Apolinary Horawski (also spelled Gorawski; ; ; 23 January 1833 – 28 March 1900) was a Belarusian-born Polish painter active mainly in St. Petersburg.

Biography

Apalinar (Apollinary) was born into an impoverished family of the Belarusian

landed gentry The landed gentry, or the gentry (sometimes collectively known as the squirearchy), is a largely historical Irish and British social class of landowners who could live entirely from rental income, or at least had a country estate. It is t ...

. His parents were Guilyar Frantsevich and Maryanna Yakauleuna Garausky. The family used the

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...

"Korab" (since the 17th century) and traced its

bloodline Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic infor ...

to the Belarusian

nobleman Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. T ...

Grakala-Garausky (in the 19th century the first part of the surname Grakala fell into disuse). The artist's father Guilyar Garausky inherited the land (about 200 ha) from his father and grandfather. In the family, there were three daughters and the sons Ipalit (1828 ― after 1864), Apalinar (Apollinary) (1833―1900), Karl (1838 ― after 1869), Hektar (1843―1893), Guilyar (1847 ― after 1875). Karl and Hektar were professional servicemen, Ipalit, Apalinar and Guilyar ― artists. Apollinary, at ten, was sent to serve in the

Brest-Litovsk Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk and Brest-on-the-Bug, is a city in south-western Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish town of Terespol, where the Bug and Mukhavets rivers meet, making it a border town. It serves as the admini ...

Cadet Corps.Kultura
Biography and appreciation by Boris Krepak Cadets studied general subjects of the classical school curriculum, such as languages, natural and social sciences. They were taught military disciplines, marching drill, riding, shooting, fencing, gymnastics, swimming, and also music and dance, drawing and painting. Apollinary had no inclination for military affairs, but liked drawing and painting. The architect

Nicholas Benois Nicholas or Nikolai Leontievich Benois (; – ) was a Russian architect who worked in Peterhof and other suburbs of St. Petersburg. Biography Benois was born in St. Petersburg, to Anna Katarina (''née'' Groppe), who was of German desce ...

, who was visiting Goravsky's uncle (Chief of the Cadet Corps), took notice of Apollinary's works and later helped him enroll at the

Imperial Academy of Arts The Imperial Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by Ivan Shuvalov, the founder of the Imperial Moscow University, under the name ''Academy of th ...

, where he studied with Maxim Vorobiev and

Fyodor Bruni Fedele Giovanni Baroffi Bruni,. russified as Fyodor Antonovich Bruni (10 June 1799 – 30 August 1875) was a List of Russian artists, Russian painter and draughtsman of Swiss Italian descent, active during the Romanticism, Romantic period, best kn ...

. He graduated in 1854 with a gold medal. From 1855 to 1860 he travelled and painted throughout Europe, visiting Geneva, Paris and Rome and stopping in

Düsseldorf Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in the state after Cologne and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants, seventh-largest city ...

to study with

Andreas Achenbach Andreas Achenbach (29 September 1815 – 1 April 1910) was a German landscape and seascape painter in the Romantic style. He is considered to be one of the founders of the Düsseldorf School. His brother, Oswald, was also a well known landscap ...

. During this trip, he met

Pavel Tretyakov Pavel Mikhaylovich Tretyakov (; 27 December 1832 – 16 December 1898) was a Russian businessman, patron of art, collector, and philanthropist who gave his name to the Tretyakov Gallery and Tretyakov Drive in Moscow. His brother Sergei Tre ...

and began a collaboration that would later be very beneficial to his career. On his return to Saint Petersburg, he was awarded the title of "Academician". In 1869, the Academy gave him a stipend of 300

ruble The ruble or rouble (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is a currency unit. Currently, currencies named ''ruble'' in circulation include the Russian ruble (RUB, ₽) in Russia and the Belarusian ruble (BYN, Rbl) in Belarus. These currencies are s ...

s annually to "complete his education" and produce paintings of folk-life in Belarus and Ukraine, a commission which he pursued diligently, despite the cold weather and rheumatism in his right leg.''Гiсторыя беларускага мастацтва'' (History of Belarusian Art) 6 vols., 1989 pgs.209—216 For twenty years (1865—1885), he occasionally taught drawing at the "Society for the Encouragement of the Arts", although he spent most of his time in Belarus at his estate near Kirilovich. Apollinary Goravsky died suddenly on March 28, 1900, at the Mariinsky Hospital in

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

at the age of 67. The death was reported in ''

Novoye Vremya ''The New Times'' (, tr. ''Novoe Vremya'') is a Russian language magazine in Russia. The magazine was founded in 1943. The magazine is a liberal, independent Russian weekly news magazine, publishing for Russia and Armenia. (During the Soviet ...

'' (New Times) and ''

Istorichesky Vestnik ''Istorichesky Vestnik'' (, History Herald) was a Russian monthly historical and literary magazine published in Saint Petersburg from 1880 to 1917,

'' (Historical Herald) magazines. The artist was buried at

Vyborg Vyborg (; , ; , ; , ) is a town and the administrative center of Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of Vyborg Bay, northwest of St. Petersburg, east of the Finnish capital H ...

cemetery A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite, graveyard, or a green space called a memorial park or memorial garden, is a place where the remains of many death, dead people are burial, buried or otherwise entombed. The word ''cemetery'' (from Greek ...

. His widow, Alexandra, remained without maintenance with daughters, Marya and Yulia, and started selling the artist's works in the 1900s. The greater part of his works are exhibited in the

Belarusian National Arts Museum The National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus ( ) is the largest art museum in Belarus and is located in its capital, Minsk. The museum comprises more than thirty thousands works of art which make up twenty various collections and constitut ...

. In 2009, Belarus issued a stamp featuring his painting "Evening in Minsk".

Works in the Belarusian National Arts Museum

*The view of the Narva Gates from Ekateringof Park (1851) *Landscape with a river and a road (1853) *Praying old woman (1872) *The view of the Arve river in the vicinity of Chamonix (1859) *Praying Jew (1857?) *Portrait of the mother (1868) *The bathers (1858) *Evening (1854) *Landscape with a river (1859) *Oaks (1858) *Rural landscape (1855) *The repentant Mary Magdalene (1861) *Portrait of an unknown in a black dress (1868) *Portrait of S.M. Tretyakova (1857) *A weedy pond *Near a forge (1862) *Landscape with a river (1853) *The view of an oak grove on the banks of the Svislach river near Babruisk (1855) *By the piano (1868) *By the easel (1868) *An evening in Minsk province (1870s) *Portrait of a young woman in a white dress (1863) *Portrait of an unknown with a palette (1867) *Portrait of artist L.F. Lagorio (1890s) *Clover in gloom and forest expanses (1895) *Landscape (1897)

Selected paintings

File:Пейзаж з ракой і дарогай. 1853.jpg, Landscape with a river and a road, 1853, National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus File:Вечерний пейзаж.jpg, Evening landscape 1854, Stavropol Regional Museum of Visual Art File:Козьма Солдатёнков.jpg, Portrait of Kozma Soldatenkov, 1857,

State Tretyakov Gallery The State Tretyakov Gallery (; abbreviated ГТГ, ''GTG'') is an art gallery in Moscow, Russia, which is considered the foremost depository of Russian fine art in the world. The gallery's history starts in 1856 when the Muscovite merchant Pavel ...

File:Портрет художника Федора Антоновича Бруни.jpg, Portrait of artist

, 1871,

File:Каля кузні А. Гараўскі.jpg, Near a Forge, 1862, National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus

Literature

* Апалінар Гараўскі = Аполлинарий Горавский = Apalinar Garausky. Минск : Беларусь, 2014. ― . * Гiсторыя беларускага мастацтва (History of Belarusian Art) 6 vols. Мінск : 1989.

References

External links