Arati Dixit

''Arti'' () or ''Aarati'' () is a Hindu ritual employed in worship, part of a '' puja'', in which light from a flame (fuelled by camphor, ghee, or oil) is ritually waved to venerate deities. ''Arti'' also refers to the hymns sung in praise of the deity, when the light is being offered. Sikhs have ''Arti'' ''kirtan'' which involves only devotional singing; the Nihang order of Sikhs also use light for ''arti''.

Etymology and origin

''Aarti'' is thought to have descended from ''Vedic'' ''fire rituals or yajna''. ''Aarati'' is derived from the Sanskrit word () which means something that removes , “darkness”.James Lochtefeld, An illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, , page 51 A Marathi language reference says it is also known as (). According to Steven Rosen, ''arti'' means "before night" or symbolic end of the night to the worshipper's "material sojourn - he or she is now situated in the light of God's devotion."Rosen, Steven (2006). ''Essential Hinduism''. Praeger Publishers. p. 196.

Practice

''Aarti'' ranges from simple acts of worship to extravagant rituals, but almost always includes a ''jyoti'' (flame or light). It is performed up to eight times daily, depending on the many Hindu traditions and temples. It is performed during most Hindu liturgies and occasions, and often involves circling a ''diya'' (lamp) clockwise before a murti or icon of a deity, accompanied by hymns. After waving the lamp before the deity, it is brought to the devotee, who then briefly places the palmar surface of both hands above the sanctified flame to receive its warmth. The devotee may then raise their hands in supination, bringing both palms toward to their forehead in a gesture of self-purification, and connection with the Divine.

The ''diya'' (lamp) used for ''aarti'' is most often made of brass, or other materials, and holds a cotton wick soaked in camphor, ghee, or oil. The ''aarti'' plate may contain other offerings like flowers, incense, and ''akshata'' (rice).

The purpose of ''aarti'' is waving light in a spirit of humility and gratitude, wherein the faithful become immersed in a God's divine form. All accoutrements used for ''aarti'' symbolize the five elements:
# Space () - yak-tail fan
# Wind () - peacock fan
# Fire () - lamp or candle
# Water ()
# Earth () - flowers

''Aarti'' may also be performed at shrines within a business or home.

Significance

''Arti'' is an expression of many aspects including love, benevolence, gratitude, prayers, or desires depending on the object it is done for. For example, it can be a form of respect when performed to elders, prayers when performed to deities, or hope when performed for homes or vehicles. Emotions and prayers are often silent while doing ''arti'', but this is determined by the person carrying out the ritual or the holiday involved. It's also believed that goodwill and luck can be taken through symbolic hand movements over the flame.

When ''arti'' is performed, the performer faces the deity of god (or divine element, e.g. Ganges river) and concentrates on the form of god by looking into the eyes of the deity to get immersed. The flame of the ''arti'' illuminates the various parts of the deity so that the performer and onlookers may better see and concentrate on the form. ''Arti'' is waved in circular fashion, in clockwise manner around the deity. After every circle (or second or third circle), when ''arti'' has reached the bottom (6–8 o'clock position), the performer waves it backwards while remaining in the bottom (4–6 o'clock position) and then continues waving it in clockwise fashion. The idea here is that ''arti'' represents our daily activities, which revolves around god, a center of our life. Looking at god while performing ''arti'' reminds the performer (and the attendees of the ''arti'') to keep god at the center of all activities and reinforces the understanding that routine worldly activities are secondary in importance. This understanding gives the believers strength to withstand the unexpected grief and keeps them humble and remindful of god during happy moments.

Apart from worldly activities ''arti'' also represents one's self - thus, ''arti'' signifies that one is peripheral to godhead or divinity. This would keep one's ego down and help one remain humble in spite of high social and economic rank. A third commonly held understanding of the ritual is that ''arti'' serves as a reminder to stay vigilant so that the forces of material pleasures and desires cannot overcome the individual. Just as the lighted wick provides light and chases away darkness, the vigilance of an individual can keep away the influence of the material world.

''Arti'' is not only limited to god. ''Arti'' can performed not only to all forms of life, but also inanimate objects which help in progress of the culture. This is exemplified by performer of the ''arti'' waving ''arti'' to all the devotees as the ''arti'' comes to the end – signifying that everyone has a part of god within that the performer respects and bows down to. It is also a common practice to perform ''arti'' to inanimate objects like vehicles, electronics etc. at least when a Hindu starts using it, just as a gesture of showing respect and praying that this object would help one excel in the work one would use it for. It is similar to the ritual of doing auspicious red mark(s) using ''kanku'' (''kumkum'') and rice.

Songs

Hinduism has a long tradition of songs sung as an accompaniment to the ritual of ''arti''. It primarily extols the virtues of the deity that the ritual is being offered to, and several sects have their own versions of the common ''arti'' songs that are often sung on chorus at various temples, during evening and morning artis. Sometimes they also contain snippets of information on the life of the deity.

The most commonly sung ''arti'' is that which is dedicated to all deities called Om Jai Jagdish Hare, known as "the universal ''arti''". Other arti's are used for other deities as well such as Om Jai Shiv omkara, Om Jai Lakshmi mata, Om Jai Ambe gauri, Om Jai Adya Shakti, Om Jai Saraswati Mata, Om Jai Gange Mata, Om Jai Tulsi Mata and Om Jai Surya Bhagvaan. In Ganesha worship, the ''arti'' "Sukhakarta Dukhaharta" is popular in Maharashtra.

In Swaminarayan Mandirs, Jay Sadguru Swami is the ''arti'' that is sung. In most temples in India, ''arti'' is performed at least twice a day, after the ceremonial '' puja'', which is the time when the largest number of devotees congregates.

In Pushtimarg Havelis, ''arti'' is performed by a sole ''mukhiyaji'' (priest) while "Haveli Sangit" (''kirtan'') is being sung. Devotees only watch the ''arti'' being done and do not get to take a major part in it. During bhajan or utsavs (festivals) celebrated at home, "Jai Jai Shree Yamuna" is sung while devotees perform ''arti''. It is said that Sandhya ''arti'' is done to see if Lord Shrinathji had gotten hurt while playing outside because it is performed after sundown.

Durga Puja

During the Bengali festival Durga ''puja'' ritual drummers – ''dhakis,'' carrying large leather-strung '' dhak's'', show off their skills during ritual dance worships called ''arti'' or '' Dhunuchi dance''.

Sikhism

In Sikhism, ''Gagan mai thaal'' is a type of ''arti'' recited by first guru, Guru Nanakhttp://www.livehindustan.com/news/tayaarinews/tayaarinews/article1-story-67-67-199585.html गुरु नानक देव और उनके द्वारा प्रवर्तित मार्ग in either 1506 or 1508 at Jagannath Temple, Puri, during his ''Udaasi'' (journey) to the east of the Indian subcontinent. Amritsar Sikhs sing ''Arti kirtan'', which comprise a few ''shabads'' from Guru Nanak, Ravidas and other Bhagats and Gurus. According to them, it is the ''arti'' of divine wisdom in the form of the ''Guru Granth Sahib'' – Sikhism’s eternal Guru and chief scripture. It is considered the equivalent of bowing on one’s knees before the ''Guru Granth Sahib''. This ''arti'' does not employ ritual items, but is instead sung after the daily recitation of the '' Rehraas Sahib'' and Ardās at Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, and most Gurdwaras worldwide.

An exception is the Nihang order, whose members first recite ''Aarta'' (prayers derived from ''banis'' in the ''Dasam Granth'' and ''Sarbloh Granth'' – scriptures of secondary and tertiary importance in the faith), and as in Hindu practise, employ ''diya'', flowers, conch shells, bells, incense during the ritual. This form of Sikh ''arti'' is also recited at Patna Sahib and Hazur Sahib.

See also

* Arti (given name)
* Blessing
* Jay Sadguru Swami
* Mantrapushpanjali
* Om Jai Jagdish Hare
* Shankha

Notes

External links

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Aarti
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