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The Aphidiinae are a subfamily of tiny
Ephedrini
* '' Ephedrus''
* '' Indoephedrus''
* '' Neoephedrus''
* '' Toxares''
Praini
* '' Praon''
* '' Dyscritulus''
* '' Harkeria''
* '' Areopraon''
Trioxini
* '' Trioxys''
* '' Binodoxys''
* '' Monoctonus''
* '' Monoctonia''
* '' Lipolexis''
* '' Parabioxys''
* '' Bioxys''
AclitiniŽikić, et al. 2012
* '' Aclitus''
Aphidiini
* '' Aphidius''
* '' Diaeretiella''
* '' Diaeretus''
* '' Diaeretellus''
* '' Lysaphidus''
* '' Lysiphlebia''
* ''
Abstract
* (2005): Molecular phylogeny of the Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on DNA sequences of 16S rRNA, 18S rDNA and ATPase 6 genes. ''Eur. J. Entomol.'' 102: 133-138
PDF
* (2012): Aphidiinae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) of Serbia and Montenegro – tritrophic interactions. ''Acta Entomologica Serbica'' 17(1/2): 83-105
Information and Pictures of Aphidiinae
* Cedar Creek
on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site {{Authority control Braconidae Apocrita subfamilies
The Aphidiinae are a subfamily of tiny parasitoid wasp
Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran Superfamily (zoology), superfamilies, with all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita. As parasitoids, they lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other arthropods, ...
s that use aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects in the Taxonomic rank, family Aphididae. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white Eriosomatinae, woolly ...
s as their hosts. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various aphids.
Biology and distribution
Aphidiines are koinobiont endoparasitoids of adult and immature aphids. While the larva of the 2–3 mm long '' Praon'' leaves the hollowed shell of the aphid from below to pupate in avolcano
A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
On Earth, volcanoes are most oft ...
-like cocoon, most other Aphidiinae pupate inside the dead aphid and break out afterwards.
These wasps are found worldwide, but are primarily found in the northern hemisphere. Several species have been introduced to countries outside of their natural range, both accidentally and purposefully for biocontrol.
Systematics
Although they have often been treated as a separate family, the Aphidiidae, the Aphidiinae are a lineage within the Braconidae. It is not yet clear to which braconid subfamilies they are most closely related. The Aphidiinae are subdivided into several tribes, the Ephedrini, Praini, Trioxini, Aclitini, and Aphidiini, with the latter subdivided into three subtribes. Most species reside in the Aphidiini. The Praini's loss of internal pupation is likely to be secondary. There are ~400 spp. in ~50 genera worldwide.Genera
Ephedrini
* '' Ephedrus''
* '' Indoephedrus''
* '' Neoephedrus''
* '' Toxares''
Praini
* '' Praon''
* '' Dyscritulus''
* '' Harkeria''
* '' Areopraon''
Trioxini
* '' Trioxys''
* '' Binodoxys''
* '' Monoctonus''
* '' Monoctonia''
* '' Lipolexis''
* '' Parabioxys''
* '' Bioxys''
AclitiniŽikić, et al. 2012
* '' Aclitus''
Aphidiini
* '' Aphidius''
* '' Diaeretiella''
* '' Diaeretus''
* '' Diaeretellus''
* '' Lysaphidus''
* '' Lysiphlebia''
* ''Paralipsis
Apophasis (; , ) is a rhetorical device wherein the speaker or writer brings up a subject by either denying it, or denying that it should be brought up. Accordingly, it can be seen as a rhetorical relative of irony. A classic example of apophasi ...
''
* '' Pauesia''
* '' Protaphidius''
* '' Pseudopauesia''
* '' Adialytus''
* '' Lysiphlebus''
* '' Xenostigmus''
See also
*'' Aphidius nigripes''Footnotes
References
* (1997): A Molecular Phylogeny of the Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 7(3): 281-293Abstract
* (2005): Molecular phylogeny of the Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on DNA sequences of 16S rRNA, 18S rDNA and ATPase 6 genes. ''Eur. J. Entomol.'' 102: 133-138
* (2012): Aphidiinae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) of Serbia and Montenegro – tritrophic interactions. ''Acta Entomologica Serbica'' 17(1/2): 83-105
External links
* BugGuide.netInformation and Pictures of Aphidiinae
* Cedar Creek
on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site {{Authority control Braconidae Apocrita subfamilies