''Apamea'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of ...
s in the family
Noctuidae
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the othe ...
first described by
Ferdinand Ochsenheimer
Ferdinand Ochsenheimer (17 March 1767 – 2 November 1822) was a German actor and entomologist (lepidopterist).
Life
Ochsenheimer was born and brought up in Mainz (then in the Electorate of Mainz) and began to show an interest in butterflie ...
in 1816.
Some ''Apamea'' species are
pest
Pest or The Pest may refer to:
Science and medicine
* Pest (organism), an animal or plant deemed to be detrimental to humans or human concerns
** Weed, a plant considered undesirable
* Infectious disease, an illness resulting from an infection
** ...
insects. The larval ''
Apamea niveivenosa'' is a
cutworm
Cutworms are moth larvae that hide under litter or soil during the day, coming out in the dark to feed on plants. A larva typically attacks the first part of the plant it encounters, namely the stem, often of a seedling, and consequently cuts it ...
known as a pest of
grain crops
A cereal is any grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis), composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran. Cereal grain crops are grown in greater quantities and provide more food ene ...
in North America.
["''Apamea niveivenosa''".]
''Pacific Northwest Moths''. The larva of ''
A. apamiformis'' is the rice worm, the most serious insect pest of cultivated
wild rice
Wild rice, also called manoomin, Canada rice, Indian rice, or water oats, is any of four species of grasses that form the genus ''Zizania'', and the grain that can be harvested from them. The grain was historically gathered and eaten in both ...
in the
Upper Midwest
The Upper Midwest is a region in the northern portion of the U.S. Census Bureau's Midwestern United States. It is largely a sub-region of the Midwest. Although the exact boundaries are not uniformly agreed-upon, the region is defined as referrin ...
of the United States.
[Oelke, E. A. 1993]
"Wild rice: Domestication of a native North American genus".
p. 235-43. ''In:'' Janick, J. and J. E. Simon (eds.), ''New Crops''. Wiley, New York.
Selected species
* ''
Apamea acera''
(Smith, 1900)
* ''
Apamea albina''
(Grote, 1874)
* ''
Apamea alia''
(Guenée, 1852)
* ''
Apamea alpigena''
(Boisduval, 837
__NOTOC__
Year 837 ( DCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Byzantine Empire
* Byzantine–Arab War: Emperor Theophilos leads a massive Byzantine ...
* ''
Apamea alticola''
(Smith, 1891)
* ''
Apamea altijuga''
(Kozhantshikov, 1925)
* ''
Apamea amputatrix''
(Fitch, 1857) – yellow-headed cutworm
* ''
Apamea anceps''
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – large nutmeg
* ''
Apamea antennata''
(Smith, 1891)
* ''
''
(Guenée, 1852) – rice worm, wild rice worm
* ''
Apamea aquila''
Donzel, 1837
* ''
Apamea arabs''
(Oberthür, 1881)
* ''
Apamea assimilis''
(Doubleday, 1847)
* ''
Apamea atriclava''
(Barnes & McDunnough, 1913)
* ''
Apamea atrosuffusa''
(Barnes & McDunnough, 1913) (syn. ''A. grotei''
(Barnes & McDunnough, 1914))
* ''
Apamea auranticolor''
(Grote, 1873)
* ''
Apamea baischi''
Hacker, 1989
* ''
Apamea barbara''
(Berio, 1940)
* ''
Apamea basimacula''
Boisduval, 1833
* ''
Apamea bernardino''
Mikkola & Mustelin 2000
* ''
Apamea boopis''
(Hampson, 1908)
* ''
Apamea brunnea''
(Leech, 1900)
* ''
Apamea brunnescens''
Kononenko, 1985
* ''
Apamea burgessi''
(Morrison, 1874)
* ''
Apamea caesia''
Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
* ''
Apamea cariosa''
(Guenée, 1852) – nondescript dagger moth
* ''
Apamea centralis''
(Smith, 1891)
* ''
Apamea chalybeata''
(Walker, 1865)
* ''
Apamea chhiringi''
Hreblay, 1998
* ''
Apamea chinensis''
(Leech, 1900)
* ''
Apamea cinefacta''
(Grote, 1881)
* ''
Apamea cogitata''
(Smith, 1891) – thoughtful apamea
* ''
Apamea commixta''
(Butler, 1881)
* ''
Apamea commoda''
(Walker, 1857) – southern Quaker
** ''Apamea commoda commoda''
(Walker, 1857)
** ''Apamea commoda parcata''
(Smith, 1903)
** ''Apamea commoda striolata''
Mikkola, 2009
* ''
Apamea concinna''
(Leech, 1900)
* ''
Apamea contradicta''
(Smith, 1895) – northern banded Quaker
* ''
Apamea crenata''
Hufnagel, 1766 – clouded-bordered brindle
* ''
Apamea cristata''
(Grote, 1878)
* ''
Apamea cuculliformis''
(Grote, 1875)
* ''
Apamea cyanea''
(Hampson, 1908)
* ''
Apamea desegaulxi''
Viette, 1928
* ''
Apamea devastator''
Brace, 1819 – glassy cutworm
* ''
Apamea digitula''
Mikkola and Mustelin, 2006
* ''
Apamea dubitans''
(Walker, 1856) – doubtful apamea
* ''
Apamea epomidion''
(Haworth, 1809) – clouded brindle
* ''
Apamea erythrographa''
Hreblay, Peregovits & Ronkay, 1999
* ''
Apamea euxinia''
Hacker, 1985
* ''
Apamea exstincta''
(Staudinger, 1892)
* ''
Apamea fasciata''
(Leech, 1900)
* ''
Apamea fergusoni''
Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
* ''
Apamea ferrago''
(Eversmann, 1837)
* ''
Apamea fervida''
(Hampson, 1908)
* ''
Apamea furva''
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – the confused
* ''
Apamea gabrieli''
Mikkola & Mustelin 2000
* ''
Apamea ganeshi''
Hreblay, 1998
* ''
Apamea gangtoki''
Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
* ''
Apamea geminimacula''
(Dyar, 1904)
* ''
Apamea genialis''
(Grote, 1874)
* ''
Apamea glenura''
(Swinhoe, 1895)
* ''
Apamea glenurina''
Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
* ''
Apamea goateri''
Hacker, 2001
* ''
Apamea goperma''
Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
* ''
Apamea gratissima''
Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
* ''
Apamea griveaudi''
Viette, 1967
* ''
Apamea groenlandica''
(Duponchel, 838
__NOTOC__
Year 838 (Roman numerals, DCCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* July 22 – Battle of Anzen, Battle of Dazimon: ...
* ''
Apamea hampsoni''
Sugi, 1963
* ''
Apamea heinickei''
Hreblay, 1998
* ''
Apamea helva''
(Grote, 1875) – yellow three-spot
* ''
Apamea illyria''
Freyer, 1846
* ''
Apamea impedita''
(Christoph, 1887)
* ''
Apamea impulsa''
(Guenée, 1852)
* ''
Apamea indocilis''
(Walker, 1856) – ignorant apamea
* ''
Apamea inebriata''
Ferguson, 1977 – drunk apamea
* ''
Apamea inficita''
(Walker, 1857) – lined Quaker
* ''
Apamea inordinata''
(Morrison, 1875)
* ''
Apamea kaszabi''
Varga, 1982
* ''
Apamea kumari''
Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
* ''
Apamea lateritia''
(Hufnagel, 1766) – scarce brindle
* ''
Apamea leucodon''
(Eversmann, 1837)
* ''
Apamea lieni''
Hreblay, 1998
* ''
Apamea lignea''
(Butler, 1889)
* ''
Apamea lignicolora''
(Guenée, 1852) – wood-coloured Quaker
* ''
Apamea lintneri''
Grote, 1873
* ''
Apamea lithoxylaea''
Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 – light arches
* ''
Apamea longula''
(Grote, 1879)
* ''
Apamea lutosa''
(Andrews, 1877) – opalescent apamea
* ''
Apamea lysis''
(Fawcett, 1917)
* ''
Apamea macronephra''
Berio, 1959
* ''
Apamea magnirena''
(Boursin, 1943)
* ''
Apamea maraschi''
(Draudt, 1934)
* ''
Apamea maroccana''
(Zerny, 1934)
* ''
Apamea maxima''
(Dyar, 1904)
* ''
Apamea michielii''
Varga, 1976
* ''
Apamea mikkolai''
Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
* ''
Apamea minnecii''
(Berio, 1939)
* ''
Apamea minoica''
(Fibiger, Schmidt & Zilli, 2005)
* ''
Apamea monoglypha''
Hufnagel, 1766 – dark arches
* ''
Apamea nekrasovi''
Mikkola, Gyulai & Varga, 1997
* ''
Apamea nigrior''
(Smith, 1891) – black-dashed apamea, dark apamea
* ''
Apamea nigrostria''
Hreblay, Peregovits & Ronkay, 1999
* ''
Apamea niveivenosa''
(Grote, 1879) – snowy-veined apamea
* ''
Apamea nubila''
Moore, 1881
* ''
Apamea obliviosa''
(Walker, 1858)
* ''
Apamea oblonga''
(Haworth, 1809) – crescent striped
* ''
Apamea occidens''
(Grote, 1878) – western apamea
* ''
Apamea ontakensis''
Sugi, 1982
* ''
Apamea ophiogramma''
Esper, 1793 – double lobed
* ''
Apamea pallifera''
(Grote, 1877)
* ''
Apamea permixta''
Kononenko, 2006[Kononenko, V. (2006). ''Apamea permixta'', sp. n., from China - the putative sister species of ''A. commixta'' (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Xyleninae: Apameini). ''Zootaxa'' 1371: 37-43.]
* ''
Apamea perpensa''
(Grote, 1881)
* ''
Apamea perstriata''
(Hampson, 1908)
* ''
Apamea platinea''
(Treitschke, 1825)
* ''
Apamea plutonia''
(Grote, 1883) – dusky Quaker, dusky apamea
* ''
Apamea polyglypha''
(Staudinger, 1892)
* ''
Apamea pseudoaltijuga''
Grosser, 1985
* ''
Apamea purpurina''
(Hampson, 1908)
* ''
Apamea quinteri''
Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
* ''
Apamea rectificata''
Hreblay & Plante, 1995
* ''
Apamea relicina''
(Morrison, 1875)
** ''Apamea relicina relicina''
(Morrison, 1875)
** ''Apamea relicina migrata''
(Smith, 904
__NOTOC__
Year 904 ( CMIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* July 29 – Sack of Thessalonica: A Muslim fleet, led by the Greek r ...
* ''
Apamea remissa''
Hübner, 1809 – dusky brocade
* ''
Apamea reseri''
Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
* ''
Apamea robertsoni''
Mikkola and Mustelin, 2006
* ''
Apamea roedereri''
Viette, 1976
* ''
Apamea rubrirena''
(Treitschke, 1825)
* ''
Apamea rufa''
(Draudt, 1950)
* ''
Apamea rufomedialis''
(Marumo, 1920)
* ''
Apamea rufus''
(Chang, 1991)
* ''
Apamea sanyibaglya''
Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
* ''
Apamea schawerdae''
(Draeseke, 1928)
* ''
Apamea scolopacina''
(Esper, 1788) – slender brindle
* ''
Apamea scoparia''
Mikkola, Mustelin & Lafontaine, 2000
* ''
Apamea shibuyoides''
Poole, 1989
* ''
Apamea sicula''
(Turati, 1909)
* ''
Apamea sinuata''
(Moore, 1882)
* ''
Apamea siskiyou''
Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
* ''
Apamea smythi''
Franclemont, 1952
* ''
Apamea sodalis''
(Butler, 1878)
* ''
Apamea sora''
(Smith, 1903)
* ''
Apamea sordens''
Hufnagel, 1766 – rustic shoulder-knot
* ''
Apamea spaldingi''
(Smith, 1909) – Spalding's Quaker
* ''
Apamea stagmatipennis''
(Dyar, 1920)
* ''
Apamea striata''
Haruta & Sugi, 1958
* ''
Apamea sublustris''
(Esper, 788 – reddish light arches
* ''
Apamea submarginata''
(Leech, 1900)
* ''
Apamea submediana''
(Draudt, 1950)
* ''
Apamea superba''
(Turati, 1926)
* ''
Apamea syriaca''
(Osthelder, 1932)
* ''
Apamea tahoeensis''
Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
* ''
Apamea taiwana''
(Wileman, 1914)
* ''
Apamea terranea''
(Butler, 1889)
* ''
Apamea unanimis''
(Hübner, 813
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* June 22 – Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars, led by Krum, ruler (''khan'') of the Bulgarian Empire, defeat Emperor Michael I near Edirne (modern Turkey). The Byzantine army (26,000 men) is d ...
– small clouded brindle
* ''
Apamea unita''
(Smith, 1904)
* ''
Apamea verbascoides''
(Guenée, 1852) – boreal apamea, mullein apamea
* ''
Apamea veterina''
(Lederer, 1853)
* ''
Apamea vicaria''
(Püngeler, 1902)
* ''
Apamea vulgaris''
(Grote & Robinson, 1866) – common apamea
* ''
Apamea vultuosa''
(Grote, 1875) – airy apamea
* ''
Apamea walshi''
Lafontaine, 2009
* ''
Apamea wasedana''
Sugi, 1982
* ''
Apamea wikeri''
Quinter & Lafontaine, 2009
* ''
Apamea xylodes''
Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
* ''
Apamea zeta''
(Treitschke, 1825)
Former species
* ''Apamea formosensis'' is now ''
Leucapamea formosensis''
(Hampson, 1910)
* ''Apamea mixta'' is now ''
Melanapamea mixta''
(Grote, 1881)
References
Further reading
* Butler (1881). ''Transactions of Entomological Society of London'' 1881: 174.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Apamea (Moth)
Apameini
Noctuoidea genera
Taxa named by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer