Antonio Raimondi (September 19, 1826 – October 26, 1890) was an

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...

-born

Peruvian Peruvians (''/peruanas'') are the citizens of Peru. What is now Peru has been inhabited for several millennia by cultures such as the Caral before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Peruvian population decreased from an estimated 5–9 ...

geographer and scientist. Born in

Milan Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...

, Raimondi emigrated to

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

in 1850, arriving at the port of

Callao Callao () is a Peruvian seaside city and Regions of Peru, region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area. Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Chávez International Airport. Callao municipality consists ...

on July 28. In 1851 he became a professor of

natural history Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...

. In 1856, he was one of the founding professors of the

medical school A medical school is a tertiary educational institution, professional school, or forms a part of such an institution, that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians. Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, ...

at the

National University of San Marcos The National University of San Marcos (, UNMSM) is a public university, public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru. In the Americas, it is the first officially established (Privilege (legal ethics), privilege by Charles V, ...

; in 1861, he founded the

analytical chemistry Analytical skill, Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to Separation process, separate, identify, and Quantification (science), quantify matter. In practice, separation, identification or quantification may constitute t ...

department. Raimondi died in 1890 in the town of San Pedro de Lloc in the

La Libertad Region La Libertad (; in English language, English: ''The Liberty'') is a Regions of Peru, department and Regional Government of La Libertad, region in northwestern Peru. Formerly it was known as the Department of La Libertad ('). It is bordered by the L ...

of northern Peru. His house where he died, situated close the town's main plaza, has been converted into a museum. Throughout his career, Raimondi displayed a passion for all things Peruvian. He undertook at least 18 expeditions across Peru, visiting all regions to study the nation's geography, geology, botany, zoology, ethnography, and archaeology. In 1875, he collected his findings in the massive tome '' El Perú'', which was subsequently republished in numerous editions over the next 40 years. The Raimondi Museum in

Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...

houses some of the collections he gathered in his travels. A popular historical figure in Peru, Raimondi is the namesake of many Peruvian cultural institutions, including schools, theaters, museums, and institutes of higher learning. The Antonio Raymondi Province in the

Ancash Region Ancash (; ) is a department and region in western Peru. It is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, ...

of Peru is also named after him. Some of his biological discoveries also carry his name, such as the '' Neoraimondia'' genus of

cactus A cactus (: cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae (), a family of the order Caryophyllales comprising about 127 genera with some 1,750 known species. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, ...

Bibliography

Works

* 1854: ''Informes sobre la existencia de guano en las islas de Chincha presentados por la Comisión nombrada por el gobierno peruano, con los planos levantados por la misma Comisión'', Tipografía "El Heraldo", Lima * 1857: ''Elementos de botánica aplicada a la medicina y a la industria en los cuales se trata especialmente de las plantas del Perú'', Imp. Mariano Murga, Lima * 1862: ''Apuntes sobre la provincia litoral de Loreto'', Tipografía Nacional (Imp. Manuel D. Cortés), Lima * 1864: ''Análisis de las aguas termales de Yura, aguas minerales de Jesús y aguas potables de Arequipa'', Imp. Francisco Ibáñez, Arequipa * 1873: ''El departamento de Ancachs y sus riquezas minerales'', Enrique Meiggs (Imp. "El Nacional" por Pedro Lira), Lima * 1873: ''La manipulación del guano'', Imprenta del Estado, Lima * 1873: ''Manipulación del guano'', Imp. "El Nacional", Lima * 1874: ''Guano y salitre. Observaciones a la memoria del sr. d. Daniel Desmaison'', La Opinión Nacional, Lima * 1874: ''El Perú. Parte Preliminar (Tomo I)'', Imprenta del Estado, Lima * 1875: ''Observaciones al dictámen de los señores Cisneros y García en la cuestión relativa al salitre'', Imp. de "La Opinión Nacional", Lima * 1876: ''El Perú. Historia de la Geografía del Perú (Tomo II)'', Imprenta del Estado, Lima * 1878: ''Minerales del Perú o catálogo razonado de una colección que representa los principales tipos minerales de la República, con muestras de huano y restos de aves que lo han producido'', Imprenta del Estado, Lima * 1880: ''El Perú. Historia de la Geografía del Perú (Tomo III)'', Imprenta del Estado, Lima * 1880: ''Apéndice al catálogo razonado de los minerales del Perú'', Imp. Prince y Bux, Lima * 1882: ''Aguas minerales del Perú'', J. Galland y E. Henriod (Imp. C. Prince), Lima * 1883: ''Minas de oro de Carabaya'', Carlos Paz Soldán, Lima * 1884: ''Aguas potables del Perú'', F. Masías y C^ía, Lima * 1885: ''Memoria sobre el Cerro de Pasco y la montaña de Chanchamayo'', Imp. de La Merced (Peter Bacigalupi y C^ía), Lima * 1887: ''Minas de oro del Perú'', Impr. y Libr. B. Gil, Lima

Maps

* 1888: ''Mapa del Perú'', Grabado e Imp. Erhard Frères, Paris

Posthumous publications

* 1902: ''Estudios geológicos del camino entre Lima y Morococha y alrededores de esta hacienda'', Impr. y Libr. de San Pedro, Lima * 1929: ''El Perú. Itinerarios de viajes'', Banco Italiano de Lima (Imp. Torres Aguirre), Lima * 1942: ''Notas de Viaje para su obra "El Perú" (Primer Volumen)'', Ing. Alberto Jochamowitz (Imp. Torres Aguirre), Lima * 1943: ''Notas de Viaje para su obra "El Perú" (Segundo Volumen)'', Ing. Alberto Jochamowitz (Imp. Torres Aguirre), Lima * 1955: ''50 láminas inéditas de iconografía vegetal'', Asociación Educacional Italiana, Lima * 1990: ''Epistolario de Antonio Raimondi'', Asociación Educacional Antonio Raimondi, Lima * 1991: ''Apreciaciones personales. Cartas a Miguel Colunga (1859-1868)'', Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, Lima

Translations

* 1878: ''Minéraux au Pérou. Catalogue raisonné d'une collection des principaux types minéraux de la République comprenant aussi des échantillons de guano et des derbis fossilisés des oiseaux qui l'ont produit'', A. Chaix et C^ie (Imp. Centrale des Chemins de Fer), Paris

Works related to Antonio Raimondi

* 1966: ''Viajes por el Perú'' (por Jorge Guillermo Llosa ), Editorial Universitaria, Lima * 2005: ''Antonio Raimondi, mirada íntima del Perú. Epistolario, 1849-1890'', Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú & Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, Lima

External links

Raimondi Museum
– with a biography of Raimondi, maps of his travels, and catalog of the collection.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raimondi, Antonio 1826 births 1890 deaths Peruvian botanists Emigrants from the Austrian Empire Immigrants to Peru Academic staff of the National University of San Marcos 19th-century Italian geographers