''Antrodia'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Fomitopsidaceae The Fomitopsidaceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Polyporales. Most species are parasitic on woody plants, and tend to cause Wood-decay fungus#Brown rot, brown rots. The name comes from ''Fomitopsis'' (meaning "looking like ...

. ''Antrodia'' species have

fruit bodies The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruitbody is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cyc ...

that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the

hymenium The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in oth ...

exposed to the outside; the edges may be turned so as to form narrow

brackets A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. They come in four main pairs of shapes, as given in the box to the right, which also gives their n ...

. Most species are found in

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

and

boreal forest Taiga or tayga ( ; , ), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by pinophyta, coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga, or boreal forest, is the world's largest land biome. I ...

s, and cause brown rot.

Description

''Antrodia'' are effused-resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the

exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The

context In semiotics, linguistics, sociology and anthropology, context refers to those objects or entities which surround a ''focal event'', in these disciplines typically a communicative event, of some kind. Context is "a frame that surrounds the event ...

is white or pale. All species cause brown-rot. Typically,

basidiospores A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are pr ...

are thin-walled, cylindrical, and narrowly

ellipsoid An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional Scaling (geometry), scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a Surface (mathemat ...

al or

fusiform Fusiform (from Latin ''fusus'' ‘spindle’) means having a spindle (textiles), spindle-like shape that is wide in the middle and tapers at both ends. It is similar to the lemon (geometry), lemon-shape, but often implies a focal broadening of a ...

in shape. Most species grow on the wood of

coniferous Conifers () are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a sin ...

trees, except for ''A. albida'', which grows on the dead wood of

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed Leaf, leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...

trees.

Distribution

Roughly twenty-nine species are known from Europe, 21 species in North America, and 18 species in East Asia, although more new species have been reported since the time of these publications.

Taxonomy

The modern definition of the genus follows the description given by Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1986), in their

monograph A monograph is generally a long-form work on one (usually scholarly) subject, or one aspect of a subject, typically created by a single author or artist (or, sometimes, by two or more authors). Traditionally it is in written form and published a ...

''North American Polypores''. In order to reliably identify the various species and strains of medicinal ''Antrodia'', genetic markers have been developed and

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...

analyses performed. These analyses have demonstrated that there are three distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus ''Antrodia''.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Antrodia'': *''

Antrodia afrosinuosa ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' Ryvarden (2019) *''

Antrodia albida ''Antrodia albida'' is a species of fungus in the genus '' Antrodia'' that grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees. A widely distributed species, it is found in Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, North America, and South America. The fungus was fir ...

'' (Fr.) Donk (1966) *''

Antrodia alpina ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (Litsch.) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1985) *''

Antrodia angulopora ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (M.J. Larsen & Lombard) Ryvarden (2023) *''

Antrodia aurantia ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' Lodge, Ryvarden & Perd.-Sánch. (2001) *''

Antrodia bambusicola ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui (2011) – China *''

Antrodia bohemica ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (Bernicchia, Vampola & Prodi) Ryvarden & Melo (2018) *'' Antrodia calceus'' (Fr.) Teixeira (1992) *'' Antrodia conchata'' D.A. Reid (1974) *'' Antrodia eutelea'' (Har. & Pat.) Ryvarden (1983) *''

Antrodia favescens ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (Schwein.) Vlasák & Spirin (2014) *'' Antrodia gossypium'' (Speg.) Ryvarden (1973) *''

Antrodia griseoflavescens ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (Litsch.) Runnel, Spirin & K.H. Larss. (2019) *''

Antrodia heteromorpha ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (Fr.) Donk (1966) *'' Antrodia hingganensis'' Y.C. Dai & Penttilä (2006) *'' Antrodia hippophaes'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) *'' Antrodia huangshanensis'' Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui (2011) *''

Antrodia labyrinthica ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (Bernicchia & Ryvarden) Melo & Ryvarden (2017) *'' Antrodia lalashana'' T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou (1998) *''

Antrodia latebrosa ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family (biology), family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have Basidiocarp, fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to ...

'' Spirin, Ryvarden & Miettinen (2019) *'' Antrodia macra'' (Sommerf.) Niemelä (1985) *'' Antrodia macrospora'' Bernicchia & De Dominicis (1990) *'' Antrodia madronae'' Vlasák & Ryvarden (2012) – western USA *''

Antrodia mappa ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (Overh. & J. Lowe) Miettinen & Vlasák (2014) *'' Antrodia multiformis'' Vlasák (2017) – USA *'' Antrodia multipapillata'' (Corner) T. Hatt. (2003) *''

Antrodia neotropica ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' Kaipper-Fig., Robledo & Drechsler-Santos (2016) *'' Antrodia novae-zelandiae'' P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden (2000) *'' Antrodia parvula'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) *''

Antrodia peregrina ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' Spirin, Y.C. Dai & Vlasák (2019) *''

Antrodia pictilis ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family (biology), family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have Basidiocarp, fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to ...

'' (Berk.) Teng (1963) *'' Antrodia plicata'' Niemelä (1978) *'' Antrodia porothelioides'' (Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex Cooke) Ryvarden (1988) *'' Antrodia pseudosinuosa'' A. Henrici & Ryvarden (1997) *'' Antrodia ramentacea'' (Berk. & Broome) Donk (1966) *''

Antrodia renehenticii ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (B. Rivoire, Trichies & Vlasák) Melo & Ryvarden (2017) *'' Antrodia rhizomorpha'' (Bagchee) J.R. Sharma (2000) *'' Antrodia rupamii'' Virdi (1992) *'' Antrodia sandaliae'' Bernicchia & Ryvarden (2001) *'' Antrodia sinuosa'' (Fr.) P. Karst. (1881) *'' Antrodia subalbidoides'' A. David & Dequatre (1985) *'' Antrodia submalicola'' A. David & Dequatre (1985) *'' Antrodia subramentacea'' A. David & Dequatre (1985) *''

Antrodia subserpens ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' B.K. Cui & Yuan Y. Chen (2015) *''

Antrodia tanakae ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' (Murrill) Spirin & Miettinen (2014) *'' Antrodia taxa'' T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou (1999) *'' Antrodia tenerifensis'' Kout & Vlasák (2017) –

Tenerife Tenerife ( ; ; formerly spelled ''Teneriffe'') is the largest and most populous island of the Canary Islands, an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain. With a land area of and a population of 965,575 inhabitants as of A ...

*'' Antrodia terryi'' (Berk. & Broome) P. Karst. (1879) *''

Antrodia tropica ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family (biology), family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have Basidiocarp, fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to ...

'' B.K. Cui (2012) – China *'' Antrodia wangii'' Y.C. Dai & H.S. Yuan (2006) *''

Antrodia yunnanensis ''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be t ...

'' M.L. Han & Q. An (2020)

References

External links

* {{Authority control Fomitopsidaceae Polyporales genera Taxa named by Petter Adolf Karsten Taxa described in 1879