Antiochus (

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

: Ἀντίοχος) is a Greek male personal name, likely meaning "resolute in contention", or "unwavering". It is derived from the two words αντί ("against") and ὄχη ("support"). It was a dynastic name for rulers of the

Seleucid Empire The Seleucid Empire ( ) was a Greek state in West Asia during the Hellenistic period. It was founded in 312 BC by the Macedonian general Seleucus I Nicator, following the division of the Macedonian Empire founded by Alexander the Great ...

, and the kingdom of

Commagene Commagene () was an ancient Greco-Iranian kingdom ruled by a Hellenized branch of the Orontid dynasty, Orontids, a dynasty of Iranian peoples, Iranian origin, that had ruled over the Satrapy of Armenia. The kingdom was located in and around the ...

. In

Jew Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly inte ...

ish historical memory, connected with the

Maccabean Revolt The Maccabean Revolt () was a Jewish rebellion led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire and against Hellenistic influence on Jewish life. The main phase of the revolt lasted from 167 to 160 BCE and ended with the Seleucids in control of ...

and the holiday of

Hanukkah Hanukkah (, ; ''Ḥănukkā'' ) is a Jewish holidays, Jewish festival commemorating the recovery of Jerusalem and subsequent rededication of the Second Temple at the beginning of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd ce ...

, "Antiochus" refers specifically to

Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus IV Epiphanes ( 215 BC–November/December 164 BC) was king of the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. Notable events during Antiochus' reign include his near-conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt, his persecution of the Jews of ...

. Antiochus may refer to:

The Seleucid Empire

Antiochus (father of Seleucus I Nicator) Antiochus (Greek: Ἀντίοχος; fl. 4th century BC) was a Macedonian man who lived during the time of Philip II of Macedon (ruled 359-336 BC). He originally came from Orestis, Upper Macedonia (modern-day Kastoria, Greece). Antiochus served ...

(born 4th century BC), father of Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire *

Antiochus I Soter Antiochus I Soter (, ''Antíochos Sōtér''; "Antiochus Soter, the Savior"; 2 June 261 BC) was a Ancient Greece, Greek king of the Seleucid Empire. Antiochus succeeded his father Seleucus I Nicator in 281 BC and reigned during a period of instabi ...

(died 261 BC), king of the Seleucid Empire *

Antiochus II Theos Antiochus II Theos (, , meaning "Antiochus the God"; 286 – July 246 BC) was a Greek king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire who reigned from 261 to 246 BC. He succeeded his father Antiochus I Soter in the winter of 262–61 BC. He was th ...

(286–246 BC), king of the Seleucid Empire who reigned 261–246 BC *

Antiochus Hierax Antiochus (; ; killed c. 226 BC), called Hierax (, Ἱέραξ, "Hawk") for his grasping and ambitious character, was the younger son of Antiochus II and Laodice I and separatist leader in the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom, who ruled as king of ...

(died 226 BC), rebel brother of Seleucus II Callinicus *

Antiochus III the Great Antiochus III the Great (; , ; 3 July 187 BC) was the sixth ruler of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 223 to 187 BC. He ruled over the region of Syria and large parts of the rest of West Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC. Rising to th ...

(241–187 BC, king 222–187 BC), younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus, became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire **

Antiochus (son of Antiochus III the Great) Antiochus (221 BC–193 BC) was a Seleucid prince, first-born child to the Seleucid monarchs Antiochus III the Great and Laodice III, and his father's first heir. Biography Antiochus was of Greek Macedonian and Persian descent. In 210 BC ...

, the first son of Antiochus III the Great *

(215–164 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until 164 BC *

Antiochus V Eupator Antiochus V Eupator (), whose epithet means "of a good father" ( – 162 BC) was a ruler of the Seleucid Empire who reigned from late 164 to 162 BC (based on dates from 1 Maccabees 6:16 and 7:1). He was appointed as king by the RomansAppian ''Ro ...

(173–162 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire who reigned 164–162 BC *

Antiochus VI Dionysus Antiochus VI Dionysus ( 148–142/1 BC), king of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom, was the son of Alexander Balas Alexander I Theopator Euergetes, surnamed Balas (), was the ruler of the Seleucid Empire from 150 BC to August 145 BC. Pic ...

(148–138 BC), king of the Seleucid Empire, son of Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea *

Antiochus VII Sidetes Antiochus VII Euergetes (; 164/160 BC129 BC), nicknamed Sidetes () (from Side, a city in Asia Minor), also known as Antiochus the Pious, was ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire from July/August 138 to 129 BC. He was the last Seleucid king ...

(died 129 BC), king of the Seleucid Empire, reigned from 138 to 129 BC *

Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus VIII Epiphanes/Callinicus/Philometor, nicknamed Grypus (, "hook-nose"), was the ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire from 125 to 96 BC. He was the younger son of Demetrius II and Cleopatra Thea. He may have spent his early life i ...

(died 96 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire, son of Demetrius II Nicator *

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus (, "Antiochus the Pious, the Cyzicene") was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom. He was the son of Antiochus VII and Cleopatra Thea.

(died 96 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire, son of Antiochus VII Sidetes and Cleopatra Thea, half-brother of Antiochus VIII *

Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator (; – 92 or 88 BC) was a Seleucid Empire, Seleucid monarch who reigned as King of Syria during the Hellenistic period between 95 BC and 92 BC or 89/88 BC (224 Seleucid era, SE eleucid year. He was ...

(died 83 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire from 95 BC *

Antiochus XI Epiphanes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus (; died 93 BC) was a Seleucid Empire, Seleucid monarch who reigned as List of Syrian monarchs, King of Syria between 94 and 93 BC, during the Hellenistic period. He was the son of Antiochus VIII Grypus, Antioch ...

(died 92 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire, son of Antiochus VIII Grypus and brother of Seleucus VI Epiphanes *

Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XII Dionysus Epiphanes Philopator Callinicus (; between 124 and 109 BC – 82 BC) was a Hellenistic period, Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, Seleucid monarch who reigned as List of Syrian monarchs, King of Syria between 87 and 82 BC. The ...

(Epiphanes/Philopator/Callinicus), ruler of the Seleucid Empire reigned 87–84 BC; fifth son of Antiochus VIII Grypus *

Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Antiochus XIII Philadelphus, ( Greek: Ἀντίοχος ΙΓ' Φιλάδελφος) known as Asiaticus, (Ἀσιατικός) was the penultimate ruler of the Seleucid kingdom. Biography Antiochus took the throne after the death of his father ...

(died 64 BC), one of the last rulers of the Seleucid Empire * Antiochus, the infant son of

* Antiochus, first son of

Seleucus IV Philopator Seleucus IV Philopator ( Greek: Σέλευκος Φιλοπάτωρ, ''Séleukos philopátо̄r'', meaning "Seleucus the father-loving"; 218 – 3 September 175 BC), ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a ...

Commagene

Antiochus I of Commagene Antiochus I Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philorhomaios Philhellen (, meaning "Antiochos, the just, eminent god, friend of Romans and friend of Greeks", ) was king of the Greco-Iranian kingdom of Commagene and the most famous king of that kingdom. Th ...

(died 38 BC), reigned 70–38 BC *

Antiochus II of Commagene Antiochus II (, flourished 1st century BC) was a man of Iranian and Greek descent. Antiochus II was a prince from the Kingdom of Commagene and the second son of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene. He was the youngest brother of prince and future ...

(died 29 BC) *

Antiochus III of Commagene Antiochus III Epiphanes (, flourished 1st century BC and 1st century AD) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Commagene from 12 BC to 17 AD. He was the son and successor of King Mithridates III of Commagene and Iotapa, and of mixed Iranian, Armeni ...

(died 17 AD), reigned 12 BC – 17 AD *

Antiochus IV of Commagene Gaius Julius Antiochus IV Epiphanes (, before 17 AD – after 72 AD), the last king of Commagene, reigned between 38 and 72 as a client king to the Roman Empire. The epithet "Epiphanes" means "the Glorious". Life Antiochus was born a prince ...

, reigned 38–72

Princes of Commagene

Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes, also known as Julius Archelaus Epiphanes; Epiphanes; Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes or simply known as Gaius (Greek: Γάιος Ἰούλιος Ἀρχέλαος Ἀντίοχος Ἐπιφανής, 38 ...

(38–92 AD) * Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes

Philopappos Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappos or Philopappus (; 65 – 116), was a Prince of the Kingdom of Commagene who lived in the Roman Empire during the 1st century and 2nd century. He was one of the most prominent Greeks in the Empire. A ...

(65–116)

Others

Antiochus (mythology) In Greek mythology, the name Antiochus ( derived from ''αντι ''anti "against, compared to, like" and ''οχη ''oche "support") may refer to: *Antiochus, son of Heracles and Meda. Both his maternal grandfather and his own son bore the name ...

, name of five figures in Greek mythology *

Antiochus of Alexandria Antiochus () of Alexandria was a writer of ancient Greece who wrote a work on the Greek poets of the middle Attic comedy, called "On the Poets Satirized in Middle Comedy" (Περὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ μέσῃ κωμῳδίᾳ κωμῳδουμ� ...

, writer on Greek comedy * Antiochus, an epigrammatic poet, one of whose epigrams is extant in the ''

Greek Anthology The ''Greek Anthology'' () is a collection of poems, mostly epigrams, that span the Classical Greece, Classical and Byzantine periods of Greek literature. Most of the material of the ''Greek Anthology'' comes from two manuscripts, the ''Palatine ...

'' *

Antiochus of Laodicea Antiochus (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίοχος) is a Greek male personal name, likely meaning "resolute in contention", or "unwavering". It is derived from the two words αντί ("against") and ὄχη ("support"). It was a dynastic name for rulers of ...

, a sceptic philosopher, and a disciple of Zeuxis; see

Laodicea on the Lycus Laodicea on the Lycus ( ''Laodikeia pros tou Lykou''; , also transliterated as ''Laodiceia'' or ''Laodikeia'') ( or archaically as ) was a rich ancient Greek city in Asia Minor, now Turkey, on the river Lycus (Çürüksu). It was located in the ...

* Antiochus (sculptor), a sculptor of ancient Greece from Athens *

Antiochus of Syracuse Antiochus of Syracuse () was a Greek historian of Magna Graecia, who flourished around 420 BC. Little is known of Antiochus' life, but his works, of which only fragments remain, enjoyed a high reputation because of their accuracy. He wrote a ''Hist ...

(c. 423 BC), Greek historian *

Antiochus (admiral) Antiochus () of Athens was a commander of ancient Greece during the Peloponnesian War who was left by the Athenian commander Alcibiades at Notium in command of the Athenian fleet in 407 BCE, with strict injunctions not to engage the Spartan comma ...

, Athenian admiral of Alcibiades (407 BC) * Antiochus of Arcadia, Greek envoy to Persia (4th century BC) * Antiochus of Antioch, villainous king in

Apollonius of Tyre Apollonius of Tyre is the hero of a short ancient novel, popular in the Middle Ages. Existing in numerous forms in many languages, all are thought to derive from an ancient Greek version now lost. Plot summary In most versions, the eponymous ...

legend * Antiochus, villainous king in Shakespeare's ''

Pericles, Prince of Tyre ''Pericles, Prince of Tyre'' is a Jacobean play written at least in part by William Shakespeare and included in modern editions of his collected works despite questions over its authorship, as it was not included in the First Folio. It was p ...

'' *

Antiochus of Ascalon Antiochus of Ascalon (; ; ) was a 1st-century BC Platonist philosopher. He rejected skepticism, blended Stoic doctrines with Platonism, and was the first philosopher in the tradition of Middle Platonism. Antiochus moved to Athens early in his li ...

(c. 130–68 BC), philosopher, member of Plato's Academy * Antiochus of Sulcis (died 110), Christian martyr from Sardinia * Antiochus of Athens (c. 100 CE), philosopher and astrologer *

Antiochus Philometor Antiochus Philometor () is supposed by some persons to have been a physician, or druggist, who must have lived in or before the second century AD. He is the inventor of an antidote against poisonous reptiles, of which the prescription is embodied in ...

(c. 2nd century CE), ancient physician *

Antiochus (physician) Antiochus () was a physician of ancient Greece who appears to have lived at Rome in the 2nd century AD. The ancient physician Galen gives a precise account of the food he used to eat and the way in which he lived, and tells us that by paying attenti ...

(c. 2nd century CE), ancient physician, different from above *

Publius Anteius Antiochus Publius Anteius Antiochus, or Antiochus of Aegae (), was a sophist—or, as he claimed to be, a Cynicism (philosophy), Cynic philosopher—of ancient Rome, from the Cilician port city of Aegeae (modern Yumurtalık). He lived around the 2nd century A ...

(c. 200 CE), otherwise known as Antiochus of Aegae, a sophist or Cynic philosopher *

Septimius Antiochus Septimius Antiochus (Greek: Άντίοχος; died after 273) was a Roman usurper in Syria during the 3rd century. In 272 AD, Emperor Aurelian had defeated the breakaway Kingdom of Palmyra; its king, Vaballathus, and his mother, Zenobia, were in ...

(died 273), last Palmyrene Emperor (273) *

Antiochus (praepositus sacri cubiculi) Antiochus or Antiochos (, ) was a eunuch courtier and imperial official of the Byzantine Empire. He educated emperor Theodosius II during his minority and then acted as the emperor's chief chamberlain until 421. According to the Byzantine chronicle ...

, Byzantine courtier and imperial tutor * Antiochus bishop of Ptolemais, 5th century bishop *

Antiochus Chuzon Antiochus Chuzon (Greek: Άντίοχος; ''floruit'' 429–438), called "the Elder" to distinguish him from his nephew, was a high official of the Eastern Roman Empire, praetorian prefect of the East and consul, who was a key figure in the compila ...

, 5th-century politician of the Byzantine Empire * Antiochus of Palestine, 7th-century monk * Antiochos (strategos of Sicily), Byzantine governor of Sicily

Fictional

* Antiochus 'Tony' Wilson, protagonist of ''

Seconds (1966 film) ''Seconds'' is a 1966 American science fiction psychological horror film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Rock Hudson, Salome Jens, John Randolph, and Will Geer. The film tells the story of a middle-aged New York banker who, disillu ...

'' * Antiochus, the leader of a fictional religious sect found in the ''

Deathconsciousness ''Deathconsciousness'' is the debut studio album by American rock duo Have a Nice Life, released on January 24, 2008, on Enemies List Home Recordings. Recorded independently by the band members on a budget of less than $1,000, ''Deathconsciousnes ...

'' booklet.

References