The Antonov An-28 (

NATO reporting name NATO uses a system of code names, called reporting names, to denote military aircraft and other equipment used by post-Soviet states, former Warsaw Pact countries, China, and other countries. The system assists military communications by providi ...

Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the

Antonov An-14 The Antonov An-14 Pchelka or Pchyolka, Bdzhilka (, "Little Bee", NATO reporting name: Clod)Taylor 1976, pp. 404–405. is a Soviet utility aircraft which was first flown on 15 March 1958.Stroud 1968, p. 65. It was a twin-engined light STOL ut ...

M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by

Aeroflot PJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines (, ), commonly known as Aeroflot ( or ; , , ), is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Russia. Aeroflot is headquartered in the Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow, with its hub being Sheremetyevo Interna ...

as a short-range airliner. It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in

airline An airline is a company that provides civil aviation, air transport services for traveling passengers or freight (cargo). Airlines use aircraft to supply these services and may form partnerships or Airline alliance, alliances with other airlines ...

service as at August 2015. After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the

PZL M28 Skytruck The PZL M28 Skytruck is a family of Polish light utility aircraft with STOL capability produced by PZL Mielec for military and civilian use. They are mainly used in transport, patrol and maritime reconnaissance roles. The maritime patrol and ...

Development

The An-28 is similar to the An-14 in many aspects, including its wing structure and twin

rudder A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, airship, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium (usually air or water). On an airplane, the rudder is used primarily to counter adverse yaw ...

s, but features an expanded

fuselage The fuselage (; from the French language, French ''fuselé'' "spindle-shaped") is an aircraft's main body section. It holds Aircrew, crew, passengers, or cargo. In single-engine aircraft, it will usually contain an Aircraft engine, engine as wel ...

and

turboprop A turboprop is a Gas turbine, gas turbine engine that drives an aircraft Propeller (aeronautics), propeller. A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction drive, reduction gearbox, gas compressor, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propellin ...

engines, in place of the An-14's

piston engines A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all ...

. The An-28 first flew as a modified An-14 in 1969. The next preproduction model did not fly until 1975. In passenger carrying configuration, accommodation was provided for up to 15 people, in addition to the two-man crew.Green, W. 1976. ''The Observer's Book of Aircraft''. (25th ed.) Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 254. Production was transferred to PZL-Mielec in 1978. The first Polish-built aircraft did not fly until 1984. The An-28 finally received its Soviet type certificate in 1986.

Variants

;An-14A :The original Antonov designation for an enlarged, twin-turboprop version of the An-14. ;An-14M :Prototype. ;An-28 :Twin-engined short-range utility transport aircraft, three built. ;An-28RM Bryza 1RM :Search and rescue, air ambulance aircraft. ;An-28TD Bryza 1TD :Transport version. ;An-28PT :Variant made in Poland with Pratt & Whitney PT6 engines first flown 22 July 1993.

Operators

Civil operators

Major operators of the 16 Antonov An-28 aircraft remaining in airline service include: ; * Skiva Air (2) ; * Vostok Airlines (3) * SiLA (3) ; * Tajik Air (2)

Former civilian operators

; * Air Livonia *

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; * Avluga-Trans (11) ; * Kyrgyzstan Airlines (5) ; * Tepavia Trans (4) ; * Blue Wing Airlines (formerly operated five with three lost in crashes on 3 April 2008, 15 October 2009, and 15 May 2010)

Military operators

; * Georgian Air Force – two as of December 2016. ; * Tanzania Air Force Command – one as of December 2016.

Former military operators

; * Djibouti Air Force two retired. ; *

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two in storage

Former operators

; *

Soviet Air Force The Soviet Air Forces (, VVS SSSR; literally "Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"; initialism VVS, sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force") were one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Sovie ...

Notable accidents and incidents

;19 October 1992 :

Flight 302 stalled and crashed shortly after takeoff from Ust-Nem, Russia following a loss of control due to engine failure, killing 15 of 16 on board. ;29 December 1999 : Ecuato Guineana (3C-JJI) An-28 crashed into the

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off İnebolu, killing all six people on board. ;23 November 2001 :ELK Airways Flight 1007, an An-28 ''ES-NOV'' operated by

, struck trees and crashed about 1.5 km from the airport while attempting to land in bad weather at Kärdla Airport, Estonia. Of the 14 passengers and 3 crew on board, 2 passengers were killed. ;29 August 2002 : Vostok Aviation Company Flight 359 struck a mountain slope near Ayan, Russia after the pilot descended too soon during the approach to Ayan, killing all 16 on board. ;3 August 2006 :A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 (9Q-COM) struck a mountainside in low cloud while descending for Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all 17 on board. ;3 April 2008 :A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed upon landing near Benzdorp in

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. All 19 on board were killed. ;15 October 2009 :A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 overran the runway on landing at

Kwamelasemoetoe Airstrip Kwamelasemoetoe Airstrip is an airport serving Kwamelasemoetoe, Suriname, a Trio Indian village in the south of Suriname in the Sipaliwini District. The name of the village means bamboo sand, named after nearby Sipaliwini River banks partly ove ...

and hit an obstacle. The aircraft was substantially damaged and four people were injured, one seriously. ;15 May 2010 : A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed over the upper Marowijne district approximately north-east of Poketi,

. The two pilots and six passengers died. ;30 January 2012 :A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 crashed while on a domestic cargo flight from Bukavu-Kamenbe Airport to Namoya Airstrip, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing three of the five crew. ;12 September 2012 : Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 crashed while on a domestic flight from

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to Palana Airport, killing ten of 14 people. ;16 July 2021 : SiLA Airlines Flight 42 force-landed and crashed upside-down in the Bakcharsky District, Tomsk Oblast, Russia after both engines failed due to icing; all 18 on board survived. ;27 February 2022 :An An-28 was damaged by Russian artillery during the attack on Hostomel.

Specifications (An-28)

References

* *

External links

List of all PZL M28 aircraft used by Polish Air Force

An-28/M28/M28B production list
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