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Architectural painting (also Architecture painting) is a form of
genre painting Genre painting (or petit genre), a form of genre art, depicts aspects of everyday life by portraying ordinary people engaged in common activities. One common definition of a genre scene is that it shows figures to whom no identity can be attache ...
where the predominant focus lies on architecture, including both outdoor and interior views. While architecture was present in many of the earliest paintings and illuminations, it was mainly used as background or to provide rhythm to a painting. In the Renaissance, architecture was used to emphasize the perspective and create a sense of depth, like in
Masaccio Masaccio (, , ; December 21, 1401 – summer 1428), born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone, was a Florentine artist who is regarded as the first great Italian painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance. According to Vasar ...
's ''
Holy Trinity The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the central dogma concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God the ...
'' from the 1420s. In Western art, architectural painting as an independent genre developed in the 16th century in Flanders and the Netherlands, and reached its peak in 16th and 17th century Dutch painting. Later, it developed in a tool for Romantic paintings, with e.g. views of ruins becoming very popular. Closely related genres are architectural fantasies and trompe-l'oeils, especially illusionistic ceiling painting, and
cityscape In the visual arts, a cityscape (urban landscape) is an artistic representation, such as a painting, drawing, print or photograph, of the physical aspects of a city or urban area. It is the urban equivalent of a landscape. ''Townscape'' i ...
s.


Western artists specialized in architectural painting


16th century

The 16th century saw the development of architectural painting as a separate genre in Western art. The main centers in this period were Flanders and the Netherlands. The first important architectural painter was Dutch Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-1607), who was both an architect and a painter. Students of Hans Vredeman de Vries, both in Flanders and in the Netherlands, include his sons Salomon and Paul, and
Hendrik van Steenwijk I Hendrik van Steenwijck I (also ''Steenwyck'', ''Steenwijk'') (''c''. 1550 – buried 1 September 1603Hendrik ...
. Through them the genre was popularized and their family and students turned it into one of the main domains of
Dutch Golden Age painting Dutch Golden Age painting is the painting of the Dutch Golden Age, a period in Dutch history roughly spanning the 17th century, during and after the later part of the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) for Dutch independence. The new Dutch Republi ...
.


Flanders

* Salomon Vredeman de Vries (1556-1604) * Paul Vredeman de Vries (1567-1617) *
Hendrick Aerts Hendrick Aerts (alternative names: Hendrick Aertsz., Henricus Arijssel, Hendrik Arts, Henricus A. Rijssel) (probably Mechelen, between 1565 and 1575 - probably Gdańsk, January 1603) was a Flemish painter and draftsman who painted mainly architectu ...
(between 1565 and 1575 - 1603)


Netherlands

* Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527–1607) *
Hendrik van Steenwijk I Hendrik van Steenwijck I (also ''Steenwyck'', ''Steenwijk'') (''c''. 1550 – buried 1 September 1603Hendrik ...
(1550–1603), the first to specialize in church interiors


17th century


Flanders

* Pieter Neefs the Elder (1578-1656) * Hendrik van Steenwijk II (c.1580–1649) * Lodewijck Neefs (1617-1649) *
Wolfgang de Smet Wolfgang de Smet (1617–1685) was a Flemish painter, who was active in Leuven in the mid-17th century. He is mainly known for his landscapes, architecture scenes and history paintings.Pieter Neefs the Younger (1620-1675) *
Erasmus de Bie Erasmus de Bie (1629–1675) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes.Erasmus de Bie
a ...
(1629-1675), between cityscapes and architectural painting proper * Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (1630–c. 1676) * Jacobus Ferdinandus Saey (1658 – after 1726) * Lievin Cruyl (1634-1720)


Italy

* Viviano Codazzi (1606-1670) * Ascanio Luciano (1621-1706) * Andrea Pozzo (1642-1709), mainly illusionistic paintings * Luigi Quaini (1643-1717), not a pure architectural painter, but a contributor of architecture to other paintings


Netherlands

In the 17th century, architectural painting became one of the leading genres in the Dutch Golden Age, together with portrait painting and landscapes. Notable Dutch painter of the genre include: * Hendrik van Steenwijk II (1580-1649) * Bartholomeus van Bassen (1590-1652) * Pieter van der Stock (1593-1660) * Pieter Jansz. Saenredam (1597-1665) * Gerard Houckgeest (1600-1661) * Susanna van Steenwijk (1601-1664) * Dirck van Delen (1605-1671) *
Daniël de Blieck Daniël de Blieck ( Middelburg, c. 1610 – Middelburg, 1673), was a Dutch Golden Age painter, draughtsman and architect, who specialised in architectural paintings. He painted both real and imaginary church interiors. Life Little is known a ...
(c. 1610-1673) *
Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet Hendrick Corneliszoon van Vliet (1611/1612, Delft – buried October 28, 1675, Delft) was a Dutch Golden Age painter remembered mostly for his church interiors. Biography He studied under his uncle Willem van der Vliet and was admitted to the ...
(1612-1675): mainly church interiors * Emanuel de Witte (1617-1692) *
Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde (baptized 27 January 1630 – before 23 November 1693) was a Dutch artist of the 17th century, active in Haarlem, Amsterdam, and The Hague. Biography Job Berckheyde was born in Haarlem and was the older brother ...
(1630-1693) * Jan van der Heyden (1637-1712) * Gerrit Adriaenszoon Berckheyde (1638-1698) * Caspar van Wittel (1652 or 1653-1736)


18th century


France

* Jacques de Lajoue (1687-1761)


Italy

Architectural paintings, and the related vedute or cityscapes, were especially popular in 18th century Italy. Another genre closely related to architectural painting proper were the capriccios, fantasies set in and focusing on an imaginary architecture. *
Stefano Orlandi Stefano Orlandi (1681 – 29 July 1760) was an Italian painter, active mainly in Bologna in the architectural perspective painting. He is known for painting fanciful architectural canvases, known as Capricci. Biography He trained with his f ...
(1681-1760)


Netherlands

* Cornelis Pronk (1691-1759) * Jan ten Compe (1713-1761)


19th century


Austria

* Rudolf von Alt (1812-1905)


Belgium

* Jules Victor Génisson (1805-1860) * Jean-Baptiste Van Moer (1819-1884)


Denmark

*
Heinrich Hansen Heinrich Hansen is the name of: * Heinrich Hansen (painter) (1821-1890), Danish architectural painter * Heinrich Hansen (theologian) (1861-1940), German theologian * Adolf Heinrich-Hansen, painter {{hndis ...
(1821-1890) * Jacob Kornerup (1825-1913) *
Martinus Rørbye Martinus Christian Wesseltoft Rørbye (; 17 May 1803 – 29 August 1848) was a Danish painter, known both for genre works and landscapes. He was a central figure of the Golden Age of Danish painting during the first half of the 19th century. The ...
(1803–1848)


France

* Charles Marie Bouton (1781-1853)


Germany

* Wilhelm Barth (1779-1852) * Michael Neher (1798-1876) * Eduard Gaertner (1801-1877) * Max Emanuel Ainmiller (1807-1870) *
Friedrich August Elsasser Friedrich August Elsasser (1810-1845), a painter of landscapes and architectural views, was born at Berlin and studied at the Academy of that city under Blechen, whose influence on art was at that time very great. In 1831 he went to Italy, and ...
(1810-1845) * Hermann Gemmel (1813-1868) * Adolf Seel (1829-1907)


Italy

* Giovanni Migliara (1785-1837) * Federico Moja (1802-1885)


United Kingdom

*
Samuel Prout Samuel Prout painted by John Jackson in 1831 Market Day by Samuel Prout A View in Nuremberg by Samuel Prout Utrecht Town Hall by Samuel Prout in 1841 Samuel Prout (; 17 September 1783 – 10 February 1852) was a British watercolourist, and ...
(1783-1852), watercolours * Thomas H. Shepherd (1792-1864), watercolours


Modern art

* Colin Campbell Cooper, paintings of skyscrapers * Eugeniusz Molski, Polish painter


Chinese architectural painting

In China, architectural painting was called " jiehua", and mainly seen as an inferior type of painting. Known masters of the genre include the 10th century painter Guo Zhongshu, and Wang Zhenpeng, who was active around 1300.


Notes

{{reflist Painting Visual arts genres Architecture Dutch painting Flemish art Art of the Dutch Golden Age