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Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus (, "Antiochus the Pious, the Cyzicene") was a ruler of the
entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith He left the kingdom in 129 BC and went to the city of Cyzicus, but he returned in 116 BC to challenge his half-brother Antiochus VIII for power. The siblings fought a twenty-year civil war. In 112 BC, Antiochus IX's wife, Cleopatra IV, was killed by her sister Tryphaena, the wife of Antiochus VIII. Tryphaena herself died shortly afterwards. Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC; he was succeeded by his sons Seleucus VI and Demetrius III. Antiochus IX then took the capital
The son of Antiochus VII and Cleopatra Thea, upon the death of his father in
by Chris BennettJustin 39, 3, 3-11. Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC. Antiochus IX then captured Antioch and married his brother's widow, Cleopatra Selene, who was the sister of Cleopatra IV. Antiochus IX was subsequently killed in battle against Antiochus VIII's son Seleucus VI later in 96 BC.
An engraved gem.
Property of The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. It probably depicts Antiochus IX. {{DEFAULTSORT:Antiochus 09 2nd-century BC births 96 BC deaths 2nd-century BC Seleucid monarchs 1st-century BC Seleucid monarchs Monarchs killed in action Year of birth unknown
Hellenistic
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Greek history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the R ...
Seleucid kingdom. He was the son of Antiochus VII and Cleopatra Thea.Antiochus IX Cyzicenusentry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith He left the kingdom in 129 BC and went to the city of Cyzicus, but he returned in 116 BC to challenge his half-brother Antiochus VIII for power. The siblings fought a twenty-year civil war. In 112 BC, Antiochus IX's wife, Cleopatra IV, was killed by her sister Tryphaena, the wife of Antiochus VIII. Tryphaena herself died shortly afterwards. Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC; he was succeeded by his sons Seleucus VI and Demetrius III. Antiochus IX then took the capital
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (; , ) "Antioch on Daphne"; or "Antioch the Great"; ; ; ; ; ; ; . was a Hellenistic Greek city founded by Seleucus I Nicator in 300 BC. One of the most important Greek cities of the Hellenistic period, it served as ...
and married his deceased wife's sister Cleopatra Selene, who was herself the widow of Antiochus VIII. Seleucus VI continued the war against his uncle. Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus was killed in battle in 95 BC.
Biography
The son of Antiochus VII and Cleopatra Thea, upon the death of his father in Parthia
Parthia ( ''Parθava''; ''Parθaw''; ''Pahlaw'') is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Medes during the 7th century BC, was incorporated into the subsequent Achaemeni ...
and his uncle Demetrius II's return to power (129 BC), his mother sent him to Cyzicus
Cyzicus ( ; ; ) was an ancient Greek town in Mysia in Anatolia in the current Balıkesir Province of Turkey. It was located on the shoreward side of the present Kapıdağ Peninsula (the classical Arctonnesus), a tombolo which is said to have or ...
on the Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait ( ; , colloquially ) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental bo ...
, thus giving him his nickname.
Following the death of his mother c. 121 BC, Antiochus IX Cyzicenus challenged his half-brother, Antiochus VIII, for power over Syria.
He returned to Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...
in 116 BC to claim the Seleucid throne from Antiochus VIII, with whom he eventually divided Syria, that same year.
Antiochus IX was first married to Cleopatra IV, who was said to have been killed in 112 BC by her sister and rival Tryphaena, wife of Antiochus VIII.Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004Cleopatra Theaby Chris BennettJustin 39, 3, 3-11. Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC. Antiochus IX then captured Antioch and married his brother's widow, Cleopatra Selene, who was the sister of Cleopatra IV. Antiochus IX was subsequently killed in battle against Antiochus VIII's son Seleucus VI later in 96 BC.
Legacy
Antiochus IX probably created the Iturean tetrarchy as an ally against Antiochus VIII.See also
* List of Syrian monarchs * Timeline of Syrian historyReferences
Sources
* *External links
An engraved gem.
Property of The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. It probably depicts Antiochus IX. {{DEFAULTSORT:Antiochus 09 2nd-century BC births 96 BC deaths 2nd-century BC Seleucid monarchs 1st-century BC Seleucid monarchs Monarchs killed in action Year of birth unknown