There were several Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad.

Introduction

The most prominent of such Arabian tribes were Quraish which were in turn divided into several sub-clans. The Qur'aish sub-clan of

Banu Hashim ) , type = Qurayshi Arab clan , image = , alt = , caption = , nisba = al-Hashimi , location = Mecca, Hejaz Middle East, North Africa, Horn of Africa , descended = Hashim ibn Abd Manaf , parent_tribe = Qur ...

was the clan of Muhammad, while their sister sub-clan, the Banu Abd-Shams became known as his most staunch enemies. After Muhammad, the Muslim nation was ruled exclusively through the Quraish tribe, all the way until the

Ottoman Turks The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...

came into power. Other tribes include various ones that were centered on different cities, for example the

Banu Thaqif The Banu Thaqif ( ar, بنو ثقيف, Banū Thaqīf) is an Arab tribe which inhabited, and still inhabits, the city of Ta'if and its environs, in modern Saudi Arabia, and played a prominent role in early Islamic history. During the pre-Islami ...

and the

Banu Utub The Bani Utbah ( ar, بني عتبة, banī ʿUtbah, plural Utub; ar, العتوب ', singular Utbi; ar, العتبي ') is an Arab tribal confederation that originated in Najd. The confederation is thought to have been formed when a group o ...

. Notable are the Jewish tribes that had settled in Medina, they would play a prominent part in Muhammad's life, this included the

Banu Qurayza The Banu Qurayza ( ar, بنو قريظة, he, בני קוריט'ה; alternate spellings include Quraiza, Qurayzah, Quraytha, and the archaic Koreiza) were a Jewish tribe which lived in northern Arabia, at the oasis of Yathrib (now known as M ...

, Banu Nadir and the Banu Qainuqa, they participated in the Battle of Bu'ath, although they had a

truce A ceasefire (also known as a truce or armistice), also spelled cease fire (the antonym of 'open fire'), is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be between state ac ...

and an agreement with Muslims not to join the opposing armies, but they broke them.

List

The list includes: * Quraish — prominent in the city of

Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow val ...

* Banu Kinanah — the brothers of Quraish, and they are prominent in and mostly around Mecca *Banu al-Akhdari (Branch of quraish), They were very influential in

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and

Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast an ...

* Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat — the city of Yalamlam and around

Yathrib Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the second-holiest city in Islam, and the capital of the ...

and they are a branch of Banu Kinanah * Banu Jadhimah — the city of Yalamlam and they are a branch of Banu Kinanah * Banu Hothail — The Brothers of Khuzaimah, and their neighbors in Mecca *

— the city of Ta'if, Urwah ibn Mas'ud * Banu Bariq — the city of Bareq *

— the city of

Najd Najd ( ar, نَجْدٌ, ), or the Nejd, forms the geographic center of Saudi Arabia, accounting for about a third of the country's modern population and, since the Emirate of Diriyah, acting as the base for all unification campaigns by the ...

* Banu Ghatafan — east of Yathrib and Khaibar *

Banu Hilal The Banu Hilal ( ar, بنو هلال, translit=Banū Hilāl) was a confederation of Arabian tribes from the Hejaz and Najd regions of the Arabian Peninsula that emigrated to North Africa in the 11th century. Masters of the vast plateaux of th ...

-Hejaz and Najd *

Banu Tamim Banū Tamīm ( ar, بَنُو تَمِيم) is an Arab tribe that originated in Najd in the Arabian Peninsula. It is mainly present in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Algeria, and has a strong presence in Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia ...

— Dominant force in Central Arabia *

Banu Sa'ad The Banu Sa'd ( ar, بنو سعد / ALA-LC: ''Banū Saʿd'') was one of the leading royal tribes of Arabia during the Islamic prophet Muhammad's era. They were a subgroup of the larger Hawazin tribal confederation. They had close family relations ...

Banu Amr Banu Amr bin Auf () are an Arabian tribe in Quba, on the outskirts of Medina. Umar and his companions stayed with them during the hijra from Mecca. Its descendants today consist of the Harb tribe. See also *Arabian tribes that interacted with Muh ...

— Umar and his companions stayed with them during the hijrah from Mecca *

Banu Daws The Banu Daws ( ar, بنو دوس) was one of the clan of Arabia during Muhammad's era. Located south of Mecca, it is a branch of the Zahran tribe, among its leaders Tufayl ibn Amr, one of Muhammad's companions. There are Islamic prophecies with ...

— south of Mecca

Abu Hurairah Abu Hurayra ( ar, أبو هريرة, translit=Abū Hurayra; –681) was one of the companions of Islamic prophet Muhammad and, according to Sunni Islam, the most prolific narrator of hadith. He was known by the '' kunyah'' Abu Hurayrah "Fathe ...

Banu Abs ) , type = Ghatafan, Qays, Adnanite , image = Antarah ibn Shaddad & Abla.jpg , image_size = , alt = , caption = , nisba = Al-ʿAbsī , location = Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Eritrea, Kuwait, Jordan, United A ...

— Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman * Banu Jumah *

Banu Kalb The Banu Kalb ( ar, بنو كلب) was an Arab tribe which mainly dwelt in the desert between northwestern Arabia and central Syria. The Kalb was involved in the tribal politics of the eastern frontiers of the Byzantine Empire, possibly as earl ...

Abd al-Qays The Abd al-Qays ( ar, عبد القيس) was an ancient Arabian tribe from the Rabi'a branch of the North Arabian tribes. History Origins The name of the tribe means 'servant of the odQays'. It belonged to the tribal groups originally residen ...

Banu Khuza'a The Banū Khuzāʿah ( ar, بنو خزاعة singular ''Khuzāʿī'') is the name of an Azdite, Qaḥṭānite tribe, which is one of the main ancestral tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. They ruled Mecca for a long period, prior to the Islamic ...

— between Mecca and Badr *

Banu Hanifa Banu Hanifa ( ar, بنو حنيفة) is an ancient Arab tribe inhabiting the area of al-Yamama in the central region of modern-day Saudi Arabia. The tribe belongs to the great Rabi'ah branch of North Arabian tribes, which also included Abd ...

— they are a branch of

Banu Bakr The Banu Bakr bin Wa'il ( ar, بنو بكر بن وائل '), or simply Banu Bakr, were an Arabian tribe belonging to the large Rabi'ah branch of Adnanite tribes, which also included Abd al-Qays, Anazzah, Taghlib. The tribe is reputed to hav ...

* Banu Lakhm In Yathrib (later Medina) * Banu Kinanah *

Banu Khazraj The Banu Khazraj ( ar, بنو خزرج) is a large Arab tribe based in Medina. They were also in Medina during Muhammad's era. The Banu Khazraj are a South Arabian tribe that were pressured out of South Arabia in the Karib'il Watar 7th century ...

The Message
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Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

tribes: * Banu Alfageer * Banu Alkahinan — they traced their descent from

Aaron According to Abrahamic religions, Aaron ''′aharon'', ar, هارون, Hārūn, Greek ( Septuagint): Ἀαρών; often called Aaron the priest ()., group="note" ( or ; ''’Ahărōn'') was a prophet, a high priest, and the elder brother ...

* Banu Awf * Banu Aws Norman A. Stillman, ''The Jews of Arab lands: a history and source book'', p. 117Dr. Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri,
Constitutional Analysis of the Constitution of Madina
'' (excerpt) fled Syria under Ghassanid rule, then fled Yathrib (presently known as

Medina Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the second-holiest city in Islam, and the capital of the ...

), and after expulsion by

Muhammed Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monot ...

, back to Syria * Banu Harith or Bnei Chorath were rulers of Najran. * Banu Nadir — sub-clan of the al-Kāhinān, located in Yathrib(

) *

Banu Najjar Banu Najjar (Arabic: بَنُو نَجَّار, "sons of the carpenter") or Banu al-Naggar is the name of several unrelated historical and modern-day tribes throughout the Arab world. The individual tribes vary in religious composition. In Islam ...

* Banu Qainuqa — most powerful of all the Jewish tribes of the peninsula before Islam * Banu Quda'a —

Himyarite The Himyarite Kingdom ( ar, مملكة حِمْيَر, Mamlakat Ḥimyar, he, ממלכת חִמְיָר), or Himyar ( ar, حِمْيَر, ''Ḥimyar'', / 𐩹𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬) (fl. 110 BCE–520s CE), historically referred to as the Homerit ...

tribe of converts to

Sadducee The Sadducees (; he, צְדוּקִים, Ṣədūqīm) were a socio- religious sect of Jewish people who were active in Judea during the Second Temple period, from the second century BCE through the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. T ...

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...

Joseph Adler (May/June 2000), The Jewish Kingdom of Himyar (Yemen): Its Rise and Fall, ''Midstream'', Volume XXXXVI No. 4 *

— sub-clan of the al-Kāhinān, located in Yathrib(

), "principal family" fled Syria under Ghassanid rule, then fled Medina, after expulsion by Muhammed, back to Syria * Banu Sa'ida *

Banu Shutayba The Banu Shutayba was one of the Jewish tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era. They were included in point 31 of the Constitution of Medina as allies to the Muslims, being as "one nation", but retaining their Jewish religion Judaism ( he, ...

References

{{reflist

External links

*https://web.archive.org/web/20071006092639/http://www.yanabi.com/forum/messageview.cfm?catid=79&threadid=5270&forumid=1 History of the Jews in the Arabian Peninsula Islam and Judaism