''Antrophyum'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
fern
A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except ...
s in the family
Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recogni ...
.
[''Antrophyum'']
USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) 14 Jan 2012 They are commonly known as lineleaf ferns.
Description
Like most other
vittarioid
Vittarioideae is a subfamily of the fern family Pteridaceae, in the order Polypodiales. The subfamily includes the previous families Adiantaceae (adiantoids or maidenhair ferns) and Vittariaceae (vittarioids or shoestring ferns).
Description
The ...
ferns, members of the genus have simple, straplike leaves. Most species lack a
costa
Costa may refer to:
Biology
* Rib (Latin: ''costa''), in vertebrate anatomy
* Costa (botany), the central strand of a plant leaf or thallus
* Costa (coral), a stony rib, part of the skeleton of a coral
* Costa (entomology), the leading edge of th ...
(midrib), although a few have a partial one, and the leaves are generally more than wide. The leaves have netlike venation, with three or more rows of areolae ("gaps" in the net of veins) on either side of the midline. Linear
sori are borne along the veins throughout the underside of the leaf.
Paraphyses
Paraphyses are erect sterile filament-like support structures occurring among the reproductive apparatuses of fungi, ferns, bryophytes and some thallophytes. The singular form of the word is paraphysis.
In certain fungi, they are part of the fe ...
(miniature hairs) are present on the sori (separating the genus from ''
Polytaenium''); the cells at the tips of the paraphyses may be spherical or slender, and
spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, ...
s are trilete. (By comparison, ''
Scoliosorus
''Scoliosorus'' is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae with a single species, ''Scoliosorus ensiformis''. The species is native to Mexico and Central America.
References
Pteridaceae
Monotypic fern ...
'' and ''
Antrophyopsis
''Antrophyopsis'' is a genus of vittarioid ferns, a member of subfamily Vittarioideae and family Pteridaceae. Like other vittarioids, ferns in the genus are epiphytes with simple, straplike leaves. They are native to tropical Africa and islands ...
'' always have spherical cells at the tips of their paraphyses, and monolete spores.)
Taxonomy
The genus was first described by
Georg Friedrich Kaulfuss
Georg Friedrich Kaulfuss (8 April 1786 – 9 December 1830) was a professor at Halle. He described the pteridophytes collected by Adelbert von Chamisso, and he named the fern ''Cibotium chamissoi'' after him. The genus '' Kaulfussia'' is named ...
in 1824. He included in it several species placed in ''
Hemionitis
''Hemionitis'' is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae of the family Pteridaceae. Its circumscription varies greatly in different systems of fern classification. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), ...
'' by
Carl Ludwig Willdenow
Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist. He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants. Willdenow was a ...
, distinguishing them on the basis of their reticulate, indusiate sori sunken into the leaf tissue. The name means "growing from a cavity", a reference to the growth of the sori from a groove in the leaf. In 1875,
John Smith
John Smith is a common personal name. It is also commonly used as a placeholder name and pseudonym, and is sometimes used in the United States and the United Kingdom as a term for an average person. It may refer to:
People
:''In chronological ...
designated ''
'' as the
lectotype
In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes th ...
for the genus.
Species include:
*''
''
Brack.
*''
''
Tardieu & C.Chr.
*''
''
(Jeanp.) Tardieu
*''
Antrophyum austroqueenslandicum
''Antrophyum austroqueenslandicum'' (previously ''A.'' sp. Blue Pool) was a species of epiphytic or lithophytic fern known from subtropical rainforest in Lamington National Park in the state of Queensland, Australia. Only one plant was known i ...
''
D. L. Jones
*''
''
Hook.
*''
'' – Forked lineleaf fern
*''
''
Blume – Ox-tongue Fern
*''
''
H.Itô
*''
''
Christ
*''
''
(D. Don) Wall. ex Moore
*''
''
Alderw.
*''
''
Hieron.
*''
''
Hieron.
*''
Antrophyum immersum''
(Bory) Mett.
*''
Antrophyum intramarginale'' – Tufted lineleaf fern
*''
Antrophyum jagoanum''
D.L.Jones & Bostock
*''
Antrophyum lancifolium''
Rosenst.
*''
Antrophyum latifolium''
Blume
*''
Antrophyum ledermannii''
Hier.
*''
Antrophyum lessonii''
Bory
*''
Antrophyum malgassicum''
C. Chr.
*''
Antrophyum megistophyllum''
Copel.
*''
Antrophyum novae-caledoniae''
Hieron.
*''
Antrophyum obovatum''
Bak.
*''
Antrophyum ovatum''
Alderw.
*''
Antrophyum parvulum''
Bl.
*''
''
(Cav.) Kaulf.
*''
Antrophyum ponapense''
H.Itô
*''
Antrophyum reticulatum''
(Forst.) Kaulf.
*''
Antrophyum semicostatum''
Bl.
*''
Antrophyum sessilifolium''
(Cav.) Spreng.
*''
Antrophyum simulans''
Alderw.
*''
Antrophyum smithii''
C. Chr.
*''
Antrophyum spathulatum''
Alderw.
*''
Antrophyum strictum''
Mett.
*''
Antrophyum subfalcatum''
Brackenr.
*''
Antrophyum trivittatum''
C. Chr.
*''
Antrophyum vittarioides''
Bak.
*''
Antrophyum williamsii''
Benedict
*''
Antrophyum winitii''
Tag. & Iwatsuki
*''
Antrophyum zosteraefolium''
Fée
The subgenus ''
Antrophyopsis
''Antrophyopsis'' is a genus of vittarioid ferns, a member of subfamily Vittarioideae and family Pteridaceae. Like other vittarioids, ferns in the genus are epiphytes with simple, straplike leaves. They are native to tropical Africa and islands ...
'', containing the species ''
A. bivittatum''
C. Chr., ''
A. boryanum''
Willd., and ''
A. mannianum''
Hook. (later treated in ''
Scoliosorus
''Scoliosorus'' is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae with a single species, ''Scoliosorus ensiformis''. The species is native to Mexico and Central America.
References
Pteridaceae
Monotypic fern ...
''), was elevated to a genus in 2016.
Distribution
Most species occur in tropical Asia and the Pacific, but ''
A. immersum'' and ''
A. malgassicum'' are known from Africa and the Indian Ocean.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4777372
Pteridaceae
Epiphytes
Fern genera