''Arisarum'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of flowering plants in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Araceae The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also ...

. It is native to the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...

region, east to the

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...

and west to

Macaronesia Macaronesia (; ) is a collection of four volcanic archipelagos in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of North Africa and Europe. Each archipelago is made up of a number of list of islands in the Atlantic Oc ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu seeds

Taxonomy

Species

Accepted species:

Natural Hybrids

# ''

Arisarum × aspergillum ''Arisarum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Araceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, east to the Caucasus and west to Macaronesia. Taxonomy Species Accepted species: Natural Hybrids # ''Arisarum × a ...

'' Dunal - Spain, Algeria, Morocco (A. simorrhinum × A. vulgare)

Phylogeny

It is closely related to the genera ''

Ambrosina ''Ambrosina'' is a genus in the family Araceae that consists of only one species, ''Ambrosina bassii'', and the only genus in the tribe Ambrosineae. This species is the smallest terrestrial aroid in the Mediterranean, growing only to 8 cm t ...

'', '' Peltandra'', and '' Typhonodorum''. ''Ambrosina'' is the sister group to ''Arisarum'', from which it separated about 46.1 Million years ago.Mansion, G., Rosenbaum, G., Schoenenberger, N., Bacchetta, G., Rosselló, J. A., & Conti, E. (2008)
"Phylogenetic analysis informed by geological history supports multiple, sequential invasions of the Mediterranean Basin by the angiosperm family Araceae."
Systematic Biology, 57(2), 269-285. The precise relationships are displayed in the following cladogram:

Description

In ''A. simorrhinum'', the flower stalk is shorter or equal in length to the leaf stalk, whereas in ''A. vulgare'', the flower stalk is longer than the leaf stalk. ''A. vulgare'' also has a generally longer spadix than ''A. simorrhinum''.

Ecology

Parasite ecology

''Arisarum'' foliage is parasitized by the siphonous green algae ''

Phyllosiphon arisari ''Phyllosiphon'' is a genus of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae.Round, F. E. (1981). ''The Ecology of Algae''. London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 398-400 Unusually among the green algae, members of ''Phyllosiphon'' are often parasit ...

'' Kühn. It induces necrosis in leaf tissue, after invading the intracellular space.Aboal, M., & Werner, O. (2011)
"Morphology, fine structure, life cycle and phylogenetic analysis of ''Phyllosiphon arisari'', a siphonous parasitic green alga."
European journal of phycology, 46(3), 181-192. The foliage also may be affected by two species of fungi, namely ''

Phyllosticta arisari ''Phyllosticta'' is a genus of fungi. Many of the species in this genus are common and important plant pathogens. They typically infect the foliage and cause tannish-gray leaf spots with dark brown to purple borders. However, ''Phyllosticta'' may ...

'' and '' Melanustilospora arisari''. The scale insect ''

Icerya purchasi ''Icerya purchasi'' (common name: cottony cushion scale) is a scale insect that feeds on more than 80 families of woody plants, most notably on ''Citrus'' and ''Pittosporum''. Originally described in 1878 from specimens collected in New Zealand a ...

'' also feeds on ''Arisarum''.W.N. Ellis. (2023). Genus ''Arisarum''. Plant Parasites of Europe Leafminers, Galls and Fungi. Retrieved February 28, 2023, from https://bladmineerders.nl/host-plants/plantae/spermatopsida/angiosperma/monocots/alismatales/araceae/aroideae/arisarum/genus-arisarum/

References

External links

* * Aroideae Araceae genera Taxa named by Philip Miller {{Araceae-stub