Apiose is a branched-chain
sugar found as residues in
galacturonan
-Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of -galactose. It is the main component of pectin, in which it exists as the polymer polygalacturonic acid.Debra Mohnen "Pectin structure and biosynthesis" Current Opinion in Plant Biology 20 ...
s-type
pectin
Pectin ( grc, πηκτικός ': "congealed" and "curdled") is a heteropolysaccharide, a structural acid contained in the primary lamella, in the middle lamella, and in the cell walls of terrestrial plants. The principal, chemical component o ...
s; that occurs in
parsley
Parsley, or garden parsley ('' Petroselinum crispum'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to the central and eastern Mediterranean region (Sardinia, Lebanon, Israel, Cyprus, Turkey, southern Italy, Greece, ...
and many other
plant
Plants are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all curr ...
s. Apiose is a component of
cell wall
A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mec ...
polysaccharides
Polysaccharides (), or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages. This carbohydrate can react with w ...
.
uses
D-apiitol and
NAD+ to produce apiitol-apiose,
NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme central to metabolism. Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an aden ...
, and
H+.
Flavone apiosyltransferase uses
UDP-apiose and
5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone 7-''O''-β-D-glucoside to produce
UDP,
5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin), and 7-O-β-
D-apiosyl-(1->2)-β-apiitol-glucoside.
References
External links
{{wiktionary inline
Aldopentoses