system of hydrophones towed behind a submarine or a surface ship on a cable. Trailing the hydrophones behind the vessel, on a cable that can be kilometers long, keeps the array's sensors away from the ship's own noise sou ...
Other
* A
Commission of Array, a commission for mustering a militia
*
ARRAY, an independent film distribution company
*
Array Networks, a computer networking company
*
Array Collective, a Belfast-based artist-activist collaborative project