''Scirpophaga'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

moth Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not Butterfly, butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is Paraphyly, paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (s ...

s of the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies ...

described by

Georg Friedrich Treitschke Georg Friedrich Treitschke (; 29 August 1776 – 4 June 1842) was a German librettist, translator and lepidopterist. In 1800, he came to the Vienna Hofoper. From 1809 to 1814, he was principal of the Viennese Theater an der Wien. He wrote mo ...

in 1832. Asian species include significant

rice Rice is a cereal grain and in its Domestication, domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice)—or, much l ...

stemborer pests.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Scirpophaga'' was first introduced by Treitschke in 1832 as a

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...

genus; including as single species ''Scirpophaga phantasmatella'' (which he misspelled as ''S. phantasmella'', and which is now known as ''S. praelata''). During most of history this genus has been completely confused, with most specimens being wrongly identified and most taxa being based on a

type series In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes t ...

containing numerous species. Males and females of the same species were often recognised as two independent species. Almost two centuries after the first species was described, in 1960 the Australian

entomologist Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...

Ian Francis Bell Common was the first to examine the

genitalia A sex organ, also known as a reproductive organ, is a part of an organism that is involved in sexual reproduction. Sex organs constitute the primary sex characteristics of an organism. Sex organs are responsible for producing and transporting ...

(for centuries the standard method by which one determines species in Lepidoptera) of the Australian specimens in this group, recombining and splitting the then defined genera into a number of new genera. He created the new genus ''Tryporyza'', in which he incorporated two species: ''Chilo incertulas'' and ''Tipanaea innotata'' (of which DNA research in 2019 has shown should be synonymised with ''

Scirpophaga nivella ''Scirpophaga nivella'' is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1794. It is found in southern Asia from the Indian Subcontinent in the west to southern China in the east, south to New Guinea and Austra ...

''). In 1980 P. Wang also classified ''Scirpophaga nivella'' within the genus ''Tryporyza'', only to have Angoon Lewvanich, after an exhaustive study of the genitals of over 6000 specimens from throughout the range of the group, to retire the genus ''Tryporyza'' as a synonym of ''Scirpophaga'' in the following year (1981). Treitschke gives as

etymology Etymology ( ) is the study of the origin and evolution of words—including their constituent units of sound and meaning—across time. In the 21st century a subfield within linguistics, etymology has become a more rigorously scientific study. ...

for the

generic epithet Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial spec ...

the word ''

Scirpus ''Scirpus'' is a genus of grass-like species in the sedge family Cyperaceae many with the common names club-rush, wood club-rush or bulrush. They mostly inhabit wetlands and damp locations. Description ''Scirpus'' are rhizomatous perennial herbs ...

'', a type of plant commonly known as a "rush", and the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

word φαγεῖν (transliterated ''phageîn''), which means "to eat".

Description

Palpi Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair of forward appendages among chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicera ...

porrect (extending forward) extending from once to twice the length of head, slightly hairy, and with downcurved third joint. Maxillary palp rather short and dilated with scales. A slight rounded frontal projection can be seen. Antennae of male minutely serrated, and ciliated. Patagia of male with spreading upturned hair. Tibia with outer spurs about half the length of inner. Abdomen long, where in female expanding at extremity and with very large anal tuft. Wings long and narrow. Forewings with vein 3 from before angle of cell. Veins 4 and 5 from angle and vein 7 straight and well separated from veins 8 and 9. Veins 10 and 11 free, or vein 11 becoming coincident with vein 12. Hindwings with vein 3 from near angle of cell. Veins 6 and 7 from upper angle.

Species

*''praelata''

species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

**'' Scirpophaga gilviberbis'' Zeller, 1863 **'' Scirpophaga humilis'' Wang, Li & Chen, 1986 **''

Scirpophaga imparellus ''Scirpophaga imparellus'' is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1878. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. The larvae possibly feed on ''Eleochari ...

'' (Meyrick, 1878) **'' Scirpophaga melanoclista'' Meyrick, 1935 **''

'' (Fabricius, 1794) **'' Scirpophaga parvalis'' (Wileman, 1911) **'' Scirpophaga percna'' Common, 1960 **'' Scirpophaga praelata'' (Scopoli, 1763) **'' Scirpophaga phaedima'' Common, 1960 **'' Scirpophaga xantharrenes'' Common, 1960 **'' Scirpophaga xanthopygata'' Schawerda, 1922 *''excerptalis'' species group **'' Scirpophaga adunctella'' Chen, Song & Wu, 2006 **'' Scirpophaga bradleyi'' Lewvanich, 1981 **'' Scirpophaga brunnealis'' (Hampson, 1919) **'' Scirpophaga excerptalis'' (Walker, 1863) **'' Scirpophaga flavidorsalis'' (Hampson, 1919) **'' Scirpophaga khasis'' Lewvanich, 1981 **'' Scirpophaga linguatella'' Chen, Song & Wu, 2006 **'' Scirpophaga magnella'' de Joannis, 1930 **'' Scirpophaga ochritinctalis'' (Hampson, 1919) **'' Scirpophaga xanthogastrella'' (Walker, 1863) **'' Scirpophaga tongyaii'' Lewvanich, 1981 *''occidentella'' species group **''

Scirpophaga fusciflua ''Scirpophaga fusciflua'' is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1893. It is found in Taiwan, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Thailand and Sri Lanka. The wingspan is 16–22 mm for males and 21–27 mm for ...

'' Hampson, 1893 **'' Scirpophaga goliath'' Marion & Viette, 1953 **'' Scirpophaga marginepunctellus'' (de Joannis, 1927) **'' Scirpophaga occidentella'' (Walker, 1863) **'' Scirpophaga ochroleuca'' Meyrick, 1882 **'' Scirpophaga serenus'' (Meyrick, 1935) **'' Scirpophaga subumbrosa'' Meyrick, 1933 **'' Scirpophaga virginia'' Schultze, 1908 *''lineata'' species group **'' Scirpophaga lineata'' (Butler, 1879) **'' Scirpophaga auristrigellus'' (Hampson, 1896) **'' Scirpophaga aurivena'' (Hampson, 1903) *''incertulas'' species group **''

Scirpophaga incertulas ''Scirpophaga incertulas'', the yellow stem borer or rice yellow stem borer, is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in Afghanistan, Nepal, north-eastern India, Sri Lanka, Banglades ...

'' (Walker, 1863) **'' Scirpophaga innotata'' (Walker, 1863) *''gotoi'' species group **'' Scirpophaga gotoi'' Lewvanich, 1981 *''whalleyi'' species group **'' Scirpophaga whalleyi'' Lewvanich, 1981 *unknown species group **'' Scirpophaga bipunctatus'' (Rothschild in Sjöstedt, 1926) **'' Scirpophaga fulvilinealis'' Hampson, 1900 **'' Scirpophaga kumatai'' Lewvanich, 1981 **'' Scirpophaga micraurea'' Sasaki, 1994 **'' Scirpophaga nepalensis'' Lewvanich, 1981 **'' Scirpophaga terrella'' Hampson, 1896

References

* Chen, F.Q., Song, S. & Weng, C.S. (2006). "A review of the genus ''Scirpophaga'' Treitschke, 1832 in China (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)" ''Zootaxa'' 1236: 1-22. * Fabricius (1794). ''Entomologia Systematica emendata et Aucta'' 3(2): 296. * * Schawerda (1922). ''Z. öst. Ent. ver.'' 7: 11. * Scopoli (1763). ''Ent. carniolica, exhibens Ins. Carnioliae indigena'': 198. * Treitschke (1832). ''Die Schmetterlinge von Europa'' 9(1): 55. * Wang P, Li, C. & Chen, X. (1986) ''Acta Entomologica Sinica'' 29 (2): 208–210. * Wileman (1911). ''Transactions of the Entomological Society of London'': 355. {{Authority control Schoenobiinae Crambidae genera Taxa named by Georg Friedrich Treitschke