Anthony Standen (spy)
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Sir Anthony or Antony Standen (b. c. 1548 – d. ?), alias Pompeo Pellegrini, English spy or intelligencer, English Catholic exile. He was recruited by
Sir Francis Walsingham Sir Francis Walsingham ( – 6 April 1590) was principal secretary to Queen Elizabeth I of England from 20 December 1573 until his death and is popularly remembered as her " spymaster". Born to a well-connected family of gentry, Wa ...
and provided critical information about Philip II's preparations of the Spanish Armada.


Two brothers at the Scottish court

Standen was a "goodly tall fair man with flaxen hair and beard". According to his own accounts, in 1565 Standen came to Scotland at the instance of
Margaret Douglas Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox (8 October 1515 – 7 March 1578), born Lady Margaret Douglas, was the daughter of the Scottish queen dowager Margaret Tudor and her second husband Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and thus the granddau ...
, Countess of Lennox, and was appointed an equerry of the royal stable, or Master of the Horse, to
Mary Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was List of Scottish monarchs, Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legit ...
and
Lord Darnley Lord Darnley is a noble title associated with a Scottish Lordship of Parliament, first created in 1356 for the family of Stewart of Darnley and tracing a descent to the Dukedom of Richmond in England. The title's name refers to Darnley in Scot ...
. Mary asked her wardrobe staff to make a mattress and bedding for Standen in July 1565 at the time of her her wedding, and the accounts identify him as "Standy, escuyer de l'ecuyie du Roy". His younger brother, also called Anthony, was made a cupbearer at the queen's table. Both Standen brothers received a fee as members of the Scottish court in 1566. The Standen brothers did not have permission to travel outside of England and were regarded with disdain by English diplomats. Their father, Edmund Standen, wrote to them in January 1566, hoping their friends in Scotland might cause
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England and List of Irish monarchs, Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudo ...
to think betters of them. In October 1565 the English sailor
Anthony Jenkinson Anthony Jenkinson (1529 – 1610/1611) was born at Market Harborough, Leicestershire. He was one of the first Englishmen to explore Tsardom of Russia, Muscovy and present-day Russia. Jenkinson was a traveller and explorer on behalf of the ...
was sent in the '' Ayde'' to Scotland during the political crisis of the
Chaseabout Raid The Chaseabout Raid was a rebellion by James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, against his half sister, Mary, Queen of Scots, on 26 August 1565, over her marriage to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. The rebels also claimed to be acting over other causes i ...
. He sailed into the
Firth of Forth The Firth of Forth () is a firth in Scotland, an inlet of the North Sea that separates Fife to its north and Lothian to its south. Further inland, it becomes the estuary of the River Forth and several other rivers. Name ''Firth'' is a cognate ...
on 25 September 1565. His mission was to blockade
Leith Leith (; ) is a port area in the north of Edinburgh, Scotland, founded at the mouth of the Water of Leith and is home to the Port of Leith. The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of ...
to prevent
Lord Seton Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are e ...
landing munitions for Mary sent from France. An adverse wind brought him within range of the cannon of the fortress isle of
Inchkeith Inchmichael (Formerly Inchkeith) (from the ) is an island in the Firth of Forth, Scotland, administratively part of the Fife council area. In 2025, Newly appointed Independent Member of the Scottish Parliament in the Mid-Scotland and Fife ...
. Jenkinson had been ordered not to declare that he had been sent by the English government, and said he was looking for pirates. Mary, Queen of Scots sent aboard Anthony Standen and his brother with a present of a bow and arrows and a " box of conserve" for Queen Elizabeth, with a gold chain and gilt cup for the captain. Jenkinson considered capturing Standen, and the English diplomat Thomas Randolph wished the ship had been blown back to England with Standen.


After the murder of David Rizzio

Standen wrote that he helped the queen during the murder of
David Rizzio David Rizzio ( ; ; – 9 March 1566) or Riccio ( , ) was an Italian courtier, born in Pancalieri close to Turin, a descendant of an ancient and noble family still living in Piedmont, the Riccio Counts di San Paolo e Solbrito, who rose to bec ...
, and escaped with her to
Seton Palace Seton Palace was situated in East Lothian, a few miles south-east of Edinburgh near the town of Prestonpans. Often regarded as the most desirable Scottish residence of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the palace was erected in the 15th c ...
and
Dunbar Castle Dunbar Castle was one of the strongest fortresses in Scotland, situated in a prominent position overlooking the Dunbar Harbour, harbour of the town of Dunbar, in East Lothian. Several fortifications were built successively on the site, near th ...
. Arthur Erskine of Blackgrange and John Stewart of Traquair also escorted Mary and Darnley to safety. A French report mentions they rode behind the ''escuier''. According to a narrative of a talk between Darnley and his father, Standen smuggled his mistress into
Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle is a historic castle in Edinburgh, Scotland. It stands on Castle Rock (Edinburgh), Castle Rock, which has been occupied by humans since at least the Iron Age. There has been a royal castle on the rock since the reign of Malcol ...
during Mary's pregnancy, and it was rumoured the woman was also Darnley's mistress.


The cradle knight

Standen described the circumstances of his knighthood in his "Relation" which he sent as a petition to King James in April 1604;
"after Her Majesty was most happily delivered of the then Lord the Prince ... at which time in acknowledgement of Standen's services, it pleased the King by the Queen's appointment to honour him with the order of knighthood, as also it pleased Her Majesty, some days after the childbirth to cause the knight to be called into her bedchamber, where the infant Prince laid asleep, a cross of diamonds fixed on his breast, upon this cross Her Majesty commanded the knight to lay his hand, to whom it her pleasure herself to give the oath of fidelity."
Standen wrote that Mary, Queen of Scots, declared he was the first Englishman to do homage to the prince, saying, "For that you saved his life". An English envoy Henry Killigrew came to Edinburgh to congratulate Mary on the birth, and refused to speak to Standen. In July, William Rogers offered to capture the two Standens and another English Catholic, Christopher Rokesby.


France and Italy

Mary sent him to
Charles IX of France Charles IX (Charles Maximilien; 27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574) was List of French monarchs, King of France from 1560 until his death in 1574. He ascended the French throne upon the death of his brother Francis II of France, Francis II in 1560, an ...
, with an official payment of £100 Scots, and he received a pension of annuity from the Cardinal of Lorraine. Anthony, the younger Standen brother, was in Edinburgh in February 1567 after the
murder of Lord Darnley The murder of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, took place on 10 February 1567 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Darnley's lodgings were destroyed by gunpowder; his body and that of his servant were found nearby, appar ...
, and with the other English servants Welson and Gwyn sought a passport. He was imprisoned at Berwick for a year. In 1570 he was said to be involved with
Corbeyran de Cardaillac Sarlabous Corbeyran de Cardaillac de Sarlabous was a 16th-century French soldier who served in Scotland as Captain of Dunbar Castle, and was Governor of Le Havre for twenty years. He was usually called Captain Sarlabous in Scottish and English letters of his ...
in a plot to invade England. In 1576 he was banished from Antwerp by
Philip II of Spain Philip II (21 May 152713 September 1598), sometimes known in Spain as Philip the Prudent (), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and List of Sicilian monarchs, Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. He ...
for over familiarity with Madame de Blomberg, mother of
Don John of Austria John of Austria (, ; 24 February 1547 – 1 October 1578) was the illegitimate son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V recognized him in a codicil to his will. John became a military leader in the service of his half-brother, King Phil ...
. From 1582 Standen worked for Mary Queen of Scots in Florence, and in 1587 started working for
Francis Walsingham Sir Francis Walsingham ( – 6 April 1590) was principal secretary to Queen Elizabeth I of England from 20 December 1573 until his death and is popularly remembered as her " spymaster". Born to a well-connected family of gentry, Wa ...
. He was at the Spanish court reporting on preparations for the Armada. On 23 March 1583 he wrote to
James Beaton James Beaton (or Bethune) ( – 15 February 1539) was a Roman Catholic Scottish church leader, the uncle of David Cardinal Beaton and the Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. Life James Beaton was the sixth and youngest son of John Beaton ...
,
Archbishop of Glasgow The Archbishop of Glasgow is an archiepiscopal title that takes its name after the city of Glasgow in Scotland. The position and title were abolished by the Church of Scotland in 1689; and, in the Catholic Church, the title was restored by Pop ...
, expressing his wish to return to Scotland and serve James VI until Mary Queen of Scots was freed. He said he had told the
Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany Francesco I (25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587. He was a member of the House of Medici. Biography Born in Florence, Francesco was the son of Cosimo I de' Med ...
of the likely "association" of Mary and James, by which the captive queen would be returned to Scotland. He would like the portrait of the king for the Grand Duke. Standen wondered if the duke's daughter Eleanor de' Medici would be a suitable bride for James. On the same day he wrote to
John Lesley John Lesley (or Leslie) (29 September 1527 – 31 May 1596) was a Scottish Roman Catholic bishop and historian. His father was Gavin Lesley, rector of Kingussie, Badenoch. Early career He was educated at the University of Aberdeen, where he ...
, Bishop of Ross, also conjecturing that Eleanor de' Medici, a wise and fair lady, would be a good bride for James VI. In 1590 Standen was in prison in Bordeaux and was helped by Anthony Bacon who paid his debts, and made his return to England possible. On 25 November 1593 Mary Radcliffe spoke to him at
Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is a List of British royal residences, royal residence at Windsor, Berkshire, Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, about west of central London. It is strongly associated with the Kingdom of England, English and succee ...
and told him the queen would give him an audience if he waited at the castle. Standen reported that
Anthony Shirley Sir Anthony Shirley (1565 – 1633/1635/1638) also spelled ''Sherley'', was an English adventurer, soldier, diplomat, and political theorist who became a prominent figure in early modern European and Middle Eastern affairs. Initially rising to p ...
sailed from Plymouth on 21 May 1596 for Africa with five ships, with the financial support of the Earl of Essex, but had hoped to command a larger fleet and was cheated of his ambition and like others "notably cut-throated and consumed".
Rowland Whyte Rowland Whyte (died after 1626) was an Elizabethan official and businessman, whose letters provide important evidence about the latter stages of the life of Queen Elizabeth I and the transition to the rule of James I. The letters were first publis ...
mentioned that Standen was too old to be a "gallant suitor" to a rich widow Mrs Shelley in February 1598. Standen's suit was favoured by Lord Buckhurst, but the
Earl of Essex Earl of Essex is a title in the Peerage of England which was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England. The title has been recreated eight times from its original inception, beginning with a new first Earl upon each new cre ...
preferred another candidate, Sir Thomas Smith who he had knighted at Cadiz in 1596.


Mission to Italy and imprisonment

In 1603 Standen was asked to travel and announce the accession of
James VI and I James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and King of Ireland, Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 M ...
to the English throne in Florence and Venice. He arrived in Venice in August with the King's letter for the
Doge of Venice The Doge of Venice ( ) – in Italian, was the doge or highest role of authority within the Republic of Venice (697–1797). The word derives from the Latin , meaning 'leader', and Venetian Italian dialect for 'duke', highest official of the ...
, and was given a gold chain worth 500 ducats. Standen gave the Doge Marino Grimani a portrait of King James, and the Doge had a larger version made. Standen went to Rome to collect altar ornaments and beads intended for Anna of Denmark, a gift which was supposed to open a relationship leading to the conversion of England to the Catholic religion. Standen himself wrote to
Robert Persons Robert Persons (24 June 1546 – 15 April 1610), later known as Robert Parsons, was an English Jesuit priest. He was a major figure in establishing the 16th-century "English Mission" of the Society of Jesus. Early life Robert Person ...
that "the Queene swarned from dealing in Cath: causes, and she ys very assyduous at sermons, so that I am in a stagger what shall become of my tokens", meaning his efforts would not be successful. He hoped the queen would become Catholic, "doubtless and reconciled", perhaps by the means of Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel. Confronted by Robert Cecil with this letter, he was imprisoned in the
Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic citadel and castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamle ...
in January 1604. The Venetian ambassador
Nicolò Molin Nicolò Molin (1562-1608) was a Venetian noble and ambassador to England. The main residence of the Molin family in Venice was the Palazzo Molin del Cuoridoro. He commissioned the architect Vincenzo Scamozzi to build the Villa Molin near Padua ...
heard that an English agent had befriended Standen in Paris and taken his letters intended for Rome. Some of the beads and other items intended for Anne of Denmark were given to the Papal nuncio in Paris to be returned, according to a letter of
Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy Nicolas IV de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy (1543 – 12 November 1617) was a secretary of state under four kings of France: Charles IX, Henry III, Henry IV, and Louis XIII. The most distinguished of all sixteenth-century French secretaries, ...
. Cecil wrote to the ambassador in Paris, Thomas Parry, saying he should tell the Papal nuncio that Standen had misled him and Anne of Denmark was not a Catholic, and King James insisted:
if any false informer have presumed, out of their own vanity, to describe the Queen's minde as if she did believe in the Romish religion, he shall take his princely word that he is wronged and she abused; for although when she was in Scotland she mysliked many of those precise opinions which were mayntayned by most of those churches, yet for the matter of her fayth, she was never tyed to the Romish assertions
In February 1604, Sir William Broune heard that Standen was intended to bring Anne of Denmark a message of assurance in her religion, and that she would then try to convert King James. Villeroy and the French ambassador in London,
Christophe de Harlay, Count of Beaumont Christophe de Harlay, Count of Beaumont (1570–1615) was a French politician and diplomat who served as ambassador to England. He was the son of Achillee de Harlay, seigneur de Beaumont (1504–1572) and Catherine de Thou. He married Anne Rabot i ...
, doubted that Standen had official instructions from King James. They also conjectured that Standen had been sent to Italy to give the impression that James would be sympathetic to Catholics. King James sent Michael Balfour of Burleigh to Italy to investigate Standen's activities. Standen was released from the Tower in August 1604 after Balfour's return, according to the Venetian ambassador Nicolò Molin. He obtained a licence to travel in July 1605 from the king. In March 1606 he was in Rome and visited the Venetian ambassador Agostino Nani. He explained that he had been imprisoned in England for brininging rosaries and religious objects to Anne of Denmark, and she had interceded for his release. He mentioned that Anne of Denmark enjoyed hearing
Nicolò Molin Nicolò Molin (1562-1608) was a Venetian noble and ambassador to England. The main residence of the Molin family in Venice was the Palazzo Molin del Cuoridoro. He commissioned the architect Vincenzo Scamozzi to build the Villa Molin near Padua ...
and Zorzi Giustinian, the Venetian ambassadors in London, speaking Italian. In August 1606 Anne of Denmark sent a letter to
Christina of Lorraine Christina of Lorraine (, ) (16 August 1565 – 19 December 1637) was a noblewoman of the House of Lorraine who became a Grand Duchess of Tuscany by marriage. She served as Regent of Tuscany jointly with her daughter-in-law during the minority of ...
Duchess of Tuscany on behalf of her servant Standen who was travelling in Italy for reasons of conscience and religion.''HMC 3rd Report, Rev. Hopkinson'' (London, 1872), p. 264: Maureen Meikle
'Once a Dane, Always a Dane? Queen Anna of Denmark’s Foreign Relations and Intercessions as a Queen Consort of Scotland and England', ''The Court Historian'', 24:2 (2019), pp. 175-6
He was still in Rome in 1615.


References


External links

*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Standen, Anthony 1540s births 16th-century English knights English spies 16th-century spies Court of Mary, Queen of Scots Year of death unknown English Roman Catholics English expatriates in the Kingdom of Scotland