Anti-revisionism is a position within

Marxism–Leninism Marxism–Leninism is a List of communist ideologies, communist ideology which was the main communist movement throughout the 20th century. Developed by the Bolsheviks, it was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, its Soviet satellite state ...

which emerged in the 1950s in opposition to the

reforms Reform ( lat, reformo) means the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc. The use of the word in this way emerges in the late 18th century and is believed to originate from Christopher Wyvill's Association movement ...

Soviet leader During its 69-year history, the Soviet Union usually had a ''de facto'' leader who would not necessarily be head of state but would lead while holding an office such as premier or general secretary. Under the 1977 Constitution, the chairman ...

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev ...

. Where Khrushchev pursued an interpretation that differed from his predecessor

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

, the anti-revisionists within the international communist movement remained dedicated to Stalin's ideological legacy and criticized the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

under Khrushchev and his successors as state capitalist and social imperialist. The term

Stalinism Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the the ...

is also used to describe these positions, but it is often not used by its supporters who opine that Stalin simply synthesized and practiced

orthodox Marxism Orthodox Marxism is the body of Marxist thought that emerged after the death of Karl Marx (1818–1883) and which became the official philosophy of the majority of the socialist movement as represented in the Second International until the Fi ...

and

Leninism Leninism is a political ideology developed by Russian Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party as the political prelude to the establishme ...

. Because different political trends trace the historical roots of revisionism to different eras and leaders, there is significant disagreement today as to what constitutes anti-revisionism. As a result, modern groups which describe themselves as anti-revisionist fall into several categories. Some uphold the works of Stalin and

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; also Romanization of Chinese, romanised traditionally as Mao Tse-tung. (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the List of national founde ...

and some the works of Stalin while rejecting Mao and universally tend to oppose

Trotskyism Trotskyism is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Ukrainian-Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky and some other members of the Left Opposition and Fourth International. Trotsky self-identified as an orthodox Marxist, a ...

. Others reject both Stalin and Mao, tracing their ideological roots back to

Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...

Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ,"Engels"
'' Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...

. In addition, other groups uphold various less-well-known historical leaders such as

Enver Hoxha Enver Halil Hoxha ( , ; 16 October 190811 April 1985) was an Albanian communist politician who was the authoritarian ruler of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985. He was First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania from 1941 unt ...

, who also broke with Mao during the

Sino-Albanian split The Sino-Albanian split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Socialist Republic of Albania and the People's Republic of China in the period 1972–1978. Both countries had supported each other in the Soviet–Albanian and ...

Overview

is a politico-economic theory developed by

in the 1920s. According to its proponents, it is a synthesis of the theories of

while critics term it

. It was Stalin who succinctly defined that "Leninism is the Marxism of the era of imperialism and the proletarian revolution" in his famous pamphlet titled ''

Foundations of Leninism ''Foundations of Leninism'' is a 1924 collection by Joseph Stalin of nine lectures he delivered at Sverdlov University that year. It was published by the Soviet newspaper, ''Pravda''. Background After the January 1924 death of Vladimir Lenin, ...

'', and this tenet forms the basis of Marxism–Leninism. It builds on Marx's theory that

capitalism Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, private ...

divides society into two classes, namely the bourgeoisie or property-owning class and the

proletariat The proletariat (; ) is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian. Marxist philo ...

or labouring class. It claims that within the international proletariat emerges a section of

labour aristocracy Labor aristocracy or labour aristocracy (also aristocracy of labor) has at least four meanings: (1) as a term with Marxist theoretical underpinnings; (2) as a specific type of trade unionism; (3) as a shorthand description by revolutionary indu ...

from the powerful

imperialist Imperialism is the state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of other areas, often through employing hard power (economic and ...

nations, which is granted some economic and political power over the superexploited proletariat of the

colonial Colonial or The Colonial may refer to: * Colonial, of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colony (biology) Architecture * American colonial architecture * French Colonial * Spanish Colonial architecture Automobiles * Colonial (1920 a ...

and neo-colonial countries. Marxists–Leninists advocate the most

class conscious In Marxism, class consciousness is the set of beliefs that a person holds regarding their social class or economic rank in society, the structure of their class, and their class interests. According to Karl Marx, it is an awareness that is key to ...

members of the proletariat form vanguard parties based around the principle of

democratic centralism Democratic centralism is a practice in which political decisions reached by voting processes are binding upon all members of the political party. It is mainly associated with Leninism, wherein the party's political vanguard of professional revol ...

which will lead revolutionary movements towards the creation of single-party states which will gradually progress to

socialism Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the ...

and finally global

communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society ...

. Anti-revisionism is a position within Marxism–Leninism based on its interpretation by Stalin, who supported the dictatorship of the proletariat, drastic and fast-paced economic transformation in the short-term, and violent confrontation with capitalist powers. The emergence of the Khrushchevist interpretation lead to a reaction from pro-Stalin Marxist–Leninists, who formed the anti-revisionist movement and opposed Khruscevists de-Stalinization policies. Anti-revisionists rejected the

's leadership of the Marxist–Leninist movement, believing it had become state capitalist and social imperialist. Despite this, the lines between the two camps in Marxism–Leninism were often blurry. The

Korean Workers' Party The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) is the founding and sole ruling party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, commonly known as North Korea. Founded in 1949 from the merger of the Workers' Party of North Korea and the Workers' Party of ...

was pro-Soviet, but it also defended Stalin's legacy and was engaged in violent struggle against the capitalist

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and sharing a Korean Demilitarized Zone, land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed ...

and its American backers. Due to this, the global anti-revisionist movement tended to support it despite its ideological departure from Marxism–Leninism. The

Communist Party of Cuba The Communist Party of Cuba ( es, Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC) is the sole ruling party of Cuba. It was founded on 3 October 1965 as the successor to the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution, which was in turn made up of the 26th ...

and the

Communist Party of Vietnam The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), also known as the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP), is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of Nor ...

also received critical support from many anti-revisionists despite being pro-Soviet due to their violent struggles against the United States. The Cuban communists also provided material support to the American anti-revisionist

Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a Marxist-Leninist and black power political organization founded by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in October 1966 in Oakland, Cali ...

. The

Chinese Communist Party The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Ci ...

is officially anti-revisionist. However, most anti-revisionists followed the example of the Albanian Labour Party in denouncing it as revisionist following the beginning of market-based and pro-American reforms in late 1970s. The term " Dengism" is often used to describe this perceived revisionist tendency in Marxism–Leninism despite official claims that it is an adaptation of Marxism–Leninism to contemporary Chinese material conditions rather than a revision. Despite agreeing that he had a revisionist turn later in his life, most contemporary anti-revisionists hold particular interest in the theories of Chinese leader

, who claimed that socialist movements in the neo-colonial world could temporarily ally with the

nationalist Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...

movements of the local

petite bourgeoisie ''Petite bourgeoisie'' (, literally 'small bourgeoisie'; also anglicised as petty bourgeoisie) is a French term that refers to a social class composed of semi-autonomous peasants and small-scale merchants whose politico-economic ideologica ...

and that the implementation of a

mass line The mass line is the political, organizational and leadership method developed by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Chinese Communist Revolution. It refers to formulating policy based on theory, implementing it based pe ...

policy will prevent a vanguard from becoming revisionist. Others believe in a separate ideology known as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism which views the early theories of Mao as a higher stage of Leninist ideology, just like

is considered by its proponents to be a higher stage of

Marxism Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialec ...

. Among both anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninists with a tendency towards Mao's theories and Marxist–Leninist–Maoists, there exists a Maoist Third Worldist tendency which claims the labour aristocracy has no immediate revolutionary potential and may also claim it experiences no exploitation at all.

History

Self-proclaimed anti-revisionists firmly oppose the reforms initiated in

Marxist–Leninist countries A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Com ...

by leaders like

in the Soviet Union and

Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary leader, military commander and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989. Aft ...

in China. They generally refer to such reforms and states as state capitalist and social imperialist. They also reject

and its

permanent revolution Permanent revolution is the strategy of a revolutionary class pursuing its own interests independently and without compromise or alliance with opposing sections of society. As a term within Marxist theory, it was first coined by Karl Marx and ...

as hypocritical by arguing that

Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian M ...

had at one time thought it acceptable that socialism could work in a single country as long as that country was

industrialized Industrialisation ( alternatively spelled industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organisation of an econo ...

, but that Trotsky had considered Russia too backward to achieve such industrialization which is what it later in fact did achieve, mostly through his archenemy

five-year plans Five-year plan may refer to: Nation plans *Five-year plans of the Soviet Union, a series of nationwide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union *Five-Year Plans of Argentina *Five-Year Plans of Bhutan, a series of national economic developm ...

. In their own right, anti-revisionists also acknowledge that the

contained a

new class New class is used as a polemic term by critics of countries that followed the Soviet-type Communism to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist party functionaries which arose in these states. Generally, the group know ...

or red bourgeoisie, but they generally place the blame for the formation of that class on Khrushchev and his successors and not on Stalin. In anti-revisionist circles, there is very little talk of

class conflict Class conflict, also referred to as class struggle and class warfare, is the political tension and economic antagonism that exists in society because of socio-economic competition among the social classes or between rich and poor. The forms ...

in the Soviet Union before 1956, except when talking about specific contexts such as the

Russian Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Russian Civil War , partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I , image = , caption = Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist, *Soldiers ...

(when some agents of the former feudal ruling class tried to retake state power from the

Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

) and

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

(fought principally between

communists Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a ...

and

fascists Fascism is a far-right, Authoritarianism, authoritarian, ultranationalism, ultra-nationalist political Political ideology, ideology and Political movement, movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and pol ...

, representing the interests of the

and the bourgeoisie, respectively). During the

Sino-Soviet split The Sino-Soviet split was the breaking of political relations between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union caused by doctrinal divergences that arose from their different interpretations and practical applications of Marxism–Le ...

, the governments of the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, sli ...

under

and the

People's Republic of Albania The People's Socialist Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë, links=no) was the Marxist–Leninist one party state that existed in Albania from 1946 to 1992 (the official name of the country was the People's R ...

under

proclaimed themselves to be taking an anti-revisionist line and denounced Khrushchev's policies in the Soviet Union. In the United States, those who supported China or Albania at the time were expelled from the

Communist Party USA The Communist Party USA, officially the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), is a communist party in the United States which was established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America following the Russian Revo ...

under orders from Moscow and formed the

Progressive Labor Movement The Progressive Labor Party (PLP) is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party in the United States. It was established in January 1962 as the Progressive Labor Movement following a split in the Communist Party USA, adopting its new ...

and other

new communist movement The New Communist movement (NCM) was a diverse left-wing political movement principally within the United States, during the 1970s and 1980s. The NCM were a movement of the New Left that represented a diverse grouping of Marxist–Leninists and ...

parties in 1961. A short time later, anti-revisionist groups were further divided by the

, with those following Albania being loosely described as

Hoxhaist Hoxhaism () is a variant of anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism that developed in the late 1970s due to a split in the anti-revisionist movement, appearing after the ideological dispute between the Chinese Communist Party and the Party of Labou ...

. On the whole, the original 1960s-era anti-revisionists tended to take a careful, selective approach to the

Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution ( es, Revolución Cubana) was carried out after the 1952 Cuban coup d'état which placed Fulgencio Batista as head of state and the failed mass strike in opposition that followed. After failing to contest Batista in cour ...

and the way it soon aligned itself with Soviet ideas and practice, criticizing the latter action while simultaneously acknowledging some aspects of Cuban self-described socialism as genuinely revolutionary—in particular the writing and thinking of

Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara (; 14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on /upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ernesto_Guevara_Acta_de_Nacimiento.jpg his birth certificatewas 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quot ...

. Anti-revisionists also took a hopeful approach towards the Vietnamese communists, expressing confidence that they too were genuinely revolutionary-communist in their aspirations and supported their struggle against the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five ma ...

in the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...

—a side which got a lot of support from the Soviet Union, anti-revisionists' state capitalist enemy. Several present-day

communist parties A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the Socioeconomics, socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Communist Manifesto, The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' ( ...

worldwide still see themselves as explicitly anti-revisionist, but not every such party adhering to elements of anti-revisionism necessarily adopts the label anti-revisionist. Many such organizations may call themselves

Maoist Maoism, officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of Ch ...

, Marxist–Leninist, or simply

revolutionary communist Revolutionary socialism is a political philosophy, doctrine, and tradition within socialism that stresses the idea that a social revolution is necessary to bring about structural changes in society. More specifically, it is the view that revoluti ...

. The

Workers' Party of Korea The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) is the founding and sole ruling party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, commonly known as North Korea. Founded in 1949 from the merger of the Workers' Party of North Korea and the Workers' Party of ...

still claims an anti-revisionist political line, but the communist movement as a whole and anti-revisionists from the Maoist and Hoxhaist camps in particular tend to insist

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and ...

is a revisionist state. However, many if not most Hoxhaists and Maoists are critically supportive of North Korea on grounds of

anti-imperialism Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is a term used in a variety of contexts, usually by nationalist movements who want to secede from a larger polity (usually in the form of an empire, but also in a multi-ethnic so ...

. Anti-revisionists aligned with Hoxha and the line of the

Party of Labour of Albania The Party of Labour of Albania ( sq, Partia e Punës e Shqipërisë, PPSh), sometimes referred to as the Albanian Workers' Party (AWP), was the ruling and sole legal party of Albania during the communist period (1945–1991). It was founded o ...

argue that Mao Zedong Thought is itself a form of revisionism. Hoxhaists insist that Mao's Three Worlds Theory contradicted

and existed only to justify his alliance with the United States that began in the early 1970s and his meeting with President

Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was t ...

during the

that Hoxha and the Hoxhaists opposed. Hoxhaists also argue that the theory of

New Democracy New Democracy, or the New Democratic Revolution, is a concept based on Mao Zedong's Bloc of Four Social Classes theory in post-revolutionary China which argued originally that democracy in China would take a path that was decisively distinct ...

and

people's war People's war ( Chinese: 人民战争), also called protracted people's war, is a Maoist military strategy. First developed by the Chinese communist revolutionary leader Mao Zedong (1893–1976), the basic concept behind people's war is to main ...

were revisionist and anti-scientific. The Hoxhaist camp came into existence during the Sino-Albanian split.

Active anti-revisionist groups

* Afghanistan **

Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan The Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan ( fa, حزب كمونيست (مائوئيست) افغانستان, ''Hezb-e Komunist (Ma'uist) Afghanistan''), previously known as the Communist Party of Afghanistan, is an underground communist party ...

* Albania ** Communist Party of Albania * Argentina ** Revolutionary Communist Party of Argentina * Australia ** Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist) * Benin ** Communist Party of Benin * Bhutan **

Communist Party of Bhutan (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) The Communist Party of Bhutan (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) (abbr. CPB (MLM)) is an underground communist party in Bhutan. The CPB (MLM) aims to start a New Democratic Revolution and overthrow the Bhutanese monarchy and the House of Wangchuck. ...

* Brazil ** Revolutionary Communist Party * Burkina Faso **

Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party (french: Parti communiste révolutionnaire voltaïque, PCRV) is a communist party in Burkina Faso. It was founded on 1 October 1978, following a split in the Voltaic Communist Organization (OCV). The PCRV ...

* Burma **

Communist Party of Burma The Communist Party of Burma (CPB), also known as the Burma Communist Party (BCP), is a clandestine communist party in Myanmar (Burma). It is the oldest existing political party in the country. Founded in 1939, the CPB initially fought ag ...

* Canada ** Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) **

Parti marxiste–léniniste du Québec Parti may refer to: *Parti (surname), a Hungarian surname, and a list of people with the name * ''Parti'' (architecture), the organizing concepts behind an architect's design * *, a lake in Russia See also *Partie (disambiguation) *Party (disambi ...

* Chile **

Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action) Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action) ( es, Partido Comunista Chileno (Acción Proletaria), ) is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party in Chile, founded in 1979 and originating from the pro-Albanian tradition. It has pres ...

* China **

Maoist Communist Party of China The Maoist Communist Party of China (MCPC) is an underground communist party in China adhering to Marxism–Leninism–Maoism. The MCPC was established in 2008 as a reaction to the economic reforms initiated by the ruling Communist Party ...

* Colombia **

Communist Party of Colombia (Marxist–Leninist) Communist Party of Colombia (Marxist–Leninist) ( es, Partido Comunista de Colombia (Marxista-leninista), ''PC de C (M-L)''), is a Colombian anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party that splintered from the main Colombian Communist ...

* Côte d'Ivoire **

Revolutionary Communist Party of Côte d'Ivoire The Revolutionary Communist Party of Ivory Coast (french: Parti Communiste Révolutionnaire de Côte d'Ivoire, PCRCI) is a communist party in Ivory Coast. It has been led by Achy Ekissi since 1990. Its youth wing is the Communist Youth of Ivor ...

* Denmark ** Workers' Communist Party * Dominican Republic ** Communist Party of Labour * Ecuador **

Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador The Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador ( es, Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista del Ecuador) is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party in Ecuador, founded August 1, 1964, following a split from the Communist Part ...

* France **

Workers' Communist Party of France The Workers' Communist Party of France (french: Parti communiste des ouvriers de France, PCOF) is a political party of France. The party publishes the monthly newspaper ''La Forge'' and is an active participant in the International Conference o ...

** Communist Revolutionary Party of France * Georgia ** New Communist Party of Georgia * Germany ** Organization for the Construction of a Communist Workers' Party of Germany (Arbeit Zukunft) **

Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany The Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany (german: Marxistisch–Leninistische Partei Deutschlands, MLPD) is a communist political party in Germany. It was founded in 1982 by members of the Communist Workers Union of Germany (; KABD) and is one o ...

* Greece **

Movement for the Reorganization of the Communist Party of Greece 1918–1955 The Movement for the Reorganization of the Communist Party of Greece 1918–1955 ( el, Κίνηση για την Ανασύνταξη του ΚΚΕ 1918–1955), is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party in Greece. It is bett ...

Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Greece The Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Greece ( el, Μαρξιστικό-Λενινιστικό Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, ''Marxistiko-Leninistiko Kommounistiko Komma Elladas''), better known by its acronym M-L KKE ( ...

** Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist) * India ** Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) **

Communist Party of India (Maoist) The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist banned communist political party and militant organization in India which aims to overthrow the "semi-colonial and semi-feudal Indian state" through protracted people's ...

Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) The Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) or SUCI(C), previously called the Socialist Unity Centre of India and "Socialist Unity Centre", is an anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist communist party in India. The party was founded by Shibd ...

* Iran ** Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas ** Labour Party of Iran * Italy * Mexico **

Communist Party of Mexico (Marxist–Leninist) Communist Party of Mexico (Marxist–Leninist) ( es, Partido Comunista de México (Marxista-Leninista)), is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party in Mexico which upholds the line of Joseph Stalin and Enver Hoxha. The party i ...

* Nepal **

Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) The Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre), abbreviated UCPN (Maoist), (Nepali: एकीकृत नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)), was a political party in Nepal. It was founded ...

* Norway **

Serve the People (Norway) Serve the People – Communist League ( no, Tjen Folket – Kommunistisk Forbund) is a Norwegian communist organization formed in 1998 by expelled members of the Workers' Communist Party.Astrid Meland (24 April 2008)Stalin var en stor teoretik ...

* Pakistan ** Communist Mazdoor Kissan Party * Philippines **

Communist Party of the Philippines The Communist Party of the Philippines ( fil, Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas) is a far-left, Marxist-Leninist-Maoist revolutionary organization and communist party in the Philippines, formed by Jose Maria Sison on 26 December 1968. It is des ...

* Russia ** VKPB **

Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2001) The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (russian: Коммунистическая Партия Советского Союза, Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza; short: КПСС, KPSS) is an organization which split from the Union ...

***

Russian Communist Workers' Party The Russian Communist Workers' Party (in Russian: Российская Коммунистическая Рабочая Партия; transcription: ''Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya'' or ''RKRP'') was a communist party in Russi ...

Communists of Russia The Communist Party "Communists of Russia" (CPCR; russian: Коммунистическая партия «Коммунисты России»; КПКР; ''Kommunisticheskaya partiya «Kommunisty Rossii»'', ''KPKR'') or simply Communists of Russi ...

** Russian Maoist Party * Spain **

Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) The Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) ( es, Partido Comunista de España (marxista-leninista)) is an anti-revisionist Anti-revisionism is a position within Marxism–Leninism which emerged in the 1950s in opposition to the refor ...

* Syria ** Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash) * Tunisia **

Tunisian Workers' Communist Party The Workers' Party ( ar, حزب العمال, Ḥizb al-'Ummāl; french: Parti des travailleurs) is a communist party in Tunisia. Legalized only in 2011, it participates in the Popular Front coalition, which is represented in the Assembly of t ...

* Turkey ** Marxist–Leninist Communist Party ** Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist ** Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey (TDKP) * United Kingdom ** Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) ** Stalin Society ** Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) **

New Communist Party of Britain The New Communist Party of Britain is an Anti-revisionism, anti-revisionist Marxism-Leninism, Marxist-Leninist communist party in Great Britain, Britain. The origins of the NCP lie in the Communist Party of Great Britain from which it split in ...

* United States ** American Party of Labor ** Freedom Road Socialist Organization ** Progressive Labor Party ** Workers Party, USA * Venezuela ** Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela

Historical anti-revisionist groups

Communist Party of China The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil ...

under

's leadership *

* Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks) * Communist Party of Germany/Marxist-Leninists *

Communist Party of Germany (Roter Morgen) The Communist Party of Germany (Red Dawn) (german: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands - Roter Morgen) was a minor communist political party in Germany. It was founded in December 1985 in Hamburg by members of the Communist Party of Germany/Marxi ...

* Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)

References

External links

Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line
by the

Marxists Internet Archive Marxists Internet Archive (also known as MIA or Marxists.org) is a non-profit online encyclopedia that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of communist, anarchist, and socialist writers, such as Karl Marx, Friedrich En ...

Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union
by the Stalin Society
List of Anti-Revisionist Parties/Groups
by the International Organizations and Conferences of Leftist Parties
Stand for Socialism Against Modern Revisionism
by the Philippine Revolution {{Marxist and communist phraseology Hoxhaism Maoism Marxism Marxism–Leninism Stalinism