''Metula '' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Colubrariidae Colubrariidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. Bouchet, P. (2010). Colubrariidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accesse ...

.Bouchet, P. (2010). Metula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225377 on 1 April 2011

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the

Paleocene The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), ...

to the

Quaternary The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), as well as the current and most recent of the twelve periods of the ...

(age range: from 61.7 to 0.781 million years ago).Fossilworks
/ref>

Species

Species in the genus ''Metula '' include: * ''

Metula aegrota ''Metula aegrota'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Colubrariidae. Description Distribution This species occurs along Singapore. References

* Kilburn R.N. (2004) ''The identities of ...

'' (Reeve, 1845) * '' Metula africana'' Bouchet, 1988 * '' Metula agaoensis'' S.-I Huang & M.-H. Lin, 2019 * ''

Metula amosi Metula () is a local council (Israel), town in the Northern District (Israel), Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the Heb ...

'' Vanatta, 1913 * '' Metula andamanica'' Smith, 1906 * '' Metula angioyorum'' Parth, 1992 * '' Metula bozzettii'' Parth, 1990 * ''

Metula crosnieri Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. ...

'' Bouchet, 1988 * '' Metula cumingi'' A. Adams, 1853 * ''

Metula daphnelloides Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. ...

'' Melville & Standen, 1903 * '' Metula ellena'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972 * '' Metula elongata'' Dall, 1907 * ''

Metula etelvinae Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. ...

'' Bozzetti, 2001 * ''

Metula eureka Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. ...

'' S.-I Huang & M.-H. Lin, 2019 * ''

Metula frausseni Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. ...

'' Bozzetti, 1995 * ''

Metula gigliottii ''Metula gigliottii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Colubrariidae Colubrariidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. Bouchet, P. (20 ...

'' Coltro, 2005 * ''

Metula inflata Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon ...

'' (Houbrick, 1984) * ''

Metula kilburni Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. ...

'' Parth, 1994 * ''

Metula knudseni Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. ...

'' Kilburn, 1975 * ''

Metula lintea Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. ...

'' Guppy, 1882 * '' Metula metula'' (Hinds, 1844) * '' Metula metulina'' (Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971) * '' Metula minor'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972 * ''

Metula mitrella Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. ...

'' (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) * '' Metula mozambicana'' S.-I Huang & M.-H. Lin, 2019 * '' Metula olssoni'' Woodring, 1928 * '' Metula optima'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972 * '' Metula parthi'' Bondarev, 1997 * '' Metula reticularis'' Traub, 1938 * '' Metula sulcata'' S.-Q. Zhang, J.-L. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2016 * '' Metula thachi'' Fraussen & S.-I. Huang, 2011 * '' Metula tumida'' Xiutong & Suping, 2000 ; Species brought into synonymy: * ''Metula agassizi'' ''Clench & Aguayo, 1941'': synonym of '' Bartschia agassizi'' (Clench & Aguayo, 1941) (original combination) * ''Metula anfractura'' Matthews & Rios, 1968: synonym of '' Bartschia agassizi'' (Clench & Aguayo, 1941) * ''Metula boswellae'' Kilburn, 1975: synonym of ''

Kanamarua boswellae ''Kanamarua'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Colubrariidae. Species Species within the genus ''Kanamarua'' include: * ''Kanamarua adonis'' (Dall, 1919) * ''Kanamarua aikeni'' Fraussen & D. Monsecour, 2019 * '' ...

'' (Kilburn, 1975) (original combination) * ''Metula canetae'' (Clench & Aguayo, 1944): synonym of ''

Gaillea canetae ''Gaillea canetae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Eosiphonidae The Eosiphonidae are a taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelk Whelks are any of several carnivorous sea snail spec ...

'' (Clench & Aguayo, 1944) * ''Metula chetyzecchiae'' Bozzetti, 1992: synonym of ''Metula metulina'' (Kuroda & Habe, 1971) * ''Metula clathrata'' (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of ''Metula knudseni'' Kilburn, 1975 (based on junior primary homonym) * ''Metula clathrata'' Knudsen, 1956: synonym of ''Metula africana'' Bouchet, 1988 (secondary homonym of M. clathrata (Adams & Reeve, 1850)) * ''Metula fusiformis'' Clench & Aguayo, 1941: synonym of '' Manaria fusiformis'' (Clench & Aguayo, 1941) (original combination) * ''Metula guppyi'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972: synonym of '' Bartschia guppyi'' (Olsson & Bayer, 1972) (original combination) * ''Metula hindsii'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858: synonym of ''Metula metula'' (Hinds, 1844) (unnecessary substitute name for ''Buccinum metula'', established to avoid tautonymy) * ''Metula rehderi'' (Kilburn, 1977): synonym of ''

Kanamarua hyatinthus ''Kanamarua'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Colubrariidae. Species Species within the genus ''Kanamarua'' include: * ''Kanamarua adonis'' (Dall, 1919) * ''Kanamarua aikeni'' Fraussen & D. Mo ...

'' Shikama, 1973 * ''Metula significans'' (Rehder, 1943) : synonym of '' Bartschia significans'' Rehder, 1943 * ''Metula somalica'' Bozzetti, 1993: synonym of '' Kanamarua somalica'' (Bozzetti, 1993) (original combination) * ''Metula vicdani'' Kosuge, 1989: synonym of ''

'' Shikama, 1973

References

* Beu A.G. & Maxwell P.A. (1987) ''A revision of the fossil and living gastropods related to Plesiotriton Fischer, 1884 (Family Cancellariidae, Subfamily Plesiotritoninae n. subfam.). With an appendix: Genera of Buccinidae Pisaniinae related to Colubraria Schumacher, 1817''. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin 54:1-140 * Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. pp 196–219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. * Kilburn R.N. (2004) ''The identities of Otitoma and Antimitra (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conidae and Buccinidae)''. African Invertebrates 45: 263–270. NIZT 682 page(s): 269 {{Taxonbar, from=Q6825522 Gastropod genera Colubrariidae