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An array is a systematic arrangement of similar objects, usually in rows and columns. Things called an array include: {{TOC right


Music

* In
twelve-tone The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition. The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale ...
and serial composition, the presentation of simultaneous twelve-tone sets such that the sums of their horizontal segments form a succession of twelve-tone aggregates *
Array mbira The Array mbira is a handcrafted modern musical instrument with a unique harp- or bell-like sound. It is made in the United States by its inventor Bill Wesley and manufactured by Wesley with Patrick Hadley in San Diego, California, United States. ...
, a musical instrument *
Spiral array model In music theory, the spiral array model is an extended type of pitch space. A mathematical model involving concentric helices (an "array of spirals"), it represents human perceptions of pitch (music), pitches, chord (music), chords, and key (music ...
, a music pitch space


Science


Astronomy

A
telescope array An astronomical interferometer or telescope array is a set of separate telescopes, mirror segments, or radio telescope antenna (radio), antennas that work together as a single telescope to provide higher resolution images of astronomical objects ...
, also called astronomical interferometer.


Biology

* Various kinds of multiple biological arrays called
microarray A microarray is a multiplex (assay), multiplex lab-on-a-chip. Its purpose is to simultaneously detect the expression of thousands of biological interactions. It is a two-dimensional array on a Substrate (materials science), solid substrate—usu ...
s * Visual feature array, a model for the visual cortex


Computer science

Generally, a collection of same type data items that can be selected by indices computed at run-time, including: *
Array (data structure) In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of ''elements'' (value (computer science), values or variable (programming), variables), of same memory size, each identified by at least one ''array index'' or ''key' ...
, an arrangement of items at equally spaced addresses in computer memory *
Array (data type) In computer science, array is a data type that represents a collection of ''elements'' (values or variables), each selected by one or more indices (identifying keys) that can be computed at run time during program execution. Such a collection i ...
, used in a programming language to specify a variable that can be indexed *
Associative array In computer science, an associative array, key-value store, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type that stores a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection. In math ...
, an abstract data structure model composed of key-value pairs, often implemented as a hash table or search tree or various kinds of the above, such as: *
Bit array A bit array (also known as bitmask, bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement a simple set data structure. A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level par ...
or bit vector *
Dynamic array In computer science, a dynamic array, growable array, resizable array, dynamic table, mutable array, or array list is a random access, variable-size list data structure that allows elements to be added or removed. It is supplied with standard l ...
, allocated at run time *
Jagged array In computer science, a jagged array, also known as a ragged array or irregular array is an array data structure, array of arrays of which the member arrays can be of different lengths, producing rows of jagged edges when visualized as output. ...
, an array of arrays of which the member arrays can be of different lengths *
Parallel array In computing, a group of parallel arrays (also known as structure of arrays or SoA) is a form of implicit data structure that uses multiple arrays to represent a singular array of records. It keeps a separate, homogeneous data array for each fi ...
of records, with each field stored as a separate array *
Sparse array In numerical analysis and scientific computing, a sparse matrix or sparse array is a matrix in which most of the elements are zero. There is no strict definition regarding the proportion of zero-value elements for a matrix to qualify as sparse ...
, with most elements omitted, to store a sparse matrix *
Variable-length array In computer programming, a variable-length array (VLA), also called variable-sized or runtime-sized, is an array data structure whose length is determined at runtime, instead of at compile time. In the language C, the VLA is said to have a variab ...
or various related concepts: *
Array programming In computer science, array programming refers to solutions that allow the application of operations to an entire set of values at once. Such solutions are commonly used in computational science, scientific and engineering settings. Modern program ...
, using matrix algebra notation in programs (not the same as array processing) *
Array slicing In computer programming, array slicing is an operation that extracts a subset of elements from an array and packages them as another array, possibly in a different dimension from the original. Common examples of array slicing are extracting a ...
, the extraction of sub-arrays of an array or also: *
Global Arrays Global Arrays, or GA, is the library developed by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for parallel computing. GA provides a friendly API for shared-memory programming on distributed-memory computers for multidimensional arrays. Th ...
, a library for parallel processing *
Intel Array Visualizer Intel Fortran Compiler, as part of Intel OneAPI HPC toolkit, is a group of Fortran compilers from Intel for Microsoft Windows, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Overview The compilers generate code for IA-32 and Intel 64 processors and certain non-Int ...
, a piece of scientific graphics software


Mathematics and statistics

* A
standard array In coding theory, a standard array (or Slepian array) is a q^ by q^ array that lists all elements of a particular \mathbb_q^n vector space. Standard arrays are used to decode linear codes; i.e. to find the corresponding codeword for any received ...
in coding theory * An array or
matrix (mathematics) In mathematics, a matrix (: matrices) is a rectangle, rectangular array or table of numbers, symbol (formal), symbols, or expression (mathematics), expressions, with elements or entries arranged in rows and columns, which is used to represent ...
** a
Costas array In mathematics, a Costas array can be regarded geometry, geometrically as a set of ''n'' points, each at the center of a square in an ''n''×''n'' square tiling such that each row or column contains only one point, and all of the ''n''(''n''& ...
** a
Monge array In mathematics applied to computer science, Monge arrays, or Monge matrices, are mathematical objects named for their discoverer, the French mathematician Gaspard Monge. An ''m''-by-''n'' matrix is said to be a ''Monge array'' if, for all \script ...
* A
holor Parry Hiram Moon (; February 14, 1898 – March 4, 1988) was an American electrical engineer who, with Domina Eberle Spencer, co-wrote eight scientific books and over 200 papers on subjects including electromagnetic field theory, color harmony, ...
* In statistics, arrays are a name for some kinds of :Experimental design *
Intersection array In the mathematical field of graph theory, a distance-regular graph is a regular graph such that for any two Vertex (graph theory), vertices and , the number of vertices at distance (graph theory), distance from and at distance from depends ...
a concept of category theory


Technology


Computing

*
Array data structure In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of ''elements'' (value (computer science), values or variable (programming), variables), of same memory size, each identified by at least one ''array index'' or ''key' ...
, an arrangement of data in computer memory *
Asynchronous array of simple processors The asynchronous array of simple processors (AsAP) architecture comprises a 2-D array of reduced complexity programmable processors with small scratchpad memories interconnected by a reconfigurable mesh network. AsAP was developed by researchers ...
*
Disk array A disk array is a disk storage system which contains multiple disk drives. It is differentiated from a disk enclosure, in that an array has cache (computing), cache memory and advanced functionality, like redundant array of independent disks, RAID ...
, such as the RAID *
Gate array A gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a semiconductor device fabrication, prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g. NAN ...
, including a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) *
ICL Distributed Array Processor The Distributed Array Processor (DAP) produced by International Computers Limited (ICL) was the world's first commercial massively parallel computer. The original paper study was complete in 1972 and building of the prototype began in 1974. The fir ...
, an array processor for the ICL * Integrated circuit packages: **
Ball grid array A ball grid array (BGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging (a chip carrier) used for integrated circuits. BGA packages are used to permanently mount devices such as microprocessors. A BGA can provide more interconnection pins than can be pu ...
**
pin grid array A pin grid array (PGA) is a type of integrated circuit packaging. In a PGA, the package is square or rectangular, and the pins are arranged in a regular array on the underside of the package. The pins are commonly spaced 2.54 mm (0.1") a ...
**
land grid array The land grid array (LGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits (ICs) that is notable for having the pins on the socket (when a socket is used) — as opposed to pins on the integrated circuit, known as a '' pin grid array' ...
*
Processor array In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entire virtual machines) are ro ...
*
Programmable Array Logic Programmable Array Logic (PAL) is a family of programmable logic device semiconductors used to implement logic functions in digital circuits that was introduced by Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI) in March 1978. Introductory advertisement on ...
(PAL), a systematic way to implement Boolean functions *
Reconfigurable datapath array The Xputer is a design for a reconfigurable computer, proposed by computer scientist Reiner Hartenstein. Hartenstein uses various terms to describe the various innovations in the design, including config-ware, flow-ware, morph-ware, and "anti-mach ...
, a flexible data processing architecture *
Systolic array In parallel computer architectures, a systolic array is a homogeneous network of tightly coupled data processing units (DPUs) called cells or nodes. Each node or DPU independently computes a partial result as a function of the data received fro ...
, a hardware architecture *
Transistor array Transistor arrays consist of two or more transistors on a common Wafer (electronics), substrate. Unlike more highly integrated circuits, the transistors can be used individually like discrete transistors. That is, the transistors in the array ar ...
, an integrated circuit *
Video Graphics Array Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a video display controller and accompanying de facto graphics standard, first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987, which became ubiquitous in the IBM PC compatible industry within three years. T ...
(VGA), a display adapter and many variants thereof *
Wi-Fi array Cambium Networks Corporation is an American manufacturer of wireless telecommunications equipment, including Enterprise WiFi, Network switch, Internet of Things, and fixed wireless broadband and Wi-Fi for enterprises products for Internet acce ...
, a wireless networking device


Other technologies

*
Antenna array An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antenna (radio), antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves. The individual antennas (called ''elements'') are usually connected to a s ...
* Array gain, a telecommunications parameter * Array processing of multichannel signals (not to be confused with array programming) *
Color filter array In digital imaging, a color filter array (CFA), or color filter mosaic (CFM), is a mosaic of tiny color filters placed over the pixel sensors of an image sensor to capture color information. The term is also used in reference to Electronic paper ...
, placed over an imaging array *
Field emitter array A field emitter array (FEA) is a particular form of field electron emission, large-area field electron source. FEAs are prepared on a silicon substrate by lithographic techniques similar to those used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. Th ...
, an electron source *
Halbach array A Halbach array () is a special arrangement of permanent magnets that augments the magnetic field on one side of the array while cancelling the field to near zero on the other side. This is achieved by having a spatially rotating pattern of magne ...
, an arrangement of magnets *
Linear diode array A Linear diode array is used for digitizing x-ray images. The LDA system consists of an array of photodiode modules. The diodes are laminated with a scintillation screen to create x-ray sensitive diodes. The scintillation screen converts the p ...
used in image scanners *
Microphone array A microphone array is any number of microphones operating in tandem. There are many applications: * Systems for extracting voice input from ambient noise level, ambient noise (notably telephones, speech recognition systems, hearing aids) * Sur ...
*
Parametric array A parametric array, in the field of acoustics, is a nonlinear transducer, transduction mechanism that generates narrow, nearly side lobe-free beams of low frequency sound, through the mixing and interaction of high frequency sound waves, effectively ...
of transducers *
Phased-array optics Phased-array optics is the technology of controlling the phase and amplitude of light waves transmitting, reflecting, or captured (received) by a two-dimensional surface using adjustable surface elements. An optical phased array (OPA) is the optica ...
*
Photovoltaic array A photovoltaic system, also called a PV system or solar power system, is an electric power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to abso ...
*
Staring array A staring array, also known as staring-plane array or focal-plane array (FPA), is an image sensor consisting of an array (typically rectangular) of light-sensing pixels at the focal plane of a lens. FPAs are used most commonly for imaging purpo ...
, an imaging sensor *
Towed array sonar A towed array sonar is a system of hydrophones towed behind a submarine or a surface ship on a cable. Trailing the hydrophones behind the vessel, on a cable that can be kilometers long, keeps the array's sensors away from the ship's own noise sou ...


Other

* A
Commission of Array A commission of array was a commission given by English sovereigns to officers or gentry in a given territory to muster and array the inhabitants and to see them in a condition for war, or to put soldiers of a country in a condition for military ...
, a commission for mustering a militia * ARRAY, an independent film distribution company *
Array Networks Array Networks is an American networking hardware company. It sells network traffic encryption tools. Array Networks was founded in 2000 by Lawrence Lu and is based in Milpitas, California. Originally called ClickArray Networks, it was renamed A ...
, a computer networking company * Array Collective, a Belfast-based artist-activist collaborative project