Anthypolochagos

Anthypolochagos (, abbreviated Ανθλγός (Anthglos), equivalent to the NATO (OF-1), is the lowest commissioned officer rank in the Hellenic Army, except for the Armour-Cavalry Arm, and formerly, the Cavalry, in which it is called Anthypilarchos (, abbrev. Ανθλχος (Anthlchos).

The equivalent rank is ''Simaiophoros'' (Ensign) in the Hellenic Navy, ''Anthyposminagos'' (Pilot Officer) in the Hellenic Air Force, and ''Ipastynomos'' (Inspector) in the Hellenic Police. The rank of ''anthypolochagos'' is also used in the Cypriot National Guard.

Etymology

The word ανθυπολοχαγός is derived from the Greek words αντί, ύπο and λοχαγός. The preposition αντί, with the genitive or accusative case in noun phrases, or with the particle να in verb phrases, signifies "instead of". The preposition ύπο means "under" while the λοχαγός means "''lochos'' leader", i.e. a captain, thus υπολοχαγός means "under-captain" — which can be compared to Captain lieutenant, and ανθυπολοχαγός means "replacement under-captain", compare sub-lieutenant.

Similarly, the term for cavalry captain, , is derived from the Modern Greek word for a cavalry troop, , later applied to armoured units after the conversion to Armoured cavalry. The ancestral could mean a "band of men" or "cavalry troop", according to Arrian, properly numbering sixty-four men, especially when applied to the territorial squadrons of the Companion cavalry of the Ancient Macedonian army of Philip II. The Modern Greek word for a cavalry, armoured, or aerial squadron is moira, which also applies to Special forces, airborne and artillery battalions. The officer ranks subordinate to ''ilarchos'' derive their names in a similar process those subordinate to ''ypolochagos''.

Criteria for award of rank

Anthipolochagos or its equivalent is the lowest and highest rank, respectively, that can be obtained by graduates of the Hellenic Military Academy and the Corps Non-Commissioned Officers Academy, after four years of schooling for the former, and seventeen years later for the latter, at which time graduates are promoted ''anthipolochagos'' or ''anthipilarchos'', depending on the rank borne by the arm in which they have been serving. Likewise, reserve officers are called ''anthipolochagi'', as graduates of the Reserve Officers Academy, after a training period of four months duration, after which time they have been sufficiently educated in the tactics and leadership of their branches. During their probationary period, they are called Reserve Candidate Officers () and take the rank of Reserve Second Lieutenant () one-and-a-half months after their leaving the academy.

Comparison to ranks in other armies

In Anglophone armies the rank is generally called Second lieutenant except in naval usage, where ensign or sub-lieutenant are used, and in a few cases where the archaic infantry rank of ensign is retained for historic reasons, viz. Canadian household regiments. In former times, the English-language equivalent rank to the cavalry ''anthipilarchos'' would have been cornet, which is still used as an internal form of address for a second lieutenant in the Household Cavalry and Queen's Royal Hussars.

Rank insignia

File:Army-GRE-OF-01b.svg, Current rank insignia of a Hellenic Army ''Anthypolochagos''
File:Anthipoloxagos Kypros.png, Current rank insignia of a Cypriot National Guard ''Anthypolochagos''

See also

*Ranks and insignia of NATO armies officers
* Ypotagmatarchis

References

{{Greece officer ranks

Hellenic Army officers
Military of Cyprus
Military ranks of Greece