Aphaenogaster Exasperata

''Aphaenogaster'' is a genus of myrmicine ants. About 200 species have been described, including 18 fossil species. They occur worldwide except in South America south of Colombia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Antarctica.

They are often confused with '' Pheidole'' or '' Pheidologeton''. These two have major and minor workers, while ''Aphaenogaster'' has only a single worker caste. ''Pheidole'' has three-segmented clubs on its antennae, while ''Aphaenogaster'' has four segments and a larger body size. ''Pheidologeton'' has 11-segmented antennae, while the antennae in ''Aphaenogaster'' are 12-segmented.Genus ''Aphaenogaster''

In Australia, they often build dense, conspicuous nests.Richards, P.J. (2009) ''Aphaenogaster'' ants as bioturbators: impacts on soil and slope processes. Earth-Science Reviews 96: 92-106. Nest entrances are generally funnel-shaped with diameters up to 4 cm, which resulted in the common name funnel ants. These nests can be a serious problem for golfers or on pastures and unsealed airstrips, because the fragile surface easily collapses under pressure. Where it occurs, ''Aphaenogaster'' bioturbation is an important soil and landscape process.

''Aphaenogaster'' ants probably get most of their food from tended aphids on the roots of plants, which explains that they are rarely seen on the surface. The funnel-shaped openings could play a role in trapping arthropods, which are also eaten.

Species

*'' A. aktaci'' Kiran & Tezcan, 2008
*†'' A. amphioceanica'' De Andrade, 1995
*'' A. angulata'' Viehmeyer, 1922
*'' A. annandalei'' Mukerjee, 1930
*†'' A. antiqua'' Dlussky & Perkovsky, 2002
*'' A. araneoides'' Emery, 1890
*†'' A. archaica'' (Meunier, 1915)
*'' A. ashmeadi'' (Emery, 1895)
*'' A. atlantis'' Santschi, 1929
*†'' A. avita'' Fujiyama, 1970
*'' A. balcanica'' (Emery, 1898)
*'' A. balcanicoides'' Boer, 2013
*'' A. baogong'' Terayama, 2009
*'' A. barbara'' Shattuck, 2008
*'' A. barbigula'' Wheeler, 1916
*'' A. baronii'' Cagniant, 1988
*'' A. beccarii'' Emery, 1887
*'' A. beesoni'' Donisthorpe, 1933
*'' A. boulderensis'' Smith, 1941
*'' A. burri'' (Donisthorpe, 1950)
*'' A. caeciliae'' Viehmeyer, 1922
*'' A. campana'' Emery, 1878
*'' A. cardenai'' Espadaler, 1981
*'' A. carolinensis'' Wheeler, 1915
*'' A. cavernicola'' Donisthorpe, 1938
*'' A. cecconii'' Emery, 1894
*'' A. concolor'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*'' A. cristata'' (Forel, 1902)
*'' A. crocea'' André, 1881
*'' A. curiosa'' Santschi, 1933
*'' A. dejeani'' Cagniant, 1982
*'' A. depilis'' Santschi, 1911
*'' A. depressa'' Bolton, 1995
*†'' A. dlusskyana'' Radchenko & Perkovsky, 2016
*'' A. dlusskyi'' Radchenko & Arakelian, 1991
*'' A. donann'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*†'' A. donisthorpei'' Carpenter, 1930
*'' A. dromedaria'' (Emery, 1900)
*'' A. dulciniae'' Emery, 1924
*†'' A. dumetora'' (Lin, 1982)
*'' A. edentula'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*'' A. epirotes'' (Emery, 1895)
*'' A. erabu'' Nishizono & Yamane, 1990
*'' A. espadaleri'' Cagniant, 1984
*'' A. exasperata'' Wheeler, 1921
*'' A. fabulosa'' Arnol'di, 1968
*'' A. fallax'' Cagniant, 1992
*'' A. famelica'' (Smith, 1874)
*'' A. faureli'' Cagniant, 1969
*'' A. feae'' Emery, 1889
*'' A. fengbo'' Terayama, 2009
*'' A. festae'' Emery, 1915
*'' A. finzii'' Müller, 1921
*'' A. flemingi'' Smith, 1928
*'' A. floridana'' Smith, 1941
*'' A. foreli'' Cagniant, 1996
*'' A. friederichsi'' Forel, 1918
*'' A. fulva'' Roger, 1863
*'' A. geei'' Wheeler, 1921
*'' A. gemella'' (Roger, 1862)
*'' A. georgica'' Arnol'di, 1968
*'' A. gibbosa'' (Latreille, 1798)
*'' A. gonacantha'' (Emery, 1899)
*'' A. gracillima'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*'' A. graeca'' Schulz, 1994
*'' A. haarlovi'' Collingwood, 1961
*'' A. hesperia'' Santschi, 1911
*'' A. holtzi'' (Emery, 1898)
*'' A. honduriana'' Mann, 1922
*'' A. huachucana'' Creighton, 1934
*'' A. hunanensis'' Wu & Wang, 1992
*'' A. iberica'' Emery, 1908
*'' A. incurviclypea'' Wang & Zheng, 1997
*'' A. inermita'' Bolton, 1995
*'' A. iranica'' Kiran & Alipanah, 2013
*'' A. irrigua'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*'' A. isekram'' Bernard, 1977
*'' A. italica'' Bondroit, 1918
*'' A. januschevi'' Arnol'di, 1976
*'' A. japonica'' Forel, 1911
*'' A. karpathica'' Boer, 2013
*'' A. kervillei'' Forel, 1910
*'' A. kimberleyensis'' Shattuck, 2008
*'' A. koniari'' Cagniant & Galkowski, 2013
*'' A. kumejimana'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*'' A. kurdica'' Ruzsky, 1905
*'' A. laevior'' Emery, 1887
*'' A. lamellidens'' Mayr, 1886
*†'' A. lapidescens'' Zhang, 1989
*'' A. ledouxi'' Tohmé, 1969
*'' A. lepida'' Wheeler, 1930
*'' A. lesbica'' Forel, 1913
*'' A. leveillei'' Emery, 1881
* †'' A.? longaeva'' (Scudder, 1877)
*'' A. longiceps'' (Smith, 1858)
*'' A. loriai'' (Emery, 1897)
*'' A. lustrans'' Smith, 1961
*'' A. luteipes'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*†'' A. maculata'' Théobald, 1937
*'' A. maculifrons'' Kiran & Tezcan, 2008
*†'' A. maculipes'' Théobald, 1937
*'' A. mariae'' Forel, 1886
*'' A. mauritanica'' Dalla Torre, 1893
*†'' A. mayri'' Carpenter, 1930
*'' A. mediterrae'' Shattuck, 2008
*'' A. megommata'' Smith, 1963
*'' A. melitensis'' Santschi, 1933
*†'' A. mersa'' Wheeler, 1915
*'' A. messoroides'' Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990
*'' A. mexicana'' (Pergande, 1896)
*'' A. miamiana'' Wheeler, 1932
*'' A. miniata'' Cagniant, 1990
*'' A. minutula'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*'' A. muelleriana'' Wolf, 1915
*'' A. mutica'' Pergande, 1896
*'' A. nadigi'' Santschi, 1923
*'' A. obsidiana'' (Mayr, 1861)
*'' A. occidentalis'' (Emery, 1895)
*†'' A. oligocenica'' Wheeler, 1915
*'' A. opposita'' (Say, 1836)
*'' A. osimensis'' Teranishi, 1940
*'' A. ovaticeps'' (Emery, 1898)
*'' A. pallescens'' Walker, 1871
*'' A. pallida'' (Nylander, 1849)
*†'' A. paludosa'' Zhang, 1989
*†'' A. pannonica'' Bachmayer, 1960
*'' A. patruelis'' Forel, 1886
*'' A. perplexa'' Smith, 1961
*'' A. phalangium'' Emery, 1890
*'' A. phillipsi'' Wheeler & Mann, 1916
*'' A. picea'' (Wheeler, 1908)
*'' A. picena'' Baroni Urbani, 1971
*'' A. polyodonta'' Zhou, 2001
*'' A. poultoni'' Crawley, 1922
*'' A. praedo'' Emery, 1908
*'' A. praenoda'' Santschi, 1933
*†'' A. praerelicta'' De Andrade, 1995
*'' A. projectens'' Donisthorpe, 1947
*'' A. pumilopuncta'' Zhou, 2001
*'' A. punctaticeps'' MacKay, 1989
*'' A. pythia'' Forel, 1915
*'' A. quadrispina'' Emery, 1911
*'' A. radchenkoi'' Kiran & Tezcan, 2008
*'' A. reichelae'' Shattuck, 2008
*'' A. relicta'' Wheeler & Mann, 1914
*'' A. rhaphidiiceps'' (Mayr, 1877)
*'' A. rifensis'' Cagniant, 1994
*'' A. rothneyi'' (Forel, 1902)
*'' A. rudis'' Enzmann, 1947
*'' A. rugosoferruginea'' Forel, 1889
*'' A. rugulosa'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*'' A. rupestris'' Forel, 1909
*'' A. sagei'' (Forel, 1902)
*'' A. saharensis'' Bernard, 1953
*'' A. sangiorgii'' (Emery, 1901)
*'' A. sardoa'' Mayr, 1853
*'' A. schmidti'' Karavaiev, 1912
*'' A. schurri'' (Forel, 1902)
*'' A. semipolita'' (Nylander, 1856)
*'' A. senilis'' Mayr, 1853
*†'' A. shanwangensis'' (Hong, 1984)
*'' A. sicardi'' Cagniant, 1990
*'' A. sicula'' Emery, 1908
*'' A. simonellii'' Emery, 1894
*'' A. smythiesii'' (Forel, 1902)
*†'' A. sommerfeldti'' Mayr, 1868
*'' A. spinosa'' Emery, 1878
*'' A. splendida'' (Roger, 1859)
*'' A. sporadis'' Santschi, 1933
*'' A. striativentris'' Forel, 1895
*'' A. strioloides'' Forel, 1890
*'' A. subcostata'' Viehmeyer, 1922
*'' A. subexaperata'' Zhou, 2001
*'' A. subterranea'' (Latreille, 1798)
*'' A. subterraneoides'' Emery, 1881
*'' A. swammerdami'' Forel, 1886
*'' A. syriaca'' Emery, 1908
*'' A. takahashii'' Wheeler, 1930
*'' A. tennesseensis'' (Mayr, 1862)
*'' A. testaceopilosa'' (Lucas, 1849)
*'' A. texana'' Wheeler, 1915
*'' A. theryi'' Santschi, 1923
*'' A. tibetana'' Donisthorpe, 1929
*'' A. tinauti'' Cagniant, 1992
*'' A. tipuna'' Forel, 1913
*'' A. tokarainsulana'' Watanabe & Yamane, 1999
*'' A. torossiani'' Cagniant, 1988
*'' A. treatae'' Forel, 1886
*'' A. turkestanica'' Arnol'di, 1976
*'' A. uinta'' Wheeler, 1917
*'' A. ujhelyii'' Szabó, 1910
*'' A. umphreyi'' Deyrup & Davis, 1998
*'' A. wangtian'' Terayama, 2009
*'' A. wangye'' Terayama, 2009
*'' A. weigoldi'' Viehmeyer, 1922
*'' A. weulersseae'' Cagniant, 1989
*'' A. wilsoni'' Cagniant, 1988
*'' A. xuatian'' Terayama, 2009

References

External links

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{{Taxonbar, from=Q1314641

Ant genera
Taxa named by Gustav Mayr
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot