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Architectural painting (also Architecture painting) is a form of
The 16th century saw the development of architectural painting as a separate genre in Western art. The main centers in this period were Flanders and the Netherlands. The first important architectural painter was Dutch Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527–1607), who was both an architect and a painter. Students of Hans Vredeman de Vries, both in Flanders and in the Netherlands, include his sons Salomon and Paul, and Hendrik van Steenwijk I. Through them the genre was popularized and their family and students turned it into one of the main domains of
* Stefano Orlandi (1681–1760)
*
* Samuel Prout (1783–1852), watercolours
* Thomas H. Shepherd (1792–1864), watercolours
Architectural painting (also Architecture painting) is a form of genre painting
Genre painting (or petit genre) is the painting of genre art, which depicts aspects of everyday life by portraying ordinary people engaged in common activities. One common definition of a genre scene is that it shows figures to whom no identity ca ...
where the predominant focus lies on architecture, including both outdoor and interior views. While architecture was present in many of the earliest paintings and illuminations, it was mainly used as background or to provide rhythm to a painting. In the Renaissance, architecture was used to emphasize the perspective and create a sense of depth, like in Masaccio
Masaccio (, ; ; December 21, 1401 – summer 1428), born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone, was a Florentine artist who is regarded as the first great List of Italian painters, Italian painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaiss ...
's ''Holy Trinity
The Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the Christian doctrine concerning the nature of God, which defines one God existing in three, , consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three ...
'' from the 1420s.
In Western art, architectural painting as an independent genre developed in the 16th century in Flanders and the Netherlands, and reached its peak in 16th and 17th century Dutch painting. Later, it developed in a tool for Romantic paintings, with e.g. views of ruins becoming very popular. Closely related genres are architectural fantasies and trompe-l'oeils, especially illusionistic ceiling painting
Illusionistic ceiling painting, which includes the techniques of perspective di sotto in sù and quadratura, is the tradition in Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo art in which '' trompe-l'œil'', perspective tools such as foreshortening, and othe ...
, and cityscape
In the visual arts, a cityscape (urban landscape) is an artistic representation, such as a painting, drawing, print or photograph, of the physical aspects of a city or urban area. It is the urban equivalent of a landscape. ''Townscape'' is ...
s.
Western artists specialized in architectural painting
16th century
The 16th century saw the development of architectural painting as a separate genre in Western art. The main centers in this period were Flanders and the Netherlands. The first important architectural painter was Dutch Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527–1607), who was both an architect and a painter. Students of Hans Vredeman de Vries, both in Flanders and in the Netherlands, include his sons Salomon and Paul, and Hendrik van Steenwijk I. Through them the genre was popularized and their family and students turned it into one of the main domains of Dutch Golden Age painting
Dutch Golden Age painting is the painting of the Dutch Golden Age, a period in Dutch history roughly spanning the 17th century, during and after the later part of the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) for Dutch independence.
The new Dutch Republi ...
.
Flanders
* Salomon Vredeman de Vries (1556–1604) * Paul Vredeman de Vries (1567–1617) * Hendrick Aerts (between 1565 and 1575 – 1603)Netherlands
* Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527–1607) * Hendrik van Steenwijk I (1550–1603), the first to specialize in church interiors17th century
Flanders
* Pieter Neefs the Elder (1578–1656) * Hendrik van Steenwijk II (c.1580–1649) * Lodewijck Neefs (1617–1649) * Wolfgang de Smet (1617–1685) *Pieter Neefs the Younger
Pieter Neefs the Younger or Pieter Neeffs the Younger (bapt. 23 May 1620 – after 1675) was a Flemish people, Flemish painter who mainly specialized in architectural interiors of churches.Frans Baudouin, "Neeffs," ''Grove Art Online'', Oxford Un ...
(1620–1675)
* Erasmus de Bie (1629–1675), between cityscapes and architectural painting proper
* Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (1630–c. 1676)
* Jacobus Ferdinandus Saey (1658 – after 1726)
* Lievin Cruyl (1634–1720)
Italy
* Viviano Codazzi (1606–1670) * Ascanio Luciano (1621–1706) * Andrea Pozzo (1642–1709), mainly illusionistic paintings * Luigi Quaini (1643–1717), not a pure architectural painter, but a contributor of architecture to other paintingsNetherlands
In the 17th century, architectural painting became one of the leading genres in the Dutch Golden Age, together with portrait painting and landscapes. Notable Dutch painter of the genre include: * Hendrik van Steenwijk II (1580–1649) * Bartholomeus van Bassen (1590–1652) * Pieter van der Stock (1593–1660) * Pieter Jansz. Saenredam (1597–1665) * Gerard Houckgeest (1600–1661) * Susanna van Steenwijk (1601–1664) * Dirck van Delen (1605–1671) * Daniël de Blieck (c. 1610–1673) * Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet (1612–1675): mainly church interiors * Emanuel de Witte (1617–1692) * Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde (1630–1693) * Jan van der Heyden (1637–1712) * Gerrit Adriaenszoon Berckheyde (1638–1698) *Caspar van Wittel
Caspar van Wittel or Gaspar van Wittel (; born Jasper Adriaensz van Wittel; 1652 or 1653 – 13 September 1736), known in Italian as Gaspare Vanvitelli () or (), was a Dutch Republic, Dutch painter and draughtsman who had a long career in R ...
(1652 or 1653–1736)
18th century
France
* Jacques de Lajoue (1687–1761)Italy
Architectural paintings, and the related vedute or cityscapes, were especially popular in 18th century Italy. Another genre closely related to architectural painting proper were the capriccios, fantasies set in and focusing on an imaginary architecture.
* Stefano Orlandi (1681–1760)
Netherlands
* Cornelis Pronk (1691–1759) * Jan ten Compe (1713–1761)19th century
Austria
* Rudolf von Alt (1812–1905)Belgium
* Jules Victor Génisson (1805–1860) * Jean-Baptiste Van Moer (1819–1884)Denmark
* Heinrich Hansen (1821–1890) * Jacob Kornerup (1825–1913) * Martinus Rørbye (1803–1848)France
*Charles Marie Bouton
Charles Marie Bouton (16 May 1781 – 28 June 1853) was a French painter.
He was a student of Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Victor Bertin and the first French panorama painter Pierre Prévost. He concentrated mostly on the perspective and t ...
(1781–1853)
Germany
* Wilhelm Barth (1779–1852) * Michael Neher (1798–1876) * Eduard Gaertner (1801–1877) * Max Emanuel Ainmiller (1807–1870) * Friedrich August Elsasser (1810–1845) * Hermann Gemmel (1813–1868) * Adolf Seel (1829–1907)Italy
*Giovanni Migliara
Giovanni Migliara (October15, 1785April18, 1837) was a nobleman and Italian painter active at the beginning of the 19th century, painting veduta, vedute and history paintings.
Biography
Born to artisan parents of limited means, he was apprenti ...
(1785–1837)
*Federico Moja
Federico Moja (October 20, 1802 – March 29, 1885) was an Italian people, Italian painter, known best for his vedute and views of interior architecture.
Biography
Born in Milan into a family of artists, Moja began studying at the Brera Academy ...
(1802–1885)
United Kingdom
* Samuel Prout (1783–1852), watercolours
* Thomas H. Shepherd (1792–1864), watercolours
Modern art
* Colin Campbell Cooper, paintings of skyscrapers *Eugeniusz Molski
Eugeniusz Molski (born in 1942 in Bagienice) is a Polish contemporary artist, painter and sculptor. Attended a State Fine Arts College in Nałęczów and a State Academy of Fine Arts in Wrocław where he obtained his diploma in 1969. He special ...
, Polish painter
Chinese architectural painting
In China, architectural painting was called "jiehua
''Jiehua'' (Simplified Chinese characters, simplified Chinese: 界画; Traditional Chinese characters, traditional Chinese: 界畫) painting, sometimes translated as “border painting,” “boundary painting,” or “ruled-line painting,” is ...
", and mainly seen as an inferior type of painting. Known masters of the genre include the 10th century painter Guo Zhongshu
Guo Zhongshu ( 929 – 977), courtesy name Shuxian (or Guobao, according to '' Xuanhe Huapu''), was a Chinese calligrapher, painter, philologist, and scholar during the Five Dynasties period and Song dynasty. He was noted for his paintings o ...
, and Wang Zhenpeng, who was active around 1300.
Notes
{{reflist Painting Visual arts genres Dutch painting Flemish art Art of the Dutch Golden Age