Arif Dirlik
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Arif Dirlik (; 23 November 1940 – 1 December 2017) was a Turkish-American historian who published on
historiography Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline. By extension, the term ":wikt:historiography, historiography" is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiog ...
and
political ideology An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Form ...
in modern China, as well as issues in
modernity Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era) and the ensemble of particular Society, socio-Culture, cultural Norm (social), norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the ...
,
globalization Globalization is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries worldwide. This is made possible by the reduction of barriers to international trade, th ...
, and postcolonial criticism. Dirlik received a BSc in
electrical engineering Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems that use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the l ...
at Robert College, Istanbul in 1964 and a PhD in history at the
University of Rochester The University of Rochester is a private university, private research university in Rochester, New York, United States. It was founded in 1850 and moved into its current campus, next to the Genesee River in 1930. With approximately 30,000 full ...
in 1973.


Biography

Dirlik received his undergraduate degree in engineering and came to the United States to study science at the
University of Rochester The University of Rochester is a private university, private research university in Rochester, New York, United States. It was founded in 1850 and moved into its current campus, next to the Genesee River in 1930. With approximately 30,000 full ...
, but developed an interest in Chinese history instead. His PhD dissertation on the origins of
Marxist historiography Marxist historiography, or historical materialist historiography, is an influential school of historiography. The chief tenets of Marxist historiography include the centrality of social class, social relations of production in class-divided s ...
in China, published by
University of California Press The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing. It was founded in 1893 to publish scholarly and scientific works by faculty ...
in 1978, led to an interest in Chinese anarchism. When asked in 1997 to identify the main influences on his work, Dirlik cited
Marx Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet '' The Communist Manifesto'' (written with Friedrich Engels) ...
, Mao, and Dostoevsky. His closest academic collaborators included his mentor Harry Harootunian whom he befriended at Rochester,
Maurice Meisner Maurice Jerome Meisner (November 17, 1931 – January 23, 2012) was an American sinologist and professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He studied the Chinese Communist Revolution and the People's Republic and held a strong interest i ...
, and his partner Roxann Prazniak. After his official retirement, Dirlik lived in
Eugene, Oregon Eugene ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is located at the southern end of the Willamette Valley, near the confluence of the McKenzie River (Oregon), McKenzie and Willamette River, Willamette rivers, ...
. In fall 2010, he served as the Liang Qichao Memorial Distinguished Visiting Professor at
Tsinghua University Tsinghua University (THU) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Constructio ...
,
Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...
. In fall 2011 he held the Rajni Kothari Chair in Democracy at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies in
Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...
, India. He held a brief appointment as Green Professor at the
University of British Columbia The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a Public university, public research university with campuses near University of British Columbia Vancouver, Vancouver and University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, in British Columbia, Canada ...
in February 2016.


Career

Dirlik taught at
Duke University Duke University is a Private university, private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day city of Trinity, North Carolina, Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1 ...
for thirty years as Professor of History and Anthropology before moving in 2001 to the
University of Oregon The University of Oregon (UO, U of O or Oregon) is a Public university, public research university in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1876, the university is organized into nine colleges and schools and offers 420 undergraduate and gra ...
where he served as Knight Professor of Social Science, Professor of History and Anthropology, and Director of the Center for Critical Theory and Transnational Studies until his retirement in 2006. He has also served as visiting professor at the
University of British Columbia The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a Public university, public research university with campuses near University of British Columbia Vancouver, Vancouver and University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, in British Columbia, Canada ...
,
University of Victoria The University of Victoria (UVic) is a public research university located in the municipalities of Oak Bay, British Columbia, Oak Bay and Saanich, British Columbia, Canada. Established in 1903 as Victoria College, British Columbia, Victoria Col ...
(BC),
University of California, Los Angeles The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Its academic roots were established in 1881 as a normal school the ...
, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris, the
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) is a public research university in Sai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong. Founded in 1991, it was the territory's third institution to be granted university status, and the firs ...
, and
Soka University of America Soka University of America (SUA) is a Private college, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Aliso Viejo, California. Originally founded in 1987, it was established on its current campus in 2001 by Daisaku ...
. He has been honored with distinguished adjunct professorships at the Center for Marxist Social Theory of
Nanjing University Nanjing University (NJU) is a public university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The univers ...
, Beijing University of Language and Culture, and the Northwest University for Nationalities in
Lanzhou Lanzhou is the capital and largest city of Gansu province in northwestern China. Located on the banks of the Yellow River, it is a key regional transportation hub, connecting areas further west by rail to the eastern half of the country. His ...
. Dirlik served on the editorial boards of '' boundary 2'', ''Interventions'' (UK), ''China Review'' (Hong Kong), '' Asian Studies Review'' (Australia), ''
China Information ''China Information'' (subtitled ''A Journal on Contemporary China Studies'') is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1986. It was originally published by the Documentation and Research Centre for Contemporary China ( ...
'' (The Netherlands), ''China Scholarship'' (Beijing), ''Cultural Studies'' (Beijing), '' Inter-Asia Cultural Studies'' (Taiwan and Singapore), ''Norwegian Journal of Migration Research'', ''Asian Review of World Histories'' (South Korea), ''Research on Marxist Aesthetics'' (Nanjing), ''Register of Critical Theory of Society'' (Nanjing), ''International Critical Thought'' (Beijing), ''Pasaj'' (Passages in Literature) (Istanbul), and ''Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal'' (Malaysia). He was the editor of two-book series, "Studies in Global Modernity" (
SUNY Press The State University of New York Press (more commonly referred to as the SUNY Press) is a university press affiliated with the State University of New York system. The press, which was founded in 1966, is located in Albany, New York and publishe ...
) as well as co-editor of a series of translations from prominent Chinese official intellectuals, published by
Brill Publishers Brill Academic Publishers () is a Dutch international academic publisher of books, academic journals, and Bibliographic database, databases founded in 1683, making it one of the oldest publishing houses in the Netherlands. Founded in the South ...
in the Netherlands. Dirlik's works have been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Turkish, Bulgarian, French, German and Portuguese.


Positions and critiques

Dirlik took an engaged and critical approach to scholarship, oriented by "political relations and their social consequences" and "history as the search for universals". In his partner Roxann Prazniak's words, he "continued to the end to see
Marxist Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflic ...
historicism Historicism is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying the process or history by which they came about. The term is widely used in philosophy, ant ...
as the most compelling and comprehensive approach to understanding cultural entanglements in the political economy of global capitalism". Dirlik spoke on his approach to history and the theoretical issues of historiography in a 2002 interview. As a "practicing historian" Dirlik said, "I continue to practice history not just because it is a way to make a living, which is an important consideration, but because I think that there is some value and meaning to historical understanding." He goes on to say that "I am also appalled at the arbitrary magisterial judgments on history encountered frequently in contemporary literature; a kind of licence that postmodernism seems to legitimize: since we cannot know anything, anybody can speak about everything." The interview goes on to criticize the field of postcolonial studies, which he took up in such essays as "History Without a Center? Reflections on Eurocentrism," Prasenjit Duara in 2001 replied to Dirlik's charge that diasporic scholars from the former British colonial world had used the concepts of "postcolonialism" to become embedded in Western academic "strongholds" and that they did not represent the majority of the population in their former countries. Likewise even a sympathetic review of the field objected to Dirlik's framing of post-colonial scholars as "agents of capital." Dirlik was also critical of the " Beijing Consensus" which presented China's economic development model as an alternative—especially for developing countries—to the
Washington Consensus The Washington Consensus is a set of ten economic policy prescriptions considered in the 1980s and 1990s to constitute the "standard" reform package promoted for Economic crisis, crisis-wracked developing country, developing countries by the Was ...
. Dirlik argued that this "Silicon Valley model of development" ignores the fact that "the exploitation of China's labor force by foreign countries was a major part of the Chinese development."Dirlik, Arif. University of Oregon.
Beijing Consensus: Beijing 'Gongshi.'
"
Jerry Bentley's 2005 account in the journal ''World History'' provides a cogent summary of Dirlik's critiques of the field and his own disagreement. Dirlik, he says, has leveled a "challenging critique" of the field of world history, charging that it "naturalizes capitalist globalization by turning it into human fate" and that scholarship in the field "perpetuates Eurocentric knowledge even as it seeks alternatives to Eurocentric explanations of the global past." Bentley continues that Dirlik has identified genuine problems, but has "harnessed his scholarship to a political agenda." Dirlik "overstated the problems and overgeneralized his critique," falling into the "trap of an originary fallacy," in which he "confuses origin with fate," assuming that historical scholarship must inevitably follow lines established at the foundation." Po-hsi Chen distinguishes two phases in Dirlik's intellectual work. He sees Dirlik's focus shifting around the time of his 1991 book ''Anarchism in Chinese Revolution'' from "historicizing earlier-generation Chinese Marxists and their revolutionary practices and theoretical reflections" towards a critique of "newly emergent postcolonial studies in North American academe as ''complicit'' with globalization and neoliberalism".


Personal life

Dirlik married fellow historian Roxann Prazniak at the Duke Chapel in 1984. They both had children in previous relationships, one of whom is Dirlik's son Nick.


Selected publications

;Books * 1978. (reprinted 1990). * 1985. ''Culture, Society and Revolution: A Critical Discussion of American Studies of Modern Chinese Thought'' (Working papers in Asian/Pacific studies, 85-01), Durham, NC: Asian/Pacific Studies Institute, Duke University * 1989
''The Origins of Chinese Communism''
New York:
Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books ...
. * 1989. (edited, with
Maurice Meisner Maurice Jerome Meisner (November 17, 1931 – January 23, 2012) was an American sinologist and professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He studied the Chinese Communist Revolution and the People's Republic and held a strong interest i ...
) ''Marxism and the Chinese Experience: Issues in Chinese Socialism'', Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe * 1991. ''Anarchism in the Chinese Revolution'', Berkeley: University of California Press. * 1991. (with Ming K. Chan) ''Schools into Fields and Factories: Anarchists, the Guomindang, and the National Labor University in Shanghai, 1927–1932'', Durham:
Duke University Press Duke University Press is an academic publisher and university press affiliated with Duke University. It was founded in 1921 by William T. Laprade as The Trinity College Press. (Duke University was initially called Trinity College). In 1926 ...
. * 1993. (edited) ''What Is in a Rim? Critical Perspectives on the Pacific Region Idea'', Boulder, CO:
Westview Press Westview Press was an American publishing company headquartered in Boulder, Colorado founded in 1975. Field of work Westview primarily publishes textbooks. History Westview Press was founded by Frederick A. Praeger in 1975. Praeger sold ...
(2nd edition 1998). * 1994
''After the Revolution: Waking to Global Capitalism''
Hanover, NH:
Wesleyan University Press Wesleyan University Press is a university press that is part of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. The press is currently directed by Suzanna Tamminen, a published poet and essayist. History and overview Founded (in its present form ...
. * 1995. (edited, with Rob Wilson) ''Asia-Pacific as Space of Cultural Production'', Durham, NC: Duke University Press * 1997. ''The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism'', Boulder, CO: Westview Press. * 1997. (edited, with Paul Healy and Nick Knight) ''Critical Perspectives on Mao Zedong's Thought'', Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press * 2000. (edited, with Xudong Zhang) ''Postmodernism and China'', Durham, NC: Duke University Press = special issue of '' boundary 2'' (2.3) * 2000. (edited, with Vinay Bahl and Peter Gran
''History After the Three Worlds: Post-Eurocentric Historiographies''
Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield * 2001
''Postmodernity's Histories: The Past as Legacy and Project''
Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. * 2001. (edited, with Roxann Prazniak) ''Places and Politics in the Age of Global Capital'', Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield * 2001. (edited
''Chinese on the American Frontier''
Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield * 2005. ''Marxism in the Chinese Revolution'', Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. * 2006. (edited) ''Pedagogies of the Global: Knowledge in the Human Interest'', Boulder, CO: Paradigm Press * 2007. ''Global Modernity: Modernity in the Age of Global Capitalism'', Boulder, CO: Paradigm Press * 2008. (edited
''Snapshots of Intellectual Life in Contemporary PR China''
Durham, NC: Duke University Press = special issue of '' boundary 2'' (35.2) * 2009. ''Kriz, Kimlik ve Siyaset: Küreselleşme Yazıları'' ''Crisis, Identity and Politics: Writings on Globalization'' Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları * 2011. (edited
''The National Learning Revival''
special issue of '' China Perspectives'' (85.1) * 2011. ''Culture and History in Post-Revolutionary China: The Perspective of Global Modernity'' (The Liang Qichao Memorial Lectures), Hong Kong:
Chinese University Press The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press is the university press A university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. They are often an integral component of a large research university. The ...
* 2012. (edited, with Guannan Li and Hsiao-pei Yen) ''Sociology and Anthropology in Twentieth Century China: Between Universalism and Indigenism'', Hong Kong: Chinese University Press * 2012. (edited, with Roxann Prazniak and Alexander Woodside) ''Global Capitalism and the Future of Agrarian Society'', Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers * 2013. "Quanqiu xiandaixing zhi chuang: Shehui kexue wenji"(Windows on Global Modernity: Social Scientific Essays),Beijing: Zhishi chanquan chuban she * 2017.
Complicities: The People's Republic of China in Global Capitalism
'. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press. ;Representative articles *
Mirror to Revolution: Early Marxist Images of Chinese History
" '' Journal of Asian Studies'', 33.2 (February 1974), pp. 193–223, * "National Development and Social Revolution in Early Chinese Marxist Thought,"
The China Quarterly ''The China Quarterly'' (CQ) is a British triple-anonymous peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1960 on contemporary China including Taiwan. It is considered one of the most important academic journals about China in the world and is p ...
, Number 58 (April–June 1974), pp. 286–309,
Mass Movements and the Left Guomindang
" '' Modern China'', 1.1 (January 1975), pp. 46–74, *
The Ideological Foundations of the New Life Movement: A Study in Counterrevolution
" ''Journal of Asian Studies'', 34.4 (August 1975), pp. 945–980, * "The Problem of Class Viewpoint versus Historicism in Chinese Historiography," ''Modern China'', 3.4 (October 1977), pp. 465–488, * "Socialism Without Revolution: The Case of Contemporary China, '' Pacific Affairs'', 54.4 (Winter 1981–1982), pp. 632–661, * "Chinese Historians and the Marxist Concept of Capitalism: A Critical Examination," ''Modern China'', 8.1 (January 1982), pp. 359–375, * "Spiritual Solutions to Material Problems: The 'Socialist Ethics and Courtesy Month' in China," '' South Atlantic Quarterly'', 81.4 (Autumn 1982), pp. 359–375, *
The Predicament of Marxist Revolutionary Consciousness: Mao Zedong, Antonio Gramsci and the Reformulation of Marxist Revolutionary Theory
" ''Modern China'', 9.2 (April 1983), pp. 182–211, * "The New Culture Movement Revisited: Anarchism and the Idea of Social Revolution in New Culture Thinking," Modern China, 11.3 (July 1985), pp. 251–300, * * "Culturalism as Hegemonic Ideology and Liberating Practice," '' Cultural Critique'', Number 6 (Spring 1987), pp. 13–50, *
Postsocialism? Reflections on "Socialism with Chinese Characteristics"
" '' Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars'', 21.1 (January 1989), pp. 33–45 * (with Roxann Prazniak) "Socialism is dead, so why must we talk about it? Reflections on the 1989 insurrection in China, its bloody suppression, the end of socialism and the end of history", ''Asian Studies Review'' 14 (1990), pp. 3–25, *
The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism
" '' Critical Inquiry'', 20.2 (Winter 1994), pp. 328–356, * * "Asians on the Rim: Transnational Capital and Local Community in the Making of Contemporary Asian America," '' Amerasia Journal'' 22.3 (1996), pp. 1–24 ; reprinted in Jean Yu-wen Shen Wu and Thomas C. Chen (ed), ''Asian American Studies Now: A Critical Reader'' (Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2009) * ; reprinted in
Edmund Burke Edmund Burke (; 12 January ew Style, NS1729 – 9 July 1797) was an Anglo-Irish Politician, statesman, journalist, writer, literary critic, philosopher, and parliamentary orator who is regarded as the founder of the Social philosophy, soc ...
and David Prochaska (eds.), ''Genealogies of Orientalism: History, Theory, Politics'' (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2008), pp. 384–413 * *
The Past as Legacy and Project: Postcolonial Criticism in the Perspective of Indigenous Historicism
" ''American Indian Culture and Research Journal'', 20.2 (1996), pp. 1–31; reprinted in Kenneth Lincoln (ed.), ''Gathering Native Scholars: UCLA's Forty Years of American Indian Culture and Research'' (Los Angeles, CA: UCLA American Indian Research Center, 2009): 367–396 * "Mao Zedong and 'Chinese Marxism,'" in Indira Mahalingam and Brian Carr (eds),
Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy
' (London:
Routledge Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanit ...
, 1997), pp. 536–561 * * "Place-Based Imagination: Globalism and the Politics of Place," ''Review (Fernand Braudel Center)'' 22.2 (Spring 1999), pp. 151–187 * * "Globalization as the End and the Beginning of History: The Contradictory Implications of a New Paradigm" (revised version), '' Rethinking Marxism'' 12.4 (Winter 2000), pp. 4–22, *
Markets, Power, Culture: The Making of a 'Second Cultural Revolution' in China
" '' Asian Studies Review'' 25.1 (March 2001), pp. 1–33, * "Theory, History, Culture: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Theory in Twentieth Century China," in Institute of Modern History (Academia Sinica), China and the World in the Twentieth Century (2001), pp. 95–142 * "Colonialism, Globalization and Culture: Reflections on September 11," ''Amerasia Journal'' 27.3 (2001): 1–12, * "Postmodernism and Chinese History," ''boundary 2'', 28.3 (Fall 2001): 19–60, * * "Women and the Politics of Place: A Comment," ''
Development Development or developing may refer to: Arts *Development (music), the process by which thematic material is reshaped * Photographic development *Filmmaking, development phase, including finance and budgeting * Development hell, when a proje ...
'' 45.1 (2002): 14–18, *
Modernity as History: Post-revolutionary China, Globalization and the Question of Modernity
" ''
Social History Social history, often called history from below, is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past. Historians who write social history are called social historians. Social history came to prominence in the 1960s, spreading f ...
'' 27.1 (January 2002): 16–39, * "Bringing History Back In: Of Diasporas, Hybridities, Places and Histories," ''Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies'' 21.2 (1999): 95–131, ; reprinted in Elisabeth Mudimbe-Boyi (ed.), ''Beyond Dichotomies: Histories, Identities, Cultures and the Challenge of Globalization'' (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2002), pp. 93–127 * * "Empire? Some Thoughts on Colonialism, Culture and Class in the Making of Global Crisis and War in Perpetuity," ''Interventions'' 5.2 (2003): 207–217, * "Globalization and National Development: The Perspective of the Chinese Revolution," ''CR: The New Centennial Review'', 3.2 (Summer 2003): 241–270, ; reprinted in Göran Therborn and Habibul H. Khondkher (eds.), ''Asia and Europe in Globalization: Continents, Regions and Nations'' (Leiden: Brill, 2006), pp. 123–150 *
Global Modernity? Modernity in an Age of Global Capitalism
" '' European Journal of Social Theory'' #3 (August 2003): 275–292, * "'Where Do We Go From Here? Marxism, Modernity and Postcolonial Studies," ''Diaspora'' 12.3, Winter 2003): 419–436, * (review of '' One China, Many Paths'', ed. Chaohua Wang, Verso: London, 2003) * *
Spectres of the Third World: Global Modernity and the End of the Three Worlds
" '' Third World Quarterly'', 25.1 (2004): 131–147, *
It is Not Where You Are From, It is Where You Are At: Place-Based Alternatives to Diaspora Discourse
" in Jonathan Friedman and Shalini Randeria (eds.), ''World on the Move: Globalization, Migration and Cultural Security'' (London: I.B. Tauris, 2004), pp. 141–165 *
Architectures of Global Modernity, Colonialism and Places
" '' Modern Chinese Literature and Culture'', 17.1 (Spring 2005): 33–61, * "Globalization Now and Then: Some Thoughts on Contemporary Readings of Late 19th/Early 20th Century Responses to Modernity," ''Journal of Modern European History'', 4.2 (2006): 137–156, * "Beijing Consensus: Beijing Gongshi: Who Recognizes Whom and to What End," in Yu Keping, Huang Ping, Xie Shuguang and Gao Jian (eds.), ''Zhongguo moshi yu Beijing gongshi: chaoyue Huashengdun gongshi'' (= ''China Model and the Beijing Consensus'') (Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe, 2006), pp. 99–112 * * *
Race-Talk, Race and Contemporary Racism
" '' Publications of the Modern Language Association of America (PMLA)'', special issue, "Comparative Racialization," 123.5 (October 2008): 1363–1379, * "Colonialism, Revolution, Development: A Historical Perspective on Citizenship in Political Struggles in Eastern Asia," ''Development and Society'' 29.2 (December 2010): 187–210, ; reprinted in Kyung-Sup Chang, Bryan Turner (eds.) ''Contested Citizenship in East Asia: Developmental Politics, National Unity, and Globalization'' (London: Routledge, 2011) * "Revisioning Modernity: Modernity in Eurasian Perspectives," ''Inter-Asia Cultural Studies'', 12.2 (2011): 284–305, ; reprinted in Sven Trakulhun, Ralph Weber (eds.) ''Delimiting Modernities: Conceptual Challenges and Regional Responses'' (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015): 143–177 *
The Idea of a Chinese Model: A Critical Discussion
(expanded edition), ''China Information'', 26.3 (November 2012): 277–302, * (with Roxann Prazniak),
Social Justice, Democracy and the Politics of Development: The People's Republic of China in Global Perspective
" ''International Journal of China Studies'' (Malaysia), 3.3 (December 2012): 285–313 *
Transnationalization and the University: The Perspective of Global Modernity
" ''boundary 2'', 39.3 (Fall 2012): 47–73 *
Thinking Modernity Historically: Is "Alternative Modernity" the Answer?
, ''Asian Review of World Histories'', 1.1 (January 2013): 5–44, *
Literary Identity/Cultural Identity: Being Chinese in the Contemporary World
" Modern Chinese Literature and Culture (MCLC) Resource Center Publications (September 2013) * "Developmentalism: A Critique," ''Interventions'', 16.1 (2014): 30–48, *


Notes


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * *


External links

*
Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies - 2005 - 2006 Annual ReportEmpire? Some Thoughts on Colonialism, Culture and Class in the Making of Global Crisis and War in PerpetuityCulture against history? The politics of east asian identityDimensions of Chinese Anarchism: An Interview with Arif DirlikPhotos of Arif Dirlik by Roxann Prazniak
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dirlik, Arif 1940 births 2017 deaths Academic staff of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Academic staff of the University of British Columbia American expatriate academics in Canada Academic staff of the University of Victoria Duke University faculty Marxist historians People from Mersin Robert College alumni Turkish emigrants to the United States Turkish Marxists University of Oregon faculty University of Rochester alumni