Aplerbeck Kirche St Georg
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Aplerbeck is a borough (''
Stadtbezirk A (; also called ''Ortsbezirk'' in Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate) is an administrative division in Germany, which is part of a larger city. It is translated as "borough". In Germany, usually only exist in a metropolis with more than 150,000 in ...
'') of the city of
Dortmund Dortmund (; ; ) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the List of cities in Germany by population, ninth-largest city in Germany. With a population of 614,495 inhabitants, it is the largest city ...
in the
Ruhr district The Ruhr ( ; , also ''Ruhrpott'' ), also referred to as the Ruhr Area, sometimes Ruhr District, Ruhr Region, or Ruhr Valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 1,160/km2 and a populatio ...
of
North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia or North-Rhine/Westphalia, commonly shortened to NRW, is a States of Germany, state () in Old states of Germany, Western Germany. With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the List of German states by population, most ...
, Germany. Since 1929, it has been a suburb of Dortmund, located in the city's south-east. The river
Emscher The Emscher () is a river, a tributary of the Rhine, that flows through the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. Its overall length is with a mean outflow near the mouth into the lower Rhine of . Description The Emscher ha ...
, a tributary of the
Ruhr The Ruhr ( ; , also ''Ruhrpott'' ), also referred to as the Ruhr Area, sometimes Ruhr District, Ruhr Region, or Ruhr Valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 1,160/km2 and a populati ...
, crosses Aplerbeck. Aplerbeck was first documented as a village in 899. The place is associated with the death of two martyrs both named Ewald in the 7th century, according to the
Golden Legend The ''Golden Legend'' ( or ''Legenda sanctorum'') is a collection of 153 hagiographies by Jacobus de Voragine that was widely read in Europe during the Late Middle Ages. More than a thousand manuscripts of the text have survived.Hilary Maddo ...
. Aplerbeck was the location of
mining Mining is the Resource extraction, extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agriculture, agricultural processes, or feasib ...
and
heavy industry Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); o ...
as part of the Ruhr from the 19th century to 1926, resulting in a larger population and the building of a representative town hall and a larger church. A psychiatric hospital of regional importance, founded in 1890, is still in operation, now as .


History

The first document mentioning Aplerbeck, then ''Afaldrabechi'', is a founding document (''Stiftungsurkunde'') of 899, a term containing "apple" and "creek". According to the
Golden Legend The ''Golden Legend'' ( or ''Legenda sanctorum'') is a collection of 153 hagiographies by Jacobus de Voragine that was widely read in Europe during the Late Middle Ages. More than a thousand manuscripts of the text have survived.Hilary Maddo ...
, two missionaries, the
Two Ewalds The Two Ewalds (or Two Hewalds) were Saint Ewald the Black and Saint Ewald the White, martyrs in Old Saxony about 692. Both bore the same name, but were distinguished by the difference in the colour of their hair and complexions. They began thei ...
, were killed near Aplerbeck in the 7th century. With industrialisation, mining was done in . In 1855, Aplerbeck was connected by rail of the
Cologne-Minden Railway Company The Cologne-Minden Railway Company (German, old spelling: ''Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft'', ''CME'') was along with the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company and the Rhenish Railway Company one of the railway companies that in the mid-19th ...
. The was founded in 1862. In 1890, the
Prussian Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, the House of Hohenzoll ...
state government chose Aplerbeck as the home of a new psychiatric clinic to serve the
Ruhr area The Ruhr ( ; , also ''Ruhrpott'' ), also referred to as the Ruhr Area, sometimes Ruhr District, Ruhr Region, or Ruhr Valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 1,160/km2 and a populati ...
. A former farm was acquired, to employ the patients in agriculture. Named ''Westfälische Provinzial-Heilanstalt Aplerbeck'' (later short: ''Westfälische Klinik'' and ''Heilanstalt'') in 1904, it was meant to house 660 patients. The town hall of Aplerbeck, , was built in 1906/07 by . The Aplerbecker Hütte was closed in 1925. Aplerbeck became part of Dortmund on 1 August 1929. During the reign of the
Nazis Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
, Jewish citizens were deported, only 30 of 120 in 1933 could emigrate. Around 340 patients of the psychiatric clinic were sterilised. In 1941, 95 patients were moved to Hadamar and killed. File:AmtshausDortmundAplerbeck.jpg, City hall File:Altes Amtshaus (old communal town hall and local jail) of Aplerbeck, a suburb of Dortmund, Germany.jpg, The Altes Amtshaus (old communal town hall and historical jail), April 2019 File:Aplerbecker Hütte2.JPG, Aplerbecker Hütte on a postcard, File:Aplerbeck Grosse Kirche IMGP0446 wp.jpg, ''Große Kirche'' File:Verwaltung Westfälische Klinik.JPG, Westfälische Klinik, main building in 2007


Religion

The Georgskirche is a
Romanesque church Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries. The style eventually developed into the Gothic style with the shape of the arches providing a simple distinction: the Rom ...
which is first mentioned in a document in 1147, but probably is based on an older building from the 9th century. The
Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the p ...
reached Aplerbeck in 1570. With the industrialisation, a larger church was needed. The
Große Kirche Aplerbeck The Große Kirche Aplerbeck is a Protestant church in Aplerbeck, now part of Dortmund, Germany. It was built from 1867 to 1869 in Gothic Revival style, designed by Christian Heyden. A listed monument, it is used by the parish St. Georg, serving ...
was built in
Gothic Revival style Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half of the 19th century ...
after a design by
Christian Heyden Christian Heyden (baptised 14 August 1803, died 4 November 1869) was a German architect. He is known for Gothic Revival buildings, especially churches, in Westphalia, Germany. Career Heyden was the son of the '' Baumeister'' Johann Christian H ...
from 1867 to 1869. The Georgskirche was no longer used and deteriorated. It was restored in 1963, and is now the main location for Protestant services, while the larger church is often used for concerts. As many people of Polish origin settled in Aplerbeck, they needed a Catholic church, which was built after a design by and consecrated on 21 December 1880, named after the martyrs. After World War II, this church became too small for a growing congregation. It was replaced in 1971 by a new church. File:Aplerbeck Kirche St Georg.jpg, Georgskirche File:Titelbild des Kirchenführers Der Zeigefinger Gottes von Siegfried Liesenberg..jpg, ''Der Zeigefinger Gottes'' (God's index finger)


Personalities

*
Wilhelm Canaris Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a admiral (Germany), German admiral and the chief of the ''Abwehr'' (the German military intelligence, military-intelligence service) from 1935 to 1944. Initially a supporter of Ad ...
(1887–1945), Admiral *
Paul Graebner Carl Otto Robert Peter Paul Graebner (29 June 1871 in Aplerbeck – 6 February 1933 in Berlin) was a German botanist. In 1895 he obtained his doctorate in Berlin, successively working as an assistant and then as curator (1904) at the botanical ga ...
(1871–1933), botanist *
Heinz Eberhard Strüning Heinz Eberhard Strüning (2 May 1896 – 11 March 1986) was a German painter, graphic artist and pastel painter. Life Born in Aplerbeck, Strüning studied at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts from 1922 to 1924 and at the Kunsthochschule Kassel ...
(1896–1986), painter, artist * Fedja Röchling MBBCH (1962) Transplant Hepatologist and Professor of Medicine Omaha Nebraska USA * Dr.med Marianne Röchling (1933-1995), Gynecologist * Dr vet. Erwin Röchling (1899-1999) Veterinarian Dortmund *
Wilhelm Stricker Wilhelm may refer to: People and fictional characters * William Charles John Pitcher, costume designer known professionally as "Wilhelm" * Wilhelm (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname Other uses * Wilhe ...
(1874-1927) Amtsbaumeister * Manfred Röchling (1934) Director i.R Strassenbauwesen Dortmund


Literature

* Siegfried Niehaus: ''Aplerbeck''. Heinrich Borgmann, Dortmund 1977. * Siegfried Niehaus: ''Kleine Geschichte des Amtes Aplerbeck''. Stadtsparkasse Dortmund, 1980. * Uwe Bitzel: ''Lebensunwert. Die Heilanstalt Aplerbeck und ihre Kranken während des Nationalsozialismus''. Montania, Dortmund 1995, . * Hans Georg Kirchhoff, Siegfried Liesenberg (ed.): ''1100 Jahre Aplerbeck: Festschrift im Auftrag des Vereins für Heimatpflege''. Essen 1998, . * Georg Eggenstein (ed.): ''Aplerbeck. Sechs Profile – Ein Gesicht''. Limosa, Clenze 2010, .


References


External links


Stadtbezirksportal
Dortmund
Berichte über Aplerbeck

Aplerbecker Geschichte
Aplerbeck history {{authority control Dortmund