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''Anthidium'' is a genus of
bee Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamil ...
s often called carder or potter bees, who do not cut leaves, but use conifer resin, plant hairs, mud, or a mix of them to build nests. Like other members of the family
Megachilidae Megachilidae is a cosmopolitan family of mostly solitary bees. Characteristic traits of this family are the restriction of their pollen-carrying structure (called a '' scopa'') to the ventral surface of the abdomen (rather than mostly or exclu ...
(most of which are called "leafcutter bees"), they are solitary bees with pollen-carrying
scopa (; ) is an Italian card game, and one of the three major national card games in Italy, the others being and . It is also popular in Argentina and Brazil, brought in by Italian diaspora, Italian immigrants, mostly in the variation. is also p ...
that are only located on the ventral surface of the
abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the gut, belly, tummy, midriff, tucky, or stomach) is the front part of the torso between the thorax (chest) and pelvis in humans and in other vertebrates. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal ...
(other bee families have pollen-carrying structures on the hind legs). The ~80 species are distributed primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, and South America.


Description

Most ''Anthidium'' species have cream to yellow abdominal bands, typically interrupted in the middle. There is no lobe (
arolium The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking. Many of the terms used for arthropod leg segments (called podomeres) are of Latin origin, and may be confused with terms for bones: ''coxa'' (meaning hip, ...
) between their claws. ''
Anthidium manicatum ''Anthidium manicatum'', commonly called the European wool carder bee, is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter bees or mason bees. They get the name "carding, carder" from their behaviour of scraping hair from leaves such ...
'', commonly known as the wool carder bee, uses comblike mandibles to "comb" plant fibers into its brood cell walls. It has spread from Europe to North and South America. The males are much larger (ca. 18 mm) than the females (ca.12 mm) which is not uncommon among Megachilidae, but very rare among other bee families. ''Anthidium manicatum'' males also have three "thorns" at their abdominal apex which they use as weapons when defending their territory. ''
Anthidium florentinum ''Anthidium florentinum'', one of several European wool carder bees, is a territorial species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees. Description The species is a medium to large bee. Both sexes have a black ...
'' is one of the more common European species; this species flies all summer and makes nests in holes in the ground, walls or trees, with hairs plucked from plants. Members of ''Anthidium'' and several related genera are unusual among solitary bees, in that there are more females than males, males are territorial and bigger than females, and the sexes fly at the same times of year. It has been suggested that this pattern is explained by the prolonged sexual receptivity of the females, along with the males' use of readily defended resources in their territories.


Extant species (selected)

*'' Anthidium abjunctum'' *'' Anthidium afghanistanicum'' *'' Anthidium akermani'' *'' Anthidium albitarse'' *'' Anthidium alsinai'' *''
Anthidium alticola ''Anthidium alticola'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees. References alticola ''Alticola'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in ...
'' *''
Anthidium amabile ''Anthidium amabile'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bee Mason bee is a name now commonly used for species of bees in the genus ''Osmia'', of the family Megachilidae. Mason bees are named fo ...
'' *'' Anthidium amurense'' *'' Anthidium andinum'' *''
Anthidium anguliventre ''Anthidium anguliventre'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bee Mason bee is a name now commonly used for species of bees in the genus ''Osmia'', of the family Megachilidae. Mason bees are nam ...
'' *'' Anthidium anurospilum'' *''
Anthidium ardens ''Anthidium ardens'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bee Mason bee is a name now commonly used for species of bees in the genus ''Osmia'', of the family Megachilidae. Mason bees are named for ...
'' *'' Anthidium armatum'' *''
Anthidium atricaudum ''Anthidium atricaudum'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees. Distribution *Chile *Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in th ...
'' *''
Anthidium atripes ''Anthidium atripes'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bee Mason bee is a name now commonly used for species of bees in the genus ''Osmia'', of the family Megachilidae. Mason bees are named fo ...
'' *''
Anthidium auritum ''Anthidium auritum'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bee Mason bee is a name now commonly used for species of bees in the genus ''Osmia'', of the family Megachilidae. Mason bees are named fo ...
'' *''
Anthidium aymara ''Anthidium aymara'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees. Distribution *Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost count ...
'' *'' Anthidium aztecum'' *''
Anthidium banningense ''Anthidium banningense'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bee Mason bee is a name now commonly used for species of bees in the genus ''Osmia'', of the family Megachilidae. Mason bees are named ...
'' *'' Anthidium basale'' *''
Anthidium bechualandicum ''Anthidium bechualandicum'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bee Mason bee is a name now commonly used for species of bees in the genus ''Osmia'', of the family Megachilidae. Mason bees are n ...
'' *'' Anthidium berbericum'' *'' Anthidium bifidum'' *'' Anthidium bischoffi'' *'' Anthidium brevithorace'' *'' Anthidium callosum'' *'' Anthidium caspicum'' *'' Anthidium chilense'' *'' Anthidium christianseni'' *'' Anthidium chubuti'' *'' Anthidium cingulatum'' *'' Anthidium clypeodentatum'' *'' Anthidium cochimi'' *'' Anthidium cockerelli'' *'' Anthidium collectum'' *'' Anthidium colliguayanum'' *'' Anthidium conciliatum'' *'' Anthidium cordiforme'' *'' Anthidium cuzcoense'' *'' Anthidium dalmaticum'' *'' Anthidium dammersi'' *'' Anthidium danieli'' *'' Anthidium decaspilum'' *'' Anthidium deceptum'' *'' Anthidium diadema'' *'' Anthidium echinatum'' *'' Anthidium edwardsii'' *'' Anthidium edwini'' *'' Anthidium emarginatum'' *'' Anthidium eremicum'' *'' Anthidium espinosai'' *'' Anthidium falsificum'' *'' Anthidium flavorufum'' *'' Anthidium flavotarsum'' *''
Anthidium florentinum ''Anthidium florentinum'', one of several European wool carder bees, is a territorial species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees. Description The species is a medium to large bee. Both sexes have a black ...
'' *'' Anthidium formosum'' *'' Anthidium friesei'' *'' Anthidium fulviventre'' *'' Anthidium funereum'' *'' Anthidium furcatum'' *'' Anthidium garleppi'' *'' Anthidium gayi'' *'' Anthidium gratum'' *'' Anthidium gussakovskiji'' *'' Anthidium hallinani'' *'' Anthidium helianthinum'' *'' Anthidium himalayense'' *'' Anthidium igori'' *'' Anthidium illustre'' *'' Anthidium incertum'' *'' Anthidium isabelae'' *'' Anthidium jocosum'' *'' Anthidium kashgarense'' *'' Anthidium kashmirense'' *'' Anthidium klapperichi'' *'' Anthidium kvakicum'' *'' Anthidium laeve'' *'' Anthidium larocai'' *'' Anthidium latum'' *'' Anthidium loboguerrero'' *'' Anthidium longstaffi'' *'' Anthidium loti'' *'' Anthidium luctuosum'' *'' Anthidium luizae'' *'' Anthidium maculifrons'' *'' Anthidium maculosum'' *''
Anthidium manicatum ''Anthidium manicatum'', commonly called the European wool carder bee, is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter bees or mason bees. They get the name "carding, carder" from their behaviour of scraping hair from leaves such ...
'' *'' Anthidium masunariae'' *'' Anthidium montanum'' *'' Anthidium montivagum'' *'' Anthidium mormonum'' *'' Anthidium nigerrimum'' *'' Anthidium nigroventrale'' *'' Anthidium niveocinctum'' *'' Anthidium nursei'' *'' Anthidium oblongatum'' *'' Anthidium opacum'' *'' Anthidium ordinatum'' *'' Anthidium paitense'' *'' Anthidium pallidiclypeum'' *'' Anthidium palliventre'' *'' Anthidium palmarum'' *'' Anthidium paroselae'' *'' Anthidium penai'' *'' Anthidium peruvianum'' *'' Anthidium philorum'' *'' Anthidium placitum'' *'' Anthidium politum'' *'' Anthidium pontis'' *'' Anthidium porterae'' *'' Anthidium psoraleae'' *'' Anthidium pulchellum'' *'' Anthidium pullatum'' *'' Anthidium punctatum'' *'' Anthidium quetzalcoatli'' *'' Anthidium rafaeli'' *'' Anthidium rodecki'' *'' Anthidium rodriguezi'' *'' Anthidium rotundoscutellare'' *'' Anthidium rotundum'' *'' Anthidium rozeni'' *'' Anthidium rubricans'' *'' Anthidium rubripes'' *'' Anthidium rubrozonatum'' *'' Anthidium rufitarse'' *'' Anthidium sanguinicaudum'' *'' Anthidium semicirculare'' *'' Anthidium senile'' *'' Anthidium septemspinosum'' *'' Anthidium sertanicola'' *'' Anthidium severini'' *'' Anthidium sichuanense'' *'' Anthidium sikkimense'' *'' Anthidium sinuatellum'' *'' Anthidium soikai'' *'' Anthidium soni'' *'' Anthidium sonorense'' *'' Anthidium spiniventre'' *'' Anthidium striatum'' *'' Anthidium sublustre'' *'' Anthidium sudanicum'' *'' Anthidium syriacum'' *'' Anthidium taeniatum'' *'' Anthidium tarsoi'' *'' Anthidium taschenbergi'' *''
Anthidium tenuiflorae ''Anthidium tenuiflorae'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bee Mason bee is a name now commonly used for species of bees in the genus ''Osmia'', of the family Megachilidae. Mason bees are name ...
'' *'' Anthidium tergomarginatum'' *'' Anthidium ternarium'' *'' Anthidium tesselatum'' *'' Anthidium thomsoni'' *'' Anthidium toro'' *'' Anthidium undulatiforme'' *'' Anthidium undulatum'' *'' Anthidium unicum'' *'' Anthidium utahense'' *'' Anthidium venustum'' *''
Anthidium vigintiduopunctatum ''Anthidium vigintiduopunctatum'' is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees. Distribution *Argentina *Ecuador *Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America ...
'' *'' Anthidium vigintipunctatum'' *'' Anthidium weyrauchi'' *'' Anthidium wuestneii'' *'' Anthidium zadaense''


Fossil species

Four species have been described from the fossil record. The oldest species date from the
Priabonian The Priabonian is, in the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between . The Priabonian is preceded by the Bartonian and is followed by the Rupelian, the lowest stage ...
to
Rupelian The Rupelian is, in the geologic timescale, the older of two age (geology), ages or the lower of two stage (stratigraphy), stages of the Oligocene epoch (geology), Epoch/series (stratigraphy), Series. It spans the time between . It is preceded b ...
deposits of the Florissant Formation, Colorado.Anthidium Fabricius – Discover Life
/ref> *
A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ...
'' Anthidium basalticum'' Zhang, 1989 *†'' Anthidium exhumatum'' Cockerell, 1906 *†'' Anthidium mortuum'' (Meunier, 1920) *†'' Anthidium scudderi'' Cockerell, 1906


Notes


References

* Chinery, Michael - ''Insects of Britain and Western Europe''. Domino Guides, A & C Black, London, 1986


External links


Anthidium Identification Guide

List of Species

Worldwide Species Map
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1460174 Bee genera