Architecture Of Jacksonville
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The architecture of Jacksonville is a combination of historic and modern styles reflecting the city's early position as a regional center of business. According to the National Trust for Historic Preservation, there are more buildings built before 1967 in Jacksonville than any other city in Florida, though few structures in the city center predate the Great Fire of 1901. Numerous buildings in the city have held state height records, dating as far back as 1902, and last holding a record in 1981.


Prominent architects

Contributing heavily during the reconstruction period following the Great Fire of 1901, a young New York architect named Henry John Klutho would come to influence generations of local designers. Klutho's works exhibit elements influenced by both the Chicago School, championed by Louis Sullivan, and the Prairie School of architecture, popularized by
Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright Sr. (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed List of Frank Lloyd Wright works, more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key ...
. As a result, Jacksonville has one of the largest collections of Prairie Style buildings outside the Midwest. By the 1950s, modernist design principles would permeate throughout the United States, transforming the rapidly growing State of Florida. During this period, local architects Robert C. Broward, Taylor Hardwick, and William Morgan adapted a range of design principles, including
International style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
, Brutalism, Futurism and Organicism, all applied with an American interpretation generally referred to today as
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
design. The architecture firms of Reynolds, Smith & Hills (RS&H) and Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (KBJ) have also contributed a number of important works to the city's modern architectural movement. In particular, KBJ has designed more buildings in the contemporary skyline of Jacksonville than any other architectural firm. Of the 30 tallest buildings in the city, 17 are associated with KBJ. With the notable exception of works by Robert A.M. Stern Architects, Welton Becket, Paul Rudolph, and Helmut Jahn, many of Jacksonville's modern landmarks were designed locally.


Residential architecture


Houses

Few structures survive from the earliest period of Jacksonville's history, though there are a handful of notable exceptions. Built in 1797, Kingsley Plantation is the oldest surviving structure in the city and is currently maintained by the
National Park Service The National Park Service (NPS) is an List of federal agencies in the United States, agency of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government, within the US Department of the Interior. The service manages all List ...
as part of the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve. Located on Fort George Island, the plantation is a unique two-story house that resembles 17th century British gentry homes. The Red Bank Plantation House is a Georgian Revival style structure built in 1854. Marabanong Mansion is a Queen Anne style home built in 1876. Napoleon Bonaparte Broward House, built in 1878, and the Merrill House, built in 1886, are two examples of Victorian style homes in Jacksonville. The Great Fire of 1901 consumed much of central Jacksonville, leaving thousands homeless, and simultaneously sparked a significant period of growth lasting up until the end of the Florida Land Boom. Springfield, Riverside, Avondale, Eastside, Oakland and Fairfield had been platted and annexed into the city prior to the fire, and experienced much of the related growth after the disaster. Architect Henry John Klutho would become a popular figure in the reconstruction of Jacksonville, contributing his designs to many of the new structures, including dwellings. Built in 1902, The Thomas V. Porter House is a Classical Revival and
Colonial Revival The Colonial Revival architectural style seeks to revive elements of American colonial architecture. The beginnings of the Colonial Revival style are often attributed to the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, which reawakened Americans to the arch ...
style mansion designed by Klutho. He is better known for his works in the Prairie School style of architecture. His own home, Henry John Klutho House, is a prime example. The architecture firm of Marsh & Saxelbye would also establish itself during this period of growth. In 1925, the firm designed the Tudor Revival style Lane-Towers House. More famously, Epping Forest, completed in 1927, is a Spanish Colonial Revival style mansion designed by Marsh & Saxelbye. Following World War II, suburbs rapidly developed throughout the United States, due in large part to the rise of personal automobile ownership. Following the opening of the Mathews Bridge, Arlington would become the most important of these developments locally. This period also coincided with the popularization of Modern design in architecture. Designed by Robert C. Broward, the Butterfly House was completed in 1957 in the Arlington neighborhood. Its design elements, including the butterfly wing shaped roof, are sometime more broadly categorized today as
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
design. The Jacksonville Beaches also host a number of modern homes built during this period. Famed architect Paul Rudolph designed the iconic Milam House in 1961, which is on the
National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government's official United States National Register of Historic Places listings, list of sites, buildings, structures, Hist ...
. William Morgan designed the Williamson House in 1966, and his own home, Morgan House, in 1974. Both are located on the beach. File:Jax FL Red Bank Plantation01.jpg, Red Bank Plantation House, Georgian style. File:Fort George Island old house06.jpg, 19th century Napoleon Bonaparte Broward House on Fort George Island. File:Cleveland Ave.JPG, Shotgun houses on Cleveland Avenue in Durkeeville, Mid-Westside. File:Thomas V. Porter House, Jacksonville, FL, US (15).jpg, Thomas V. Porter House, located downtown. File:Jax FL Avondale HD02.jpg, Home in Riverside and Avondale. File:Jax FL Klutho House01.jpg, Henry John Klutho House, a
Prairie Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the ...
style home in Springfield. File:Jax FL Old Ortega HD01.jpg, Classical Revival residence in Ortega.


Apartments and condominiums

* 1913 Klutho Apartments, Prairie School, Henry John Klutho * 1923 John Gorrie, Renaissance Revival, Roy A. Benjamin and Mellen Clark Greeley (originally the John Gorrie Junior High School) * 1924 310 West Church Street Apartments, Georgian Revival/ Beaux-Arts, Hentz, Reid & Adler (originally the Ambassador Hotel) * 1925 The Carling, Renaissance Revival, Thompson, Holmes & Converse * 1926 11 East Forsyth, Chicago school/
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
, Pringle & Smith (originally the Lynch Building) * 1949 City Place, Moderne * 1967 The Commander,
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
* 1968 Cathedral Towers, Brutalist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 1970 Cathedral Townhouse, Brutalist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 1972 Mount Carmel Garden Apartments, Brutalist * 1973 Riverside Presbyterian Apartments, Brutalist * 1974 Cathedral Terrace, Brutalist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 1974 Hogan Creek Tower, Brutalist * 2003 Berkman Plaza * 2006 The Strands at St. Johns Center * 2006 San Marco Place * 2008 The Peninsula at St. Johns Center, Postmodern, * 2015 220 Riverside, Modernist, * 2016 Brooklyn Riverside Apartments, Modernist, * 2018 Lofts at LaVilla, Modernist * 2018 Lofts at Monroe, Modernist * 2018 Broadstone River House, Modernist File:Jax FL Churchwell Bldg03.jpg, Churchwell Building on East Bay Street File:Jax FL Klutho Apts01.jpg, Klutho Apartments in Springfield. File:Jax FL 310 West Church Street Apts01.jpg, 310 West Church Street Apartments (former Ambassador Hotel) in Northbank,
Downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district ( ...
. File:CarlingHotelJacksonville-2010-07-b.JPG, The Carling (former Hotel Roosevelt) in Northbank,
Downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district ( ...
File:11eforsyth.JPG, 11 East Forsyth CathedralTerraceJacksonville.JPG, 20th century Brutalist style residential towers in Northbank,
Downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district ( ...
. File:PeninsulaJacksonville-2010-02-a.JPG, High-rise condominiums on the Southbank,
Downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district ( ...
waterfront. File:Brooklynjax.jpg, Apartments in the
Brooklyn Brooklyn is a Boroughs of New York City, borough of New York City located at the westernmost end of Long Island in the New York (state), State of New York. Formerly an independent city, the borough is coextensive with Kings County, one of twelv ...
neighborhood


Commercial architecture


Places of business

* 1889 El Modelo Block * 1902 Old Florida National Bank, Classical Revival, Edward H. Glidden (originally the Mercantile Exchange Bank Building) * 1902 Plaza Hotel (Jacksonville), Oxford Ink Tattoo, Dr. Bexley (originally Chief Surgeon General's Quarters in 1832 before it burned down in 1901) * 1902 Dyal-Upchurch Building, Chicago school, Henry John Klutho * 1908 Bisbee Building, Chicago school/ Prairie School, Henry John Klutho * 1909 121 Atlantic Place, Chicago school/ Classical Revival, Mowbray and Uffinger (originally the Atlantic National Bank Building) * 1910 Morocco Temple, Egyptian Revival/ Prairie School, Henry John Klutho * 1911 Florida Life Building, Chicago school/ Prairie School, Henry John Klutho * 1912 Masonic Temple, Chicago school/ Prairie School, Mark and Sheftall * 1925 Groover-Stewart Drug Company Building, Marsh & Saxelbye * 1926 Scottish Rite Masonic Center, Egyptian Revival/
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
, Roy A. Benjamin * 1926 Schultz Building, Chicago school/ Classical Revival, Marsh & Saxelbye * 1926 Barnett National Bank Building, Chicago school, Mowbray and Uffinger * 1926 Elks Club Building, Mediterranean Revival, Roy A. Benjamin * 1927 Levy Building, Chicago school/ Renaissance Revival, Marsh & Saxelbye * 1927 Hildebrandt Building, Chicago school/ Renaissance Revival, Marsh & Saxelbye * 1928 Greenleaf & Crosby Building, Chicago school/ Renaissance Revival, Marsh & Saxelbye * 1929 Title & Trust Company of Florida Building, Classical Revival, Marsh & Saxelbye * 1941 First Federal Savings and Loan Building,
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
* 1941 Furchgott Building,
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
, * 1951 Jacksonville Transportation Authority Headquarters,
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
(originally the Atlantic National Bank Annex) * 1953 Old Peninsular Life Insurance Building,
International style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (occupied by Fidelity National Financial) * 1955 Eight Forty One,
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the Prudential Building) * 1955 Old Independent Life Building,
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 1957 Midtown Centre,
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
/
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Ira M. Koger (originally the Koger Center) * 1958 Skinner Dairy,
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Taylor Hardwick * 1960 CSX Transportation Building,
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
/
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Building) * 1963 JEA Tower,
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Ketchum & Sharp (originally the Universal-Marion Building) * 1965 Jessie Ball duPont Center,
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Taylor Hardwick * 1967 Riverplace Tower,
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
/
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Welton Becket, in association with Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the Gulf Life Building) * 1967 Times-Union Building,
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
/
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 1971 Blue Cross Blue Shield Building, Brutalist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 1974 Wells Fargo Center, Modernist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the Independent Life Building) * 1974 BB&T Building, Modernist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the Atlantic National Bank Building) * 1982 Chart House, Organic/ Modernist, Kendrick Bangs Kellogg * 1983 EverBank Center, Modernist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the Southern Bell Tower) * 1985 Two Prudential Plaza, Modernist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 1985 Stein Mart Building, Modernist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 1986 One Enterprise Center, Postmodern, Clark Tribble Harris & Li Architects (originally the Florida National Bank Building) * 1986 Baptist Medical Pavilion, Brutalist, * 1989 VyStar Tower, Postmodern, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the American Heritage Life Building) * 1990 Bank of America Tower, Postmodern, Helmut Jahn (originally the Barnett Center) * 2003 Raymond James Building, Postmodern, Jess Walker of Morris Adjmi Architects * 2008 EverBank Plaza, Postmodern File:121 Atlantic Place.jpg, 121 Atlantic Place File:Jax FL Barnett Natl Bank Bldg pano01.jpg, Barnett National Bank Building File:ftuhq.jpeg, '' The Florida Times-Union'' Building File:CSXHQ.JPG, CSX Transportation Building File:Southbank, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA - panoramio (1).jpg, Riverplace Tower File:BCBSBldgJacksonville-2010-07-b.JPG, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Florida File:Wellsfargojax.jpeg, The Wells Fargo Center is one of the city's most iconic buildings File:BaptistMedicalPavilionJacksonville-2010-07-a.JPG, Baptist Medical Pavilion File:Suntrusttower.JPG, The SunTrust Tower located on Laura Street in
downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district ( ...
OneECenter.jpg, One Enterprise Center and Omni Hotel Jacksonville File:Bofatower.jpg, The Bank of America Tower


Hotels

* 1869 St. James Hotel (destroyed in 1901) * 1875 Windsor Hotel (destroyed in 1901) * 1908 Seminole Hotel, Chicago school/ Prairie School, Henry John Klutho (demolished in 1974) * 1926 Hotel George Washington, Renaissance Revival, Marsh & Saxelbye (demolished in 1973) * 1928 Ribault Inn Club,
Colonial Revival The Colonial Revival architectural style seeks to revive elements of American colonial architecture. The beginnings of the Colonial Revival style are often attributed to the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, which reawakened Americans to the arch ...
, Maurice Fatio and Mellen Clark Greeley * 1959 Hotel Robert Meyer,
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
(demolished in 1998) * 1975 Hyatt Regency Jacksonville Riverfront Annex, Brutalist/ Modernist, William Morgan (originally the Davis State Building) * 1987 Omni Jacksonville Hotel * 2001 Hyatt Regency Jacksonville Riverfront


Shopping centers

* 1959 Gateway Town Center * 1967 Regency Square Mall * 1987
Jacksonville Landing The Jacksonville Landing (informally The Landing) was a festival marketplace in Downtown Jacksonville, Florida, at the intersection of Independent Drive and Laura Street, along the Jacksonville Riverwalk.Postmodern. Ben Thompson (demolished in 2020) * 1990 The Avenues * 2005 St. Johns Town Center File:StJohnsTCJax.jpg, St. Johns Town Center File:Jacksonville Landing Dec 2016.jpg,
Jacksonville Landing The Jacksonville Landing (informally The Landing) was a festival marketplace in Downtown Jacksonville, Florida, at the intersection of Independent Drive and Laura Street, along the Jacksonville Riverwalk.County Courthouse (destroyed in 1901) * 1902 County Courthouse, Classical Revival, Rutledge Holmes (demolished) * 1909 Godbold Building, Chicago school/ Prairie School, Henry John Klutho (Originally the YMCA Building) * 1912 St. James Building, Chicago school/ Prairie School, Henry John Klutho * 1913 The Criminal Court Building, Prairie School, Henry John Klutho (demolished in 1968) * 1924 Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Jacksonville Branch, Georgian Revival, Henrietta Cuttino Dozier and A. Ten Eyck Brown * 1933 Ed Austin Building, PWA Moderne/ Stripped Classicism, Marsh & Saxelbye (originally the United States Federal Courthouse) * 1952 Fire and Rescue Headquarters Building,
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
/ Modernist, (originally the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Jacksonville Branch) * 1958 Old Duval County Courthouse,
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
, Reynolds, Smith & Hills * 1960 City Hall Annex,
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Reynolds, Smith & Hills (Former City Hall) * 1961 Edward Ball Building,
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
(originally the Florida National Bank Building) * 1966 Charles E. Bennett Federal Building, Brutalist/
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Reynolds, Smith & Hills * 1977 Jacksonville Sheriff's Office Headquarters, Brutalist/ Modernist, William Morgan * 2002 Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse, Postmodern, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 2012 Duval County Courthouse, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson File:Yates Building, Jacksonville.JPG, Yates Building File:FL-Jacksonville 1933 Ref.jpg, Ed Austin Building File:CityHAEast.jpg, City Hall Annex File:Frbjax.jpg, Jacksonville Fire and Rescue Department Headquarters (Former Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Jacksonville Branch) File:Edballjax.jpeg, The Ed Ball Building File:JaxFederalCourthouse.jpg, United States Courthouse File:DuvalCountyCourthouse.JPG, Duval County Courthouse


Education

* 1905 Carnegie Library, Classical Revival, Henry John Klutho * 1916 Centennial Hall, Georgian Revival, Howells & Stokes * 1925 Bolles School, Mediterranean Revival, Marsh & Saxelbye * 1974 J. Henry Gooding Building on the Jacksonville University campus, Brutalist, Kemp, Bunch & Jackson * 2005 Main Library Building, Postmodern, Robert A. M. Stern * 2009 University of North Florida Student Union,
Green Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a com ...
/ Modernist, Rink Design File:Carnegie_Library_Jacksonville.jpg, Carnegie Library File:Jax FL Waters College Admin Bldg sq pano02.jpg, Edward Waters College File:JU campus Gooding.jpg, Gooding Building on the Jacksonville University Campus File:Jacksonville Main Library 2008.jpg, Jacksonville Public Library File:Osprey Plaza at night.JPG, University of North Florida Student Union


Museums

Jacksonville is home to a variety of museums of varied styles. Completed in 1921, the Karpeles Manuscript Library Museum is a Classical Revival building originally constructed for the Church of Christian Scientist. It was designed by the local architecture firm Marsh & Saxelbye. Also designed by Marsh & Saxelbye, the Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville was originally built in 1931 for the Western Union Telegraph Company, and stands as one of Jacksonville's best examples of
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
in architecture. Another example of Art Deco is the Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens. Completed in 1961, the fine arts museum was designed by Saxelby & Powell. Constructed in 1965, the Jacksonville Art Museum was predecessor of what is now the Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville. Designed by Taylor Hardwick, the building is located in the Midtown Centre office complex. Originally built in 1969 as the Jacksonville Children's Museum, William Morgan's Brutalist designed museum currently houses the Museum of Science and History. File:Jax FL Karpeles Library Museum05.jpg, Karpeles Manuscript Library Museum File:10-moca-jacksonville.jpg, Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville File:Jax FL Museum of SH pano01.jpg, Museum of Science and History


Houses of worship

* 1883 St. George Episcopal Church,
Carpenter Gothic Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architecture, Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massin ...
, Robert Sands Schuyler * 1887 St. Andrew's Episcopal Church,
Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an Architectural style, architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half ...
, Robert Sands Schuyler * 1903 Snyder Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, Late Gothic Revival, J. H. W. Hawkins * 1904 Bethel Church, Greek Revival/ Romanesque Revival, M. H. Hubbard * 1905 Mount Zion AME Church, Romanesque Revival, Francis J. Norton and J. B. Carr & Co. * 1906 St. John's Cathedral,
Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an Architectural style, architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half ...
, Snelling and Potter * 1910 Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Late Gothic Revival, M. H. Hubbard * 1917 Our Lady of the Angels Catholic Church, Late Gothic Revival * 1927 Riverside Baptist Church, Romanesque Revival, Addison Mizner * 1967 St. Paul's by-the-Sea Episcopal Church,
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Blake Ellis File:Jax FL Immaculate Conception Church sq pano01.jpg, Immaculate Conception Catholic Church File:First Presbyterian Church, Jacksonville, FL, US (03).jpg, First Presbyterian Church File:St. John the Divine Greek Orthodox Church, Jacksonville.JPG, St. John the Divine Greek Orthodox Church File:Jax FL Riverside Baptist Church01.jpg, Riverside Baptist Church File:The Bethel Church03.jpg, Bethel Church File:Jacksonville FL St Andrews Episc Church02.jpg, St. Andrews


Cultural architecture


Entertainment venues

The city host a number of music and performance venues, most notably the Florida Theatre. Designed by local architect Roy A. Benjamin, the Mediterranean Revival style theater opened in 1927. Benjamin designed a number of other local venues, including the Renaissance Revival style Riverside Theatre in 1927 and the
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
style San Marco Theatre in 1939. Designed by Jefferson Davis Powell in 1929, the Ritz Theatre is another local example of Art Deco architecture in Jacksonville entertainment venues. The
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
Jacksonville Coliseum The Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Coliseum (originally and still commonly known as the Jacksonville Coliseum) was a multi-purpose arena located in Jacksonville, Florida. Built in 1960 and known as "northern Florida's most historic concert venue ...
was built in 1960 and designed by A. Eugene Cellar and George Ryad Fisher. Demolished in 2003, the building exhibited what is now coined as Googie architecture. Built in the
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
in 1962, the Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts is one of many examples of buildings designed locally by the firm of Kemp, Bunch & Jackson. The newest addition to the local entertainment venue stock is the Populous designed Daily's Place. Completed in 2017, the venue is attached to the southern edge of Everbank Field. File:Jax FL Ritz Theatre02.jpg, Ritz Theatre File:Cine San Marco.JPG, San Marco Theatre File:JacksonvilleMemorialColiseum.PNG, Jacksonville Coliseum (demolished) File:Tupacjax.jpg, Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts


Sports venues

Jacksonville is home to several major sports venues, most notably EverBank Field, home stadium facility of the
Jacksonville Jaguars The Jacksonville Jaguars are a professional American football team based in Jacksonville, Florida. The Jaguars compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the American Football Conference (AFC) AFC South, South division. The team ...
of the
National Football League The National Football League (NFL) is a Professional gridiron football, professional American football league in the United States. Composed of 32 teams, it is divided equally between the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National ...
(NFL). Completed in 1995, it was designed by the architecture firm HOK Sport. Opening in 2003, the Postmodern styled Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville and Veterans Memorial Arena were both designed by the architecture firm Populous. File:EverBank1.jpg, EverBank Field File:Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville.JPG, Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville File:Jacksonville_Veterans_Memorial_Arena.JPG, Veterans Memorial Arena


Transportation architecture

* 1895 Flagler Depot (partially demolished in 1918) * 1919
Union Station A union station, union terminal, joint station, or joint-use station is a railway station at which the tracks and facilities are shared by two or more separate railway company, railway companies, allowing passengers to connect conveniently bet ...
, Beaux-arts, Kenneth M. Murchison and W.B.W. Howe * 1968 Original Jacksonville International Airport Terminal * 2005 Jacksonville International Airport File:JAXTicketing.JPG, Interior of Jacksonville International Airport File:PrimeOsborneCenterJAX.JPG, Jacksonville Terminal File:Hemmingplazastation.JPG, James Weldon Johnson Park station File:Downtown Jacksonville, New Acosta Bridge.jpg, Acosta Bridge File:Meetup DamesPt 6-14-10-9419.jpg, Dames Point Bridge File:Fuller Warren Bridge, Jacksonville FL 2 Panorama.jpg, Fuller Warren Bridge File:Hart Bridge in Jacksonville.jpg, Hart Bridge File:MSBJaxFL.jpg, Main St Bridge File:Mathews Bridge.jpg, Mathews Bridge


Parks and historic sites

* 1564 Fort Caroline (destroyed in 1568; reconstructed in late 20th century) * 1797 Kingsley Plantation * 1852 Old City Cemetery * 1857 James Weldon Johnson Park (formerly Hemming Park, originally City Park) * 1878 Old St. Luke's Hospital 314 North Palmetto * 1899 Klutho Park (originally Springfield Park) * 1919 Memorial Park,
Olmsted Brothers The Olmsted Brothers company was a Landscape architecture, landscape architectural firm in the United States, established in 1898 by brothers John Charles Olmsted (1852–1920) and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. (1870–1957), sons of the landscape ar ...
and Roy A. Benjamin * 1947 American Red Cross Volunteer Life Saving Corps Station,
Art Moderne Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by Aerodynamics, aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In indu ...
, Jefferson Davis Powell * 1965 Friendship Fountain,
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
, Taylor Hardwick File:KingsleyPlantationSunset2.jpg, Kingsley Plantation File:OldStLukesJax.PNG, Old St. Luke Hospital File:Memorial Day 2014 v2.jpg, American Red Cross Volunteer Life Saving Corps Station


Tallest buildings

The 10 tallest standard structures: Chronology of the tallest buildings in Jacksonville:


Accolades

"Florida Architecture: 100 places, 100 years", compiled by the Florida chapter of the
American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach progr ...
.


Styles and schools

Jacksonville architects used many design styles and belonged to a variety of architectural schools. Below is a list of those styles and schools. * American Four-Square *
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
/ Moderne * Beaux-Arts * Brutalism * Chicago School (also known as Commercial Style) *Classical Revival (also known as
Neoclassical architecture Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassicism, Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy, France and Germany. It became one of t ...
) *
Colonial Revival The Colonial Revival architectural style seeks to revive elements of American colonial architecture. The beginnings of the Colonial Revival style are often attributed to the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, which reawakened Americans to the arch ...
*Craftsman (also known as
American Craftsman American Craftsman is an American domestic architectural style, inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement, which included interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts, beginning in the last years of the 19th century. ...
) * Dutch Colonial * Eastlake/Stick * Egyptian Revival *
Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an Architectural style, architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half ...
* International * Mediterranean Revival * Modern * Prairie School * Queen Anne *Renaissance Revival (also known as Neo-Renaissance) * Shotgun *Spanish Revival (also known as Spanish Colonial Revival) * Tudor Revival


See also

*
List of tallest buildings in Jacksonville This list of tallest buildings in Jacksonville ranks by height the skyscrapers and high-rises in the city of Jacksonville, Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States. The tallest building in Jacksonville is the Bank of America Tower (Jac ...
* National Register of Historic Places listings in Duval County, Florida


References


Further reading

* Wood, Wayne W., Davis, Judy (1989). ''Jacksonville's Architectural Heritage: Landmarks for the Future''. University Press of Florida. * Broward, Robert (1984). ''The Architecture of Henry John Klutho''. University Press of Florida. * Hochstim, Jan (2005). ''Florida Modern: Residential Architecture 1945-1970''. Rizzoli. * King, Joseph (2005). ''Paul Rudolph: The Florida Houses''. Princeton Architectural Press. * McCarter, Robert (2002). ''William Morgan, Selected and Current Works''. Images Publishing Group. * Taylor Hardwick (2014). ''Taylor Hardwick: 60 Years of Design''. Taylor Hardwick.


External links


Jacksonville Planning and Development Dept.
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Architecture of Jacksonville Jacksonville, Florida Jacksonville, Florida-related lists Buildings and structures in Jacksonville, Florida Jacksonville