Arctic Circle is an organisation that was founded in 2013 by the former president of Iceland,
Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, alongside
Alice Rogoff from Alaska Dispatch and the former Greenlandic Premier,
Kuupik Kleist.
[Depledge, Duncan & Dodds, Klaus. (2017). Bazaar Governance: Situating the Arctic Circle. https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/27761552/Chapter_8_Depledge_und_Dodds_2017_Bazaar_Governance_Situating_the_Arctic_Circle.pdf
Retrieved 27 may 2025] The Arctic Circle was announced on April 15 by Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson as he was attending a National Press Club luncheon in New York, because he wanted to present his vision of a new international assembly for the Arctic called “Arctic Circle”. He believed that an assembly like this would “strengthen the
policymaking process by bringing together as many
Arctic
The Arctic (; . ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying within the Arctic Circle. The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway ( ...
and international players as possible under one large tent”.
Arctic Circle describes themselves as “
e largest network of international dialogue and cooperation on the future of the Arctic and our Planet. It is an open democratic platform with participation from governments, organizations, corporations, universities, think tanks, environmental associations, indigenous communities, concerned citizens, and others. It is nonprofit and nonpartisan. Every year, in October, the Arctic Circle Assembly takes place in
Reykjavik,
Iceland
Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...
[Wilson, P. (2024). Pitching the Tent: Understanding the Arctic Circle 2013–2023. ''Global Society'', 1–18. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13600826.2024.2412562?casa_token=yxmwjAWhjQIAAAAA:iGKruNz4wV1by3zwrjV3RDFQbAjEm8dUP1J7BQaFOTOlDKM4_FdA2wBdzoXxMxjQQijEKgFWvn0
Retrieved 25 May 2025] in
Harpa Concert Hall and Conference Center.
The Structure of Arctic Circle
The Board
Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson is the
chairman
The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the gro ...
of Arctic Circle, and he was the president of Iceland in the period of 1996-2016. Before becoming president of Iceland, he was Iceland’s Minister of Finance, Member of Parliament, Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and the first Professor of Political Science at the University of Iceland. Besides Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, the board consists of
Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir, Dagfinnur Sveinbjörnsson, Frederik Paulsen, and Þorsteinn Þorsteinsson.
The Honorary board
The honorary board of Arctic Circle consists of
Albert II, Prince of Monaco
Albert II (Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi; born 14 March 1958) is Prince of Monaco, reigning since 2005.
Born at the Prince's Palace of Monaco, Albert is the second child and only son of Prince Rainier III and Princess Grace. He attend ...
, U.S. Senator of Alaska,
Lisa Murkowski
Lisa Ann Murkowski ( ; born May 22, 1957) is an American attorney and politician serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, senior United States senator from the state of Alaska, having held the seat since 2002. She is the first woman ...
, and Dr.
Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber.
The Advisory Board
The
Advisory Board
An advisory board is a body that provides non-binding strategic advice to the management of a corporation, organization, or foundation. The informal nature of an advisory board gives greater flexibility in structure and management compared to the ...
consists of 47 people, who all hold great knowledge of Arctic Affairs. These are: Gudmundur Alfredsson, ''University of Akureyri'', Patrick Beauchesne, ''Société du Plan Nord, Government of Québec'', Mercedes “Sadie” Blancaflor, ''Arctic Youth Network'', Alexander Borodin, ''Iridium Polar Advisory Board'', Henry Burgess, ''Natural Environment Research Council, UK'', Marie-Anne Coninsx, ''Egmont Institute'', Philippe Couillard, ''Britishvolt'', Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir, ''University of Iceland'', Milind Deora, ''former Union Minister of State, Government of India'', Dana Eidsness, ''WaveAerospace'', Jane Francis, ''British Antarctic Survey'', Priscilla Frankson, ''Arctic Youth Network, Arizona State University'', Katarina Gårdfeldt, ''Swedish Polar Research Secretariat'', James Gray, ''House of Commons, UK'', Heidar Mar Gudjonsson, ''Ursus Investments'', Þorsteinn Gunnarsson, ''Icelandic Centre for Research'', Lassi Heininen, ''University of Lapland'', Paul Holthus, ''World Ocean Council'', Mark Inall, ''Scottish Science Advisory Council'', Kuupik Kleist, ''Pikialasorsuaq Commission'', Lars Kullerud, ''University of the Arctic'', Jean Lemire, ''Government of Québec'', Qivioq Lovstrom, ''Greenland’s Council for Human Rights'', Aleksander Mazharov, ''Government of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug'', Sara Olsvig, ''Inuit Circumpolar Council'', Anders Oskal, ''International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry'', Holly Parker, ''Schiller Coastal Studies Center, Bowdoin College'', Frederik Paulsen, ''Paulsen Editions'', Volker Rachold, ''German Arctic Office'', Alice Rogoff, ''Publisher, Arctic Today'', Peter Seligmann, ''Nia Tero'', Hugh Short, ''Pt Capital'', Össur Skarphéðinsson, ''former Foreign Minister of Iceland'', Atsushi Sunami, ''Sasakawa Peace Foundation'', Polina Syadeyskaya, ''University of Victoria BC, Canada'', Yao Tandong, ''Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research'', Mead Treadwell, ''Venture Ad Astra'', Felix Tschudi, ''Tschudi Shipping Co.'', Anton Vasiliev, ''Russian Association of Polar Explorers'', Tero Vauraste, ''Iceye Ltd.'', Andrea Wagner, ''Aspen Institute, Forum for Community Solutions'', Jan-Gunnar Winther, ''UiT The Arctic University of Norway'', Juhán Nikolaus Wuolab Wollberg, ''NOEREH, the Norwegian Saami Youth Organization'', Huigen Yang, ''Polar Research Institute of China'', Lam Khin Yong, ''Nanyang Technological University'', Alex Zhang, ''Eco Foundation Global,'' and Þorsteinn Þorsteinsson, ''Icelandic Meteorological Office.''
The Secretariat
The Secretariat is based in the capital of Iceland, Reykjavík. The Secretariat is responsible for organizing the Assembly and the Forums, and the Secretariat is also accountable for the communication and collaboration with Arctic Circle partners. The Secretariat's office is located at Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland, and the CEO of the Secretariat is Ásdís Ólafsdóttir.
Arctic Circle Assembly 2013-2024
2013
The first ever Arctic Circle Assembly took place in 2013, at which different kinds of topics were discussed such as cooperation on Arctic energy, shipping, and the need for participation and cooperation among Arctic and non-arctic states to address Arctic affairs. Both
Ban Ki-Moon
Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who served as the eighth secretary-general of the United Nations between 2007 and 2016. Prior to his appointment as secretary-general, Ban was the South Korean minister ...
, then Secretary-General,
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
and
Hillary Rodham Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, lawyer and diplomat. She was the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, a U.S. senator represent ...
, Former Secretary of State,
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
, gave a video message to the Assembly.
2014
The second Arctic Circle Assembly continued to focus on the importance of developing the Arctic. Arctic Circle Assembly attracted many high-profile speakers including
Sauli Niinistö, then President of
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...
,
José Ángel Gurría
José Ángel Gurría Treviño, also known as Ángel Gurría, (born 8 May 1950) is a Mexican people, Mexican economist and diplomat. From 1 June 2006 to 31 May 2021, he was the secretary-general of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and ...
, then
OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; , OCDE) is an international organization, intergovernmental organization with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and international trade, wor ...
Secretary General and Admiral
Robert J.Papp, then U.S. Special Representative for the Arctic.
2015
At the Arctic Circle Assembly 2015, then President of
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
,
François Hollande
François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (; born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France from 2012 to 2017. Before his presidency, he was First Secretary of the Socialist Party (France), First Secretary of th ...
, performed a keynote about the importance of the Arctic as an arena for international climate action. Other speakers were Artur Chilingarov, Explorer and Special Envoy of the Russian President to the Arctic and Prince Albert II of Monaco.The Arctic Circle Assembly had more than 2000 participants from more than 50 countries. In total, the event had 600 speakers and more than 130 sessions.
2016
At the 2016 version of the Arctic Circle Assembly, the Arctic Circle Prize was awarded for the first time. Other highlights include speeches from the then First Minister of
Scotland
Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
,
Nicola Sturgeon
Nicola Ferguson Sturgeon (born 19 July 1970) is a Scottish politician who served as First Minister of Scotland and Leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) from 2014 to 2023. She has served as a member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) sin ...
and the then Premier of Quebec,
Philippe Couillard.
2017
The 2017 version of the Arctic Circle attracted more than 2000 participants from more than 60 countries. There was more than 130 sessions and 600 speakers, including Gao Feng, China's Special Representative for Arctic Affairs, Nicola Sturgeon, then First Minister of Scotland, Bob McLeod, then Premier of the North West Territories in
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
, Patricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (
UNFCCC).
2018
The 2017 version of the Arctic Circle attracted more than 2000 participants from more than 60 countries. There was more than a 140 sessions and more than 700 speakers including
Taro Kono, Japan’s then Minister for Foreign Affairs, the then EU Commissioner for Maritime Affairs
Karmenu Vella, Russian Senator
Sergey Kislyak
Sergey Ivanovich Kislyak ( rus, Серге́й Ива́нович Кисля́к, p=sʲɪrˈɡʲej ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ kʲɪˈslʲak; born 7 September 1950) is a Russian senior diplomat and politician. Since September 2017, he has represented Mor ...
, Sir David King, the UK’s former Special Representative for Climate Change and many others. The 2018 Assembly covered topics such as Energy, Transportation, the Belt and Road Initiative, Scotland’s Arctic Strategy and more.
2019
The 2019 version of the Arctic Circle attracted more than 2200 participants from 65 countries. There was 206 sessions and more than 927 speakers in total including former U.S. Secretary of State,
John Kerry
John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American attorney, politician, and diplomat who served as the 68th United States secretary of state from 2013 to 2017 in the Presidency of Barack Obama#Administration, administration of Barac ...
and H.R.H. Victoria, Crown Princess of
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
. The Assembly had an increased focus on indigenous people’s rights in the Arctic.
2020
Due to Covid-19 the 2020 version of Arctic Circle Assembly was cancelled.
2021
The 2021 version of the Arctic Circle Assembly attracted more than 1400 participants from more than 53 countries. There was more than 100 sessions and more than 400 speakers.
2022
The 2022 version of the Arctic Circle Assembly attracted more than 2000 participants. The assembly covered among other things Arctic security, peace and prosperity. Among speakers were
Mary Simon
Mary Jeannie May Simon (born August 21, 1947) is a Canadian civil servant, diplomat, and former broadcaster who has been serving as the 30th governor general of Canada since July 26, 2021. She is Inuit, Inuk on her mother's side, making her th ...
, then Governor General of Canada;
Alar Karis
Alar Karis (; born 26 March 1958) is an Estonian molecular geneticist, developmental biologist, civil servant and politician who, since 11 October 2021, has served as the sixth president of Estonia.
Prior to presidency
Karis was born in Tar ...
, President of the Republic of
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...
;
Múte B. Egede, then Prime Minister of
Greenland
Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. It is by far the largest geographically of three constituent parts of the kingdom; the other two are metropolitan Denmark and the Faroe Islands. Citizens of Greenlan ...
;
Rob Bauer, then Chair of the Military Committee, NATO.
2023
The 2023 version of the Arctic Circle attracted more than 2200 participants from 72 countries. There was more than 200 sessions and more than 700 speakers in total including
Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Minister for Foreign Affairs of
Denmark
Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...
; Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, President-Designate of COP28; Senator Lisa Murkowski of the United States, Mariam Almheiri, Minister of Climate Change and Environment of the United Arab Emirates; Rob Bauer, and then Chair of the
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
Military Committee. Topics discussed were among other things Arctic security, energy policy and climate policy.
2024
The 2024 version of the Arctic Circle attracted more than 2500 participants from 75 countries. There was more than 250 sessions and more than 700 speakers in total including
Liu Zhenmin, Special Envoy for Climate Change of the People's Republic of
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
;
Audrey Azoulay
Audrey Azoulay (; born 4 August 1972) is a French Jew of Moroccan descent, French Civil Service, civil servant and politician who has served as the 11th Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UN ...
, Director-General of UNESCO;
Halla Tómasdóttir, President of Iceland; Senator Lisa Murkowski of the United States;
Kadri Simson
Kadri Simson (née Must, born 22 January 1977) is an Estonian politician, formerly from the Centre Party, who served as the European Commissioner for Energy in the von der Leyen Commission between 2019 and 2024.
Early life
Simson graduated fr ...
, then European Commissioner for Energy.
The Arctic Circle Prize
The Arctic Circle prize is, according to Arctic Circle, awarded for “extraordinary contributions to the continuous work of securing a sustainable and prosperous future in the Arctic.” The Arctic Circle Prize has been awarded four times, in 2024, 2022, 2019 and 2016.
2024 Arctic Circle Prize winner
Senator Lisa Murkowski was awarded the Arctic Circle Prize in 2024. According to Arctic Circle, Lisa Murkowski was awarded the Arctic Circle Prize due to “her leadership in Arctic affairs in the United States and globally. She is one of U.S. Congress' foremost experts on Arctic affairs and plays a pivotal role in shaping U.S. national policies that address pressing challenges such as national security, food security, and infrastructure development.
[Arctic Circle (2025). The Arctic Circle Prize. https://www.arcticcircle.org/the-arctic-circle-prize
Retrieved 25 May 2025.]”
2022 Arctic Circle Prize winner
Alfred Wegener Institute and
MOSAiC
A mosaic () is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/Mortar (masonry), mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and ...
Expedition was awarded the Arctic Circle Prize in 2022 because of “the expedition's extraordinary contribution to the continuous work of securing a sustainable and prosperous future in the Arctic and for enhancing a more comprehensive understanding of the pace of climate change in the world.”
2019 Arctic Circle Prize winner
John Kerry, former U.S. Secretary of State was awarded the Arctic Circle Prize in 2019 to honor “his leadership as the U.S. Chair of the Arctic Council, the success of the Paris Climate Conference and saluting his campaign for the Oceans.”
2016 Arctic Circle Prize winner
Ban Ki-moon, then General Secretary of the United Nations, was awarded the Arctic Circle Prize in 2016 for the first time in Arctic Circles history. He was awarded the pirze, because of “his leadership in bringing the nations of the world together in creating a historic international agreement on climate cooperation serving the sustainable future for the Arctic and the Planet.”
Arctic Circle Compared To Other Forums
The mission of Arctic Circle is to bring together as many international actors and stakeholders to discuss Arctic Affairs.
In contrast, the Arctic Circle, an intergovernmental body established in 1996, includes only eight countries with a speaking role:
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
,
Denmark
Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...
,
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...
,
Iceland
Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...
,
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...
,
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
, and
the United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
. As the 1996 Ottawa Declaration, a founding document of the Arctic Circle, explicitly stipulates, the Arctic Council "should not deal with matters related to military security". Nevertheless, according to
Rand Corporation
The RAND Corporation, doing business as RAND, is an American nonprofit global policy think tank, research institute, and public sector consulting firm. RAND engages in research and development (R&D) in several fields and industries. Since the ...
, there is a need for a forum dedicated to Arctic security issues “such as that run by the Arctic Circle Assembly, where participation can be ad hoc and security is already an item of discussion.”.
[Rand Corporation (2017). Maintaining Arctic Cooperation with Russia. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1731.html
Retrieved 25 May 2025] As a matter of fact, the emergence of the Arctic Circle has been seen as a rival organization to the Arctic Council, even though the essence of Arctic Circle is “just” to exchange knowledge and ideas about the future of the Arctic. But since there is a presence of high-profile stakeholders, Arctic Circle receives a lot of media attention.
This is one of the reasons why some believe that the Arctic Circle annual assembly has the potential to be the
Davos
Davos (, ; or ; ; Old ) is an Alpine resort town and municipality in the Prättigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has a permanent population of (). Davos is located on the river Landwasser, in the Rhaetian ...
of the Arctic region, where high-profile stakeholders meet and discuss, in this case, Arctic affairs.
[Kuus (2022). Between an archipelago and an ice floe: The
know-where of Arctic governance expertise. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E147023FB410B4493D4B9258AD2B6260/S0032247422000316a.pdf/between-an-archipelago-and-an-ice-floe-the-know-where-of-arctic-governance-expertise.pdf
Retrieved 25 May 2025.] However, it is difficult to put a label on Arctic Circle as it can be described as something in between a conference and an international organisation.
Arctic Circle and The Role of Iceland
The role of Iceland in Arctic Circle is significant. The former president of Iceland Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson founded it and he is also currently chairman. Meanwhile, the annual assembly is held in Reykjavik. This is one of the reasons why researchers of Arctic affairs believe the Arctic Circle initiative has the potential to reposition Iceland as a global Arctic state.
In the late 2000’s and early 2010’s, Iceland was excluded from meetings with the Arctic Five, which consists of the five littoral states which border the Arctic Ocean; Norway, Denmark, Russia, Canada and The United States of America.
Due to this fact, Iceland had concerns that they would be left out of Arctic deliberations altogether, but being the host of such a big forum with such high profile stakeholders gives them an Arctic voice.
See also
*
Arctic Economic Council
*
Arctic Council
The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic region. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic ...
References
External links
*{{Official website, http://www.arcticcircle.org/
Arctic Circle video"The Coming Arctic Boom" (Scott G. Borgerson, ''Foreign Affairs'')
Arctic