Arad County
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Arad County () is an administrative division ( judeÈ›) of
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
, mostly in the region of Crișana and few villages in
Banat Banat ( , ; ; ; ) is a geographical and Historical regions of Central Europe, historical region located in the Pannonian Basin that straddles Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lie ...
. The administrative center of the county lies in the city of Arad. The Arad County is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.


Name

In Hungarian, it is known as , in Serbian as , and in German as . The county was named after its administrative center, Arad.


Geography

The county has a total area of , representing 3.6% of national Romanian territory. The terrain of Arad County is divided into two distinct units that cover almost half of the county each. The eastern side of the county has a hilly to low mountainous terrain (Dealurile Lipovei, Munții Zărandului, Munții Codru Moma) and on the western side it's a plain zone consisting of the ''Arad Plain'', ''Low Mures Plain'', and ''The High Vinga Plain''. Taking altitude into account we notice that it follows a stepped pattern as it drops as we go from the east to the west of the county from 1489 m to below 100 m. In the east there are the Zarand Mountains and the Codru Moma Mountains, all subdivisions of the Apuseni Mountains, a major group of the Western Carpathians.


Neighbours

* Alba County and
Hunedoara County Hunedoara County () is a county (''județ'') of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva, Romania, Deva. The county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion. Name In Hungarian language, Hungarian, it is known as , ...
to the East. *
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
to the West - Békés and Csongrád Counties. * Bihor County to the North. * Timiș County to the South.


Climate and precipitation

In terms of climate, the characteristics of Arad county have a typical temperate continental climate with oceanic influences, with a circulation of air masses with a predominantly western ordered direction visible from west to east, with increasing altitude. Average annual temperatures range from 10 Â°C in the lowlands, the hills and piedmonts 9 Â°C, 8 Â°C and 6 Â°C in the low mountains in the area of greatest height. Average amounts of precipitation is between annually in the lowlands, annually in the hills and piedmonts and annually in the mountainous area.


Hydrographic network

The hydrographic network is composed of the two main rivers plus their tributaries and channels. * Mureș - Corbeasca, Troaș, Bârzava, Milova, Cladova * Crișul Alb - Hălmăgel, Valea de la Lazuri, Tăcășele, Cremenoasa, Zimbru, Valea Deznei, Valea Monesei, Tălagiu, Honțisor, Chisindia, Cigher


Lakes, ponds and channels

* TauÈ›, SeleuÈ™, Cermei, Rovine, Matca (Ghioroc) Lakes and Gypsy Pond * Matca, Canalul Morilor, Canalul Morilor, Ier, CriÈ™ Channels


Economy

Along with Timiș County it forms one of the most developed regions in Romania. Due to its proximity to the border, it attracts a great number of foreign investments. The agricultural potential is greatly put into value, Arad plains being considered one of the most important cereal and vegetable producing basins. The predominant industries in the county are: * Machine and automotive components * Food * Textiles Natural resources in Arad, are worthy to be taken into account as there are oil and associated gases, points of extraction in the west of the county, molibden mines in the Săvârșin area, marble quarries at Căprioara and Moneasa, mineral waters at Lipova, Moneasa, Dorobanți, Curtici, Macea and uranium deposits in the NE part of the county.


Tourism

The main tourist destinations are: * The city of Arad; * The Mureș Natural Floodplain Park; * Bezdin Monastery; * Hodoș-Bodrog Monastery (est. 1177); * Lipova resort and city; * Șoimoș, Dezna, and Șiria stone citadels; * Moneasa resort; * The areas around Săvârșin, Petriș, Macea, and Pecica.


Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 410,143 and the
population density Population density (in agriculture: Standing stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geog ...
was .


Politics

The Arad County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:


Administrative divisions

Arad County has 1 municipality, 9 towns and 68 communes with approximately 180 villages. ;Municipalities * Arad - capital city; population: 172,827 (as of 2002) ;Towns * Chișineu-Criș * Curtici * Ineu * Lipova * Nădlac * Pâncota * Pecica * Sântana * Sebiș ;Communes * Almaș * Apateu * Archiș * Bata * Bârsa * Bârzava * Beliu * Birchiș * Bocsig * Brazii * Buteni * Cărand * Cermei * Chisindia * Conop * Covăsânț * Craiva * Dezna * Dieci * Dorobanți * Fântânele * Felnac * Frumușeni * Ghioroc * Grăniceri * Gurahonț * Hălmagiu * Hălmăgel * Hășmaș * Ignești * Iratoșu * Livada * Macea * Mișca * Moneasa * Olari * Păuliș * Peregu Mare * Petriș * Pilu * Pleșcuța * Săvârșin * Secusigiu * Seleuș * Semlac * Sintea Mare * Socodor * Șagu * Șeitin * Șepreuș * Șicula * Șilindia * Șimand * Șiria * Șiștarovăț * Șofronea * Tauț * Târnova * Ususău * Vărădia de Mureș * Vârfurile * Vinga * Vladimirescu * Zăbrani * Zădăreni * Zărand * Zerind * Zimandu Nou


Historical county


Administration

In 1930, the county was divided into nine districts ('' plăși''):Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Arad
/ref> #Plasa Aradul-Nou (comprising 22 villages) #Plasa Chișineu-Criș (comprising 19 villages) #Plasa Hălmagiu (comprising 45 villages) #Plasa Ineu (comprising 15 villages) #Plasa Pecica (comprising 12 villages) #Plasa Sfânta Ana (comprising 13 villages) #Plasa Sebiș (comprising 37 villages) #Plasa Șiria (comprising 11 villages) #Plasa Radna (comprising 36 villages) Subsequently, a tenth district was established having been carved out of Plasa Ineu:
  1. Plasa Târnova (comprising 16 villages)
Administration was re-organized in 1947, comprising 13 districts:Arhivele Naționale ale României - Prefectura județului Arad 1867-1947
/ref> #Plasa Aradul-Nou #Plasa Chișineu-Criș #Plasa Curtici #Plasa Gurahonț #Plasa Hălmagiu #Plasa Ineu #Plasa Pecica #Plasa Radna #Plasa Săvârșin #Plasa Sebiș #Plasa Sfânta Ana #Plasa Șiria #Plasa Târnova


Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 423,469 inhabitants, 61.0% Romanians, 19.5% Hungarians, 12.3% Germans ( Banat Swabians), 2.8% Slovaks, 2.1% Jews, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, 55.8% declared Eastern Orthodox, 26.5% Roman Catholic, 5.5% Reformed, 4.2% Greek Catholic, 3.2% Lutherans, 2.4% Jewish, 1% Baptists, as well as other minorities.Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 525-528


Urban population

In 1930, the county's urban population was 77,181 inhabitants, 39.3% Romanians, 38.8% Hungarians, 9.1% Jews, 7.1% Germans (Banat Swabians), 1.7% Serbs and Croats, 1.4% Slovaks, as well as other minorities. In the urban area, languages were Hungarian (53.3%), Romanian (37.0%), German (6.0%), Serbian (1.4%), Yiddish (0.9%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of Roman Catholics (38.5%), Eastern Orthodox (33.8%), Jewish (10.1%), Reformed (9.9%), Greek Catholics (4.0%), Lutherans (2.6%), as well as other minorities.


Industry

The county's capital, Arad, was the location of Romania's first automotive factory. During the 1920s, ''Astra'' cars and commercial vehicles were made at Arad. ASTRA Arad manufactured automobiles from 1922 to 1926. The factory had an output of 2 automobiles per working day as of 1922.Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, 1922, ''Commerce Reports, Volume 1'', p. 105


See also

* Arad County of the
Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...


References


External links


www.virtualarad.net
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