The Archdiocese of Bourges (; ) is a

Latin Church The Latin Church () is the largest autonomous () particular church within the Catholic Church, whose members constitute the vast majority of the 1.3 billion Catholics. The Latin Church is one of 24 Catholic particular churches and liturgical ...

archdiocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associated ...

of the

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France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

. The Archdiocese comprises the of

Cher Cher ( ; born Cheryl Sarkisian, May 20, 1946) is an American singer, actress and television personality. Dubbed the "Honorific nicknames in popular music, Goddess of Pop", she is known for her Androgyny, androgynous contralto voice, Music an ...

and

Indre Indre (); is a department in central France named after the river Indre. The inhabitants of the department are known as the ''Indriens'' (masculine; ) and ''Indriennes'' (feminine; ). Indre is part of the current administrative region of Cent ...

in the

Region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...

of Val de Loire. Bourges Cathedral, dedicated to Saint Stephen (), stands in the city of

Bourges Bourges ( ; ; ''Borges'' in Berrichon) is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre (Cher), Yèvre. It is the capital of the Departments of France, department of Cher (department), Cher, and also was the capital city of the former provin ...

in the department of

. Although this is still titled as an Archdiocese, it ceased as a metropolitan see in 2002 and is now a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of Tours.

History

The diocese was founded in the 3rd century. Its first bishop was Ursinus of Bourges. The ecclesiastical province of Aquitaine was substantially modified from the late Roman province of Aquitania Prima with which it initially corresponded. Bourges was a metropolitan by the beginning of the 6th century. Bishop Honoratus of Bourges presided at the

Council of Clermont The Council of Clermont was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, called by Pope Urban II and held from 17 to 27 November 1095 at Clermont, Auvergne, at the time part of the Duchy of Aquitaine. While the council ...

on 8 November 535. By the end of the 7th century, the ecclesiastical province of Bourges included the dioceses of Albi, Cahors, Clermont, Gabalitana (Javols),Limoges, Rodez, Toulouse, and Aniciensis (Le Puy). In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

there was a running dispute between the bishop of Bourges and the bishop of Bordeaux about the primacy of

Aquitaine Aquitaine (, ; ; ; ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Aguiéne''), archaic Guyenne or Guienne (), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former Regions of France, administrative region. Since 1 January 2016 it has been part of the administ ...

and the extent of the jurisdiction of the metropolitans. The archbishop of Bourges enjoyed primatial (patriarchal) jurisdiction over the ecclesiastical provinces of Narbonne, Auch, Bordeaux, and Toulouse.; to which was later added Albi, when it became an archbishopric. As metropolitan, the archbishop enjoyed jurisdiction over the dioceses of Clermont, S. Flour, Le Puy, Limoges, and Tulle.

Synods

A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See. John Paul II, Constitutio Apostolica ''de Synodis Dioecesanis Agendis'' (19 March 1997)
''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' 89
(1997), pp. 706-727. Bourges was the location of many synods. The synods of 30 November 1225, presided over by the papal legate Cardinal Romanus Bonaventura, and 1226 are the most important and dealt with the Albigenses. The council of 18 November 1228, presided over by Archbishop Simon de Sully (1218–1232) approved the suspension of the archbishop of Bordeaux, Géraud de Malemort (1227–1261), from his metropolitan status. Another council was held in 1276, another in 1286, and in 1336. Archbishop Jean Coeur held a synod in 1451. In 1516, Archbishop Antoine Bohier (1514–1519) held a synod. A synod took place in 1528, against

Martin Luther Martin Luther ( ; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, Theology, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and former Order of Saint Augustine, Augustinian friar. Luther was the seminal figure of the Reformation, Pr ...

and his teachings. Archbishop Jacques le Roy (1537–1572) published synodial constitutions in 1541. In September 1584, in accordance with the decrees of the

Council of Trent The Council of Trent (), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the "most ...

, Archbishop Renaud de Beaune (1581–1602) held a provincial synod in Bourges, and published the statutes. The meeting had been postponed for some time due to the plague. On 23 October 1608, Archbishop André Fremiot (1602–1622) presided over a diocesan synod in Bourges, and published the decrees and statutes. Other synods were held in 1643, 1645, 1652, 1662, 1673, 1676, and 1680. Archbishop Frédéric Jérôme de La Rochefoucauld (1729–1757) held a synod on 3 October 1738, others on 16 April and 22 October 1739, others on 5 May and 20 October 1740, another on 20 April 1741, others on 12 April and 25 October 1742, others on 9 May and 24 October 1743, and another on 23 May 1744. He published its statutes, along with citations from earlier councils and synods. On 6 October 1850, Cardinal Archbishop Jacques-Marie Dupont (1842–1859) held a provincial council in Clermont, attended by the bishops of Clermont-Ferrand, Saint-Flour, Tulle, Limoges, and Le Puy-en-Velay. Councils had been ordered in all of the ecclesiastical provinces of France by

Pope Pius IX Pope Pius IX (; born Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. His reign of nearly 32 years is the longest verified of any pope in hist ...

, who had been driven out of Rome and replaced by a republican government. They were expected to act to protect orthodoxy and obedience, and to reject the ideals of the revolutions. In the 14th century, the ecclesiastical province of which Bourges was the metropolitan included the dioceses of: Albi (5th cent.), Castres (1317), Cahors, Clermont, Saint-Flour (1317), Limoges, Mende, Rodez, Tulle (1317), and Vabres (1317). In the papal bull "Triumphans Pastor" issued by

Pope Innocent XI Pope Innocent XI (; ; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 until his death on 12 August 1689. Political and religious tensions with ...

on 3 October 1678, the diocese of Albi was promoted to the rank and status of metropolitan archbishopric, and assigned as suffragans (subordinates) the dioceses of Castres, Cahors, Mende, Rodez, and Vabres; this left the metropolitan archbishopric of Bourges with the dioceses of Clermont, Saint-Flour, Limoges, and Tulle. On the eve of the Feast of the Ascension in 1467, nearly the entire city of Bourges was consumed in a fire.

Chapter and cathedral

On 16 May 1559, a fire destroyed part of the cathedral of Saint-Étienne. The cathedral was staffed and administered by a corporation of clerics called the Chapter. The Chapter was headed by a dean and thirteen other dignities: the Cantor, the Chancellor, the Archdeacon, the Subcantor, the eight archdeacons, and the archpriest. Pope Urban III (1185–1187) increased the number of

prebend A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church. When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir ...

s from thirty to forty. Pope Clement III (1187–1191) confirmed the decree, and stipulated that forty should be the number of canons, both residentiary and non-residentiary together. There were thirty canons in the 17th century. In 1757, when king

Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity (then defi ...

dissolved the Sainte-Chapelle of the palace in Bourges, he reserved for himself, with the consent of the Chapter, the right to appoint to fourteen of the canonries of the cathedral. By virtue of a bull of

Pope Honorius II Pope Honorius II (9 February 1060 – 13 February 1130), born Lamberto Scannabecchi,Levillain, pg. 731 was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 December 1124 to his death in 1130. Although from a humble background, ...

of 27 December 1130, if a prebend was vacant for more than six months, the archbishop had the right to appoint to it. Canons were already in existence by 903, though they had abandoned the practice of living in common by 1215. Two canons of Bourges later became pope: Ubaldo Allocingoli, who became Pope Lucius III (1180–1185); and Umberto Crivelli, who was also an archdeacon of Bourges and became

Pope Urban III Pope Urban III (; died 20 October 1187), born Uberto Crivelli, reigned from 25 November 1185 to his death in 1187. Early career Crivelli was born in Cuggiono, Italy as the son of Guala Crivelli and had four brothers: Pietro, Domenico, Pastor ...

(1185–1187). Pierre Roger de Beaufort, who became

Pope Gregory XI Pope Gregory XI (; born Pierre Roger de Beaufort; c. 1329 – 27 March 1378) was head of the Catholic Church from 30 December 1370 to his death, in March 1378. He was the seventh and last Avignon pope and the most recent French pope. In 1377, ...

(1370–1378), was also an archdeacon of Bourges. In 1236, on the motion of Archbishop Philippe Berruyer (1232–1260), the Chapter instituted the rule that no one could become a canon who was not the product of a legitimate marriage, or who was of a servile condition (slave or serf).

French Revolution

On 2 November 1789, the National Assembly proclaimed that all ecclesiastical property was confiscated by the State. Even before it directed its attention to the Church directly, the National Constituent Assembly attacked the institution of monasticism. On 13 February 1790. it issued a decree which stated that the government would no longer recognize solemn religious vows taken by either men or women. In consequence, Orders and Congregations which lived under a Rule were suppressed in France. Members of either sex were free to leave their monasteries or convents if they wished, and could claim an appropriate pension by applying to the local municipal authority. The National Constituent Assembly ordered the replacement of political subdivisions of the ''ancien régime'' with subdivisions called "departments", to be characterized by a single administrative city in the center of a compact area. The decree was passed on 22 December 1789, and the boundaries fixed on 26 February 1790, with the effective date of 4 March 1790. A new department was created called "Cher," and Bourges became the administrative city in the department. The National Constituent Assembly then, on 6 February 1790, instructed its ecclesiastical committee to prepare a plan for the reorganization of the clergy. At the end of May, its work was presented as a draft

Civil Constitution of the Clergy The Civil Constitution of the Clergy () was a law passed on 12 July 1790 during the French Revolution, that sought the Caesaropapism, complete control over the Catholic Church in France by the National Constituent Assembly (France), French gove ...

, which, after vigorous debate, was approved on 12 July 1790. There was to be one diocese in each department, requiring the suppression of approximately fifty dioceses. The diocese of Bourges was named the diocese of the department of Cher. A new arrangement of dioceses into metropolitanates was ordered, and Bourges became the metropolitan of the "Metropole du centre," with seven suffragan dioceses. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy also abolished Chapters, canonries, prebends, and other offices both in cathedras and in collegiate churches. It also abolished chapters in abbeys and priories of either sex, whether regular or secular. On 12 July 1790, by decree of the Constituent Assembly, the cathedral Chapter of Bourges was abolished. Shortly thereafter, on 4 January 1791, Archbishop Chastenet de Puységur refused to take the obligatory oath to the Civil Constitution, and was obliged to leave the diocese in fear of his life; he sought refuge in London and then in Germany. His episcopal seat was declared vacant. On 20 March 1790, the electors of the department of Cher met at Bourges and elected Charrier de la Roche, a canon of Lyon, as their constitutional bishop. The election was uncanonical and schismatic. He had lost the election for bishop of Paris, but had succeeded in the election for bishop of Rouen; when he chose Rouen over Bourges, the electors had to hold another election. On 11 April 1791, they chose Pierre-Anastase Tourné, a former canon of Orleans and preacher to the king. He issued frequet pastoral letters, in strong opposition to the king, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly. In Bourges, he ordained married men as priests, and on 12 November 1793, apostasized. On 4 January 1794, he himself married; he returned to his native Tarbes, and died on 14 January 1797. In 1798, through the influence of Henri Gregoire, constitutional bishop of Paris, Tourné was replaced by Michel-Joseph Dufraisse, a former Jesuit and vicar of the diocese of Clermont. He was consecrated in Paris on 28 October 1798. He was compelled to resign in October 1801, and died in September 1802.

Restoration

The

French Directory The Directory (also called Directorate; ) was the system of government established by the Constitution of the Year III, French Constitution of 1795. It takes its name from the committee of 5 men vested with executive power. The Directory gov ...

fell in the coup engineered by Talleyrand and

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...

on 10 November 1799. The coup resulted in the establishment of the

French Consulate The Consulate () was the top-level government of the First French Republic from the fall of the French Directory, Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799 until the start of the First French Empire, French Empire on 18 May 1804. ...

, with Napoleon as the First Consul. To advance his aggressive military foreign policy, he decided to make peace with the Catholic Church in France and with the Papacy. In the

concordat of 1801 The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between the First French Republic and the Holy See, signed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII on 15 July 1801 in Paris. It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace–Lorraine, ...

with

Pope Pius VII Pope Pius VII (; born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti; 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823) was head of the Catholic Church from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. He ruled the Papal States from June 1800 to 17 May 1809 and again ...

, and in the enabling papal bull, "Qui Christi Domini", the constitutional diocese of Cher and all the other dioceses in France, were suppressed. This removed all the institutional contaminations and novelties introduced by the Constitutional Church, and voided all of the episcopal appointments of both authentic and constitutional bishops. The diocesan structure was then canonically re-established by the papal bull "Qui Christi Domini" of 29 November 1801, including the diocese of Bourges. The Concordat was registered as a French law on 8 April 1802.

The French monarchy and dioceses restored

had intended, in the bull "Commissa Nobis" of 27 July 1817, to restore the diocese of Nevers in accordance with the Concordat of 1817 with King Louis XVIII, but the French parliament had refused to ratify the concordat as law. On 6 October 1822, a revised version of the bull, now called "Paternae charitatis", was signed, and on demand of the king was enacted into French law in 1823. The territory of the diocese of Nevers was removed from the diocese of Bourges. The dioceses of

Orléans Orléans (,"Orleans"
(US) and Chartres Chartres () is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir Departments of France, department in the Centre-Val de Loire Regions of France, region in France. It is located about southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 1 ...

, and

Blois Blois ( ; ) is a commune and the capital city of Loir-et-Cher Departments of France, department, in Centre-Val de Loire, France, on the banks of the lower Loire river between Orléans and Tours. With 45,898 inhabitants by 2019, Blois is the mos ...

, which historically had been dependent on

Sens Sens () is a Communes of France, commune in the Yonne Departments of France, department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, 120 km southeast from Paris. Sens is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture and the second la ...

, were attached to

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

, from which they passed to Bourges in the 1960s. The Archdiocese, along with the three above-mentioned sees, is now suffragan to the

Archdiocese of Tours The Archdiocese of Tours (; ) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. The archdiocese has roots that go back to the 3rd century, while the formal erection of the diocese dates from the 5th century. The ecclesiastical pro ...

. Historical ecclesiastical geography has here changed to correspond with France's new regions, much as diocesan and provincial boundaries from

Concordat of 1801 The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between the First French Republic and the Holy See, signed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII on 15 July 1801 in Paris. It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace–Lorraine, ...

onwards changed mainly in accordance with those of the

Revolution In political science, a revolution (, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's class, state, ethnic or religious structures. According to sociologist Jack Goldstone, all revolutions contain "a common set of elements ...

's ''départements''. In 2002 it lost its metropolitan function.

Bishops of Bourges

To 600

::Louis Duchesne
pp. 23-25
has shown that the dates of the bishops before the 9th century are quite unreliable, as is the order of the names. * Ursinus of Bourges (3rd century) * Sevitianus * Aetherius * Thecretus * Marcellus * Viator (337–354) * Eleutherius (354–363) * Pauper 363–377 * Palladius (377–384) * Villicius (384–412) * Avitus 412–431 * Palladius (II) 448–462 * Leo (453) * Eulogius (462–469) * Simplicius (472–480) * Tetradius ( 506–511) * Ruricius 512–? * Siagrius * Humatus : ?–? * Honoratus of Bourges * Honoratus (II) * Arcadius 537–549 * Desideratus (549–550) * Probianus (552–559) * Saint Félix 560–573 * Remedius * Sulpicius (584–591) * Eustasius 591–591 * Apollinaris (591?–611?)

From 600 to 1000

* Austregisilus (612–624) *

Sulpicius The gens Sulpicia was one of the most ancient patrician families at ancient Rome, and produced a succession of distinguished men, from the foundation of the Republic to the imperial period. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulsh ...

(624–647) * Vulfoledus (647– after 660) * Ado (662–680) * Agosenus (682–683) * Roitio (696–736) * Siginus (736–761) * Leodarius * Dedoatus * Segoleneus * David * Bertholanus (c. 760) * Hermenarius ( 769) * Stephanus * Ermembertus ( 788–791) * Ebroinus ( 810) * Agilulfus (c. 829–840) * Rodulfus (840–866) * Wulfad (866–876) * Frotharius (876–c. 893) * Adicius ( 891) * Madalbert (900–910) * Gerontius (910–948) * Launus (948–955) * Richard de Blois (955–969) * Hugh of Blois (969–985) * Dagbert (987–1013)

From 1000 to 1300

* Gauzlin Capet (1013–1030) * Aimo de Bourbon (1031–1071) * Richardus ( 1071–1078) :... * Alberich of Reims (1136–1141) * Pierre de La Chastre (1141–1171) * Garin Gerardi (1174–1180) * Henry de Sully (1183–1200) * William of Donjeon (1200–09) * Girard de Cros (1209–1218) * Simon de Sully 1218–1232 * Philippe Berruyer 1232–1260 * Jean de Sully 1260–1271 * Guy de Sully 1276–1280 * Simon de Beaulieu 1281–1294 * Egidius Colonna 1295–1316

1300 to 1600

* Renault de la Porte 1316–1320 * Guillaume de Brosse 1321–1331 * Foucaud de Rochechouard 1331–1343 * Blessed Roger le Fort 1343–1367 * Pierre d'Estaing 1367–1370 * Pierre de Cros (1370–1374) * Bertrand de Chenac (1374–1386) * Jean de Rochechouart 1382–1390 * Pierre Aimery 1391–1409 * Guillaume de Boisratier 1409–1421 * Henry d'Avangour 1421–1446 * Jean Coeur 1446–1483 * Pierre Cadoüet 1483–1492 * Guillaume de Cambray 1492–1505 * Michel de Bucy 1505–1511 * Andrew Forman (1514) * Antoine Bohier 1514–1519 (elevated to Cardinal in 1517) * François de Tournon (1526–1537) (elevated to Cardinal in 1530) * Jacques le Roy, O.S.B. (1537–1572) * Antoine Vialart, O.S.B. (1572–1576) *

Renaud de Beaune Renaud de Beaune (12 August 1527 – 27 September 1606) was a French Catholic ecclesiastic. Life He held secular positions such as Councillor of Parliament and Chancellor of Francis of Valois, Duke of Touraine. The royal court greatly favoured h ...

(1581–1602)

From 1600 to 1900

* André Fremiot (1602–1622) * Roland Hébert (1622–1638) * Pierre d'Hardivilliers (1639–1642–1649) * Anne de Lévis de Ventadour (1651–1662) * Jean de Montpezat de Carbon (1665–1675) * Michel Poncet de La Rivière (1675–1677) * Michel Phélypeaux de La Vrillière (1677–1694) * Léon Potier de Gesvres (1694–1729) * Frédéric Jérôme de La Rochefoucauld (1729–1757) * Georges-Louis Phélypeaux d'Herbault (1757–1787) * Jean-Antoine-Auguste de Chastenet de Puységur (1788–1801)
–refused to resign; dismissed ;Constitutional church (schismatic) ::Pierre-Anastase Tourné (1791–1794) ::Michel-Joseph Dufraisse (1798–1801) * Marie-Charles-Isidore de Mercy (1802–1811) * Étienne-Jean-Baptiste-Louis des Gallois de La Tour (1817–1820) * Jean-Marie Cliquet de Fontenay (1820–1834) * Guillaume-Aubin de Villèle (1825–1841) * Jacques-Marie Antoine Célestin Dupont (1842–1859) * Alexis-Basile-Alexandre Menjaud (1859–1861) * Charles-Amable de la Tour d'Auvergne Lauraguais (1861–1879) * Jean-Joseph Marchal (1880–1892) * Jean-Pierre Boyer (1893–1896)Boyer: S. Grenier, ''Nos évêques: biographies et portraits des membres de l'épiscopat français'', , (Paris: Flammarion 1896), pp. 89-92.

From 1900 to present

* Pierre-Paul Servonnet (1897–1909) * Louis-Ernest Dubois (1909–1916), appointed Archbishop of Rouen (Cardinal later that year) * Martin-Jérôme Izart (1916–1934) * Louis-Joseph Fillon (1934–1943) * Joseph-Charles Lefèbvre (1943–1969) (Cardinal in 1960) * Charles-Marie-Paul Vignancour (1969–1984) * Pierre Marie Léon Augustin Plateau (1984–2000) * Hubert Barbier (2000–2007) * Armand Maillard (2007–2018) * Jérôme Beau (25 July 2018– )

References

Bibliography

Episcopal lists and notes

* * * * (in Latin) * * (in Latin) * * *

Studies

*De Lacger, Louis (1937)
"La primatie d'Aquitaine du VIIIe au XIVe siècle,"
, in: ''Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France'', Vol. 23, n°98, 1937. pp. 29–50. *Duchesne, Louis (1900)
''Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule''
. Volume 2. Paris: Fontemoing 1900. p. 21–31
2nd edition (1910)
*
Tome troisième (1775)
* Giradot, A. de Baron
''Histoire du Chapitre de Saint-Etienne de Bourges.''
Orléans: Alex. Jacob, 1853. *
Archived
* Jongleux, Edmond (1895)
''Bourges et la Révolution française 1789-1804''
. Bourges: Léon Renaud 1895. * Labbé, Philippus (1657). ''Nova Bibliotheca Manuscript

rum Rum is a liquor made by fermenting and then distilling sugarcane molasses or sugarcane juice. The distillate, a clear liquid, is often aged in barrels of oak. Rum originated in the Caribbean in the 17th century, but today it is produced i ...

Librorum'
Tomus Secundus Rerum Aquitanicarum, Praesertim Bituricensium
uberrima collectio. . Paris: Sebastian Cremoisy 1657. * Marguerye, R. de (1890). "Le grand incendie de la cathédrale de Bourges. Moeurs administratives au XVIe siècle," in
''Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires du Centre''
(Bourges: Tardy-Pigelet 1890), pp. 178–228. * *Sainte-Marthe, Denis (1720)
''Gallia Christiana in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa''
. Volume 2. Paris: Typographia regia 1720. p. 4–221; "Instrumenta," pp. 2–72. [reprint: ed. Paul Paolin 1873*

External links

* Centre national des Archives de l'Église de France
''L'Épiscopat francais depuis 1919''
, retrieved: 2016-12-24.

Lists of Bishops and Archbishops
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bourges, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Archbishops of Bourges"> Roman Catholic dioceses in France Dioceses established in the 3rd century">Roman Catholic dioceses in France">Archbishops of Bourges"> Roman Catholic dioceses in France Dioceses established in the 3rd century 3rd-century establishments in Roman Gaul