Arnoldists were a
Proto-Protestant
Proto-Protestantism, also called pre-Protestantism, refers to individuals and movements that propagated various ideas later associated with Protestantism before 1517, which historians usually regard as the starting year for the Reformation era ...
Christian movement
A Christian movement is a Christian theology, theological, political, or philosophical interpretation of Christianity that is not generally represented by a specific Christian church, church, sect, or Christian denomination, denomination.
Religi ...
in the 12th century, named after
Arnold of Brescia
Arnold of Brescia ( 1090 – June 1155), also known as Arnaldus (), was an Italian canon regular from Lombardy, who called on the Church to renounce property-ownership and participated in the failed Commune of Rome of 1144–1193. He is considere ...
, an advocate of ecclesiastical reform who criticized the great wealth and possessions of the
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
, while preaching against
infant baptism
Infant baptism, also known as christening or paedobaptism, is a Christian sacramental practice of Baptism, baptizing infants and young children. Such practice is done in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, va ...
and
transubstantiation
Transubstantiation (; Greek language, Greek: μετουσίωσις ''metousiosis'') is, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, "the change of the whole substance of sacramental bread, bread into the substance of the Body of Christ and ...
.
[A Brief Sketch of the History of the Foreign Baptists
By G. H. ORCHARD 1842] His disciples were also called "Publicans" or "Poplecans", a name probably deriving from
Paulicians
Paulicianism (Classical Armenian: Պաւղիկեաններ, ; , "The followers of Paul"; Arab sources: ''Baylakānī'', ''al Bayāliqa'' )Nersessian, Vrej (1998). The Tondrakian Movement: Religious Movements in the Armenian Church from the 4th ...
(the term "Publicani" would be generally used for any heretic, even a political traitor, through Europe).
The Arnoldists were condemned as heretics by
Pope Lucius III
Pope Lucius III ( – 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned as head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 September 1181 to his death in 1185. Born to an aristocratic family in Lucca, prior to being elected p ...
in ''
Ad abolendam
(; full title in ) was a decretal and bull of Pope Lucius III, written at Verona and issued 4 November 1184. It was issued after the Council of Verona settled some jurisdictional differences between the Papacy and Frederick I, Holy Roman Empero ...
'' during the
Synod of Verona The Synod of Verona was held November 1184 under the auspices of Pope Lucius III and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I.
The meeting was to address numerous issues. Some of these were the dispute over claims between empire and papacy in central ...
in 1184.
Arnoldists' tenets would later be addressed by
Bonacursus of Milan, c. 1190, in his ''Manifestatio haeresis Catharorum'', which refuted Arnoldist
apostolic poverty
Apostolic poverty is a Christian doctrine professed in the thirteenth century by the newly formed religious orders, known as the mendicant orders, in direct response to calls for reform in the Roman Catholic Church. In this, these orders attempt ...
and the incapacity of sinful priests to administer the sacraments.
See also
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Apostolic poverty
Apostolic poverty is a Christian doctrine professed in the thirteenth century by the newly formed religious orders, known as the mendicant orders, in direct response to calls for reform in the Roman Catholic Church. In this, these orders attempt ...
*
Lollardy
Lollardy was a proto-Protestantism, proto-Protestant Christianity, Christian religious movement that was active in England from the mid-14th century until the 16th-century English Reformation. It was initially led by John Wycliffe, a Catholic C ...
*
Temporal power of the Roman papacy
*
Waldensians
The Waldensians, also known as Waldenses (), Vallenses, Valdesi, or Vaudois, are adherents of a church tradition that began as an ascetic movement within Western Christianity before the Reformation. Originally known as the Poor of Lyon in the l ...
Notes
References
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Former Christian denominations
Heresy in Christianity in the Middle Ages
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