Anyphaenidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of araneomorph

spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

s, sometimes called anyphaenid sac spiders. They are distinguished from the

sac spider The sac spiders of the family Clubionidae have a very confusing taxonomic history. Once, this family was a large catch-all taxon for a disparate collection of spiders, similar only in that they had eight eyes arranged in two rows and conical anter ...

s of the family Clubionidae and other

s by having the abdominal spiracle placed one third to one half of the way anterior to the

spinnerets A spinneret is a silk-spinning organ of a spider or the larva of an insect. Some adult insects also have spinnerets, such as those borne on the forelegs of Embioptera. Spinnerets are usually on the underside of a spider's opisthosoma, and are ...

toward the epigastric furrow on the underside of the

abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the torso. ...

. In most spiders the spiracle is just anterior to the spinnerets. Like clubionids, anyphaenids have eight eyes arranged in two rows, conical anterior spinnerets and are wandering predators that build

silken Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the coc ...

retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks. There are more than 500 species in over 50 genera worldwide. The family is widespread and includes such common genera as ''Anyphaena'' (worldwide except tropical

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

and

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

) and ''Hibana'' (

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3 ...

). Only one species ('' A. accentuata'') occurs in northwestern

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

. Species in the latter genus are important predators in several

agricultural Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating Plant, plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of Sedentism, sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of Domestication, domesticated species created food ...

systems, especially tree crops. They are able to detect and feed on insect eggs, despite their poor eyesight. They share this ability at least with some miturgid spiders.

Genera

, the

World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...

accepts the following genera: *''

Acanthoceto ''Acanthoceto'' is a genus of South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the ...

'' Mello-Leitão, 1944 — South America *''

Aljassa ''Aljassa'' is a genus of South American anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Antônio Brescovit in 1997. Species it contains five species: *''Aljassa annulipes'' (Caporiacco, 1955) – Venezuela *''Aljassa notata'' (Keyserling, 1881) – ...

'' Brescovit, 1997 — South America *'' Amaurobioides'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1883 — Africa, Chile, Australia, New Zealand *''

Anyphaena ''Anyphaena'' is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall Carl Jakob Sundevall (22 October 1801, Högestad – 2 February 1875) was a Swedish zoologist. Sundevall studied at Lund University, where he became ...

'' Sundevall, 1833 — Asia, Americas, Europe, Algeria *''

Anyphaenoides ''Anyphaenoides'' is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Lucien Berland in 1913. It is a senior synonym of "Quechuella" Species it contains twenty species from Central and South America: *''Anyphaenoides brescoviti'' Baert, 19 ...

'' Berland, 1913 — South America, Central America, Trinidad *''

Arachosia Arachosia () is the Hellenized name of an ancient satrapy situated in the eastern parts of the Achaemenid empire. It was centred around the valley of the Arghandab River in modern-day southern Afghanistan, and extended as far east as the In ...

'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 — South America, North America, Cuba, Panama *''

Araiya ''Araiya'' is a genus of South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the cont ...

'' Ramírez, 2003 — Chile, Argentina *''

Australaena ''Australaena'' is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Lucien Berland Lucien Berland (14 May 1888 in Ay, Marne – 18 August 1962 in Versailles)Jean-Jacques Amigo, « Berland (Lucien) », in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biogra ...

'' Berland, 1942 — French Polynesia *''

Axyracrus ''Axyracrus'' is a genus of South American anyphaenid sac spiders containing the single species, ''Axyracrus elegans''. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1884, and has only been found in Chile and Argentina. It is a senior synonym ...

'' Simon, 1884 — Chile, Argentina *''

Aysenia ''Aysenia'' is a genus of South American anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Albert Tullgren in 1902. Species it contains nine species from Chile and Argentina: *''Aysenia araucana'' Ramírez, 2003 – Chile *''Aysenia barrigai'' Izquier ...

'' Tullgren, 1902 — Chile, Argentina *''

Aysenoides ''Aysenoides'' is a genus of spiders in the family Anyphaenidae Anyphaenidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called anyphaenid sac spiders. They are distinguished from the sac spiders of the family Clubionidae and other spide ...

'' Ramírez, 2003 — Chile, Argentina *'' Aysha'' Keyserling, 1891 — South America, Panama *'' Bromelina'' Brescovit, 1993 — Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela *'' Buckupiella'' Brescovit, 1997 — Brazil, Argentina *'' Coptoprepes'' Simon, 1884 — Chile, Argentina *'' Ferrieria'' Tullgren, 1901 — Chile, Argentina *'' Gamakia'' Ramírez, 2003 — Chile *'' Gayenna'' Nicolet, 1849 — South America, Mexico *'' Gayennoides'' Ramírez, 2003 — Chile *'' Hatitia'' Brescovit, 1997 — Ecuador, Peru, Colombia *'' Hibana'' Brescovit, 1991 — North and South America, Caribbean *'' Iguarima'' Brescovit, 1997 — Brazil, Ecuador *'' Ilocomba'' Brescovit, 1997 — Colombia *'' Isigonia'' Simon, 1897 — South America, Panama *'' Italaman'' Brescovit, 1997 — Colombia, Brazil, Argentina *'' Jessica'' Brescovit, 1997 — South America *'' Josa'' Keyserling, 1891 — South America, Costa Rica, Mexico *'' Katissa'' Brescovit, 1997 — Central America, South America *'' Lepajan'' Brescovit, 1993 — Ecuador, Panama *'' Lupettiana'' Brescovit, 1997 — Costa Rica, Caribbean, South America, United States *'' Macrophyes'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 — Mexico, Central America, South America *'' Mesilla'' Simon, 1903 — Colombia, Ecuador *'' Monapia'' Simon, 1897 — Chile, Uruguay, Argentina *'' Negayan'' Ramírez, 2003 — Chile, Argentina, Peru *'' Osoriella'' Mello-Leitão, 1922 — South America *'' Otoniela'' Brescovit, 1997 — South America *'' Oxysoma'' Nicolet, 1849 — Chile, Argentina, Brazil *'' Patrera'' Simon, 1903 — South America, Central America *'' Phidyle'' Simon, 1880 — Chile *''

Philisca ''Philisca'' is a genus of South American anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1884. Species it contains fourteen species: *''Philisca accentifera'' Simon, 1904 – Chile, Argentina *''Philisca amaena'' (Simon, 1884) – ...

'' Simon, 1884 — Chile, Argentina *'' Pippuhana'' Brescovit, 1997 — United States, Panama, Brazil *'' Sanogasta'' Mello-Leitão, 1941 — South America *'' Selknamia'' Ramírez, 2003 — Chile, Argentina *'' Shuyushka'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2016 — Ecuador *'' Sillus'' F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900 — Mexico, Central America, Brazil *'' Sinophaena'' Lin & Li, 2021 — China *'' Tafana'' Simon, 1903 — Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia *'' Tasata'' Simon, 1903 — South America *'' Temnida'' Simon, 1896 — South America *'' Teudis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Central America *'' Thaloe'' Brescovit, 1993 — Cuba *'' Timbuka'' Brescovit, 1997 — South America, Central America, Mexico *''

Tomopisthes ''Tomopisthes'' is a genus of South American Anyphaenidae, anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1884. Species it contains five species: *''Tomopisthes horrendus'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile, Argentina *''Tomopisthes puconen ...

'' Simon, 1884 — Chile, Argentina *'' Umuara'' Brescovit, 1997 — Venezuela, Brazil, Peru *'' Wulfila'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895 — North America, South America, Central America, Caribbean *'' Wulfilopsis'' Soares & Camargo, 1955 — Brazil *'' Xiruana'' Brescovit, 1997 — South America

References

External links

Family Anyphaenidae Sac spiders, ghost spiders

Video of Hibana, an anyphaenid from Florida
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5876 Articles containing video clips Araneomorphae families Taxa named by Philipp Bertkau

Genera

See also

References

External links