, office = Iranian ambassador to Switzerland , term_start = 1929 , term_end = 1931 , predecessor = Abolhassan Foroughi , successor = Mostafaqili Kamal Hedayat , office2 = Iranian ambassador to Italy , term_start2 = January 1934 , term_end2 = June 1936 , predecessor2 = Mohammad Ebrahim Ghaffari , successor2 =

Mahmoud Djam Mahmoud Modir al-Molk Djam ( fa, محمود جم; 1880 – 10 August 1969) was a prime minister of Iran from 1935 to 1939. Early life Djam was born in Tabriz in around 1880. Career Djam learned French from a Frenchman in Tabriz and began to wor ...

, office4 = Iranian ambassador to Russia , term_start4 = June 1936 , term_end4 = April 1938 , predecessor4 = Hassan Arfa , successor4 = Mohammad Sa'ed Maraghei , office5 = Iranian ambassador to France , term_start5 = julie 1938 , term_end5 = June 1939 , predecessor5 =

Abolqasem Najm Abolghassem Nadjm (Najm ol-Molk) ( fa, ابولقاسم نجم), ''Abolqāsem Najm''/''Abolqassem Najm'' (11 May 1892 – October 19, 1983) was an Iranian politician, cabinet minister, and diplomat. Early life and education His father was Mir ...

, successor5 =

Abdol Hossein Sardari Abdol Hossein Sardari ( fa, عبدالحسین سرداری; 1914–1981) was an Iranian diplomat. He is credited with saving thousands of Jews in Europe, He has since been known as “The Iranian Schindler” or "The Schindler of Iran". Earl ...

, office6 = Iranian ambassador to Spain , term_start6 = June 1939 , term_end6 = June 1939 to 1940 , predecessor6 =1919:

Hossein Ala' Hosein Alā ( fa, حسین علاء; 13 December 1881 – 12 July 1964) was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister in 1951 and from 1955 to 1957. Background He was born in 1882 in Tehran and spent his early years in London. He was ed ...

, successor6 =1957: Yadollah Azadi , office7 = Iranian ambassador to Turkey , term_start7 = 1941 , term_end7 = 1944 , predecessor7 =

Bagher Kazemi Sayyed Bagher Khan Muhazab Al Dawleh Kazemi also known as Bagher Kazemi ( fa, باقر کاظمی; 10 February 1892–10 November 1977), was an Iranian politician, diplomat and minister. He served as Iran's ambassador to several countries, includin ...

, successor7 =

Ali Gholi Ardalan Aligholi Ardalan ( fa, علیقلی اردلان; also Romanized as Aliqoli Ardalān; 25 January 1900– 2 August 1986) was one of the leading Iranian diplomats of his generation. He served as the minister of industry, the cabinet minister for for ...

, office8 = Iranian foreign minister , term_start8 = 6 June 1945 , term_end8 = 30 October 1945 , predecessor8 =

Nasrollah Entezam Nasrollah Entezam (also spelled Naṣr-Allāh Enteẓām; fa, نصرالله انتظام; 16 February 1900 – 19 December 1980) was a diplomat, politician, and minister, as well as Iranian Ambassador to the United States and France. He wa ...

, successor8 =

, primeminister8 =

Mohsen Sadr Mohsen Sadr ( fa, محسن صدر; also known by his title: Sadr ol-Ashraf I (1871 – 19 October 1962) was a Prime Minister of Iran. He was born in Mahallat in Markazi in 1871 as the son of Seyyed Hossein 'Fakhr ol-Zakerin', a wealthy cler ...

, office9 = Iranian foreign minister , term_start9 = 30 October 1945 , term_end9 = 28 January 1946 , predecessor9 =

, successor9 =

, primeminister9 =

Ebrahim Hakimi Ebrahim Hakimi ( fa, ابراهیم حکیمی; 1869 – 19 October 1959) was an Iranian statesman who served as Prime Minister of Iran on three occasions. Early life and education Born in Tabriz in 1869, Ḥakimi was part of "an old and promine ...

, office10 = Iranian ambassador to Egypt , term_start10 = 1954 , term_end10 = 1959 , predecessor10 = Massoud Moazed , successor10 = Jamshid Gharib , office11 = Iranian ambassador to the Holy See , term_start11 = 1962 , term_end11 = 1966 , predecessor11 = Mohamed Saed , successor11 = Hossein Ghods Nakhai , birth_date = , birth_place = , death_date = , death_place = , nationality =

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

, party = , alma_mater = Mashir al-Dawlah , spouse = , partner = , relations = , children = , parents = , mother = , father = Mohammad Esmaeil , relatives = Anoushirvan Sepahbodi ( fa, انوشیروان سپهبدی was an Iranian foreign minister and diplomat.

Career

In 1907 he joined the Foreign Service. In 1910 he became Vice Consul in

Vladikavkaz Vladikavkaz (russian: Владикавка́з, , os, Дзæуджыхъæу, translit=Dzæwdžyqæw, ;), formerly known as Ordzhonikidze () and Dzaudzhikau (), is the capital city of the North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Ru ...

. In 1926 he was chief of the protocol. He was deputy head of the Persian mission next the

Sublime Porte The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte ( ota, باب عالی, Bāb-ı Ālī or ''Babıali'', from ar, باب, bāb, gate and , , ), was a synecdoche for the central government of the Ottoman Empire. History The nam ...

in the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, until he was appointed second deputy chairman of the Consulate General in

Tbilisi Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the Capital city, capital and the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia, lying on the ...

. From 1929 to 1931 he was minister in

Bern german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese , neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen , website ...

and was

Permanent Representative A permanent representative is a diplomat who is the head of a country’s diplomatic mission to an international organisation. Organizations that receive permanent representatives from their member states include the United Nations, the World Tr ...

of the Iranian Government to the

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...

in Geneva. From July 1933, he served three months as Secretary of State at the Foreign Ministry in Tehran. From the beginning of 1934 he was ambassador to Rome and was simultaneously accredited to the governments in Vienna, Prague and Budapest. From December 19, 1933 to January 4, 1935, he negotiated a British-Persian agreement on arms trafficking in Iran and the Persian Gulf. From June 1936 to April 1938 he was minister in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

. In July 1938 Anoushirvan Sepahbodi became minister in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

. In 1939, French satirical magazines like

Le Canard enchaîné (; English: "The Chained Duck" or "The Chained Paper", as is French slang meaning "newspaper") is a satirical weekly newspaper in France. Its headquarters is in Paris. Founded in 1915 during World War I, it features investigative journalism a ...

had presented the qualities of a

Persian cat The Persian cat (), also known as the Persian longhair, is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by a round face and short muzzle. The first documented ancestors of Persian cats were imported into Italy from Persia around 1620. Widely recog ...

as that of

Reza Shah Reza Shah Pahlavi ( fa, رضا شاه پهلوی; ; originally Reza Khan (); 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian Officer (armed forces), military officer, politician (who served as Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran), ...

Pierre Dac André Isaac (15 August 1893 Châlons-sur-Marne, France – 9 February 1975 Paris, France), better known as Pierre Dac, was a French humorist. During World War II, Pierre Dac was one of the speakers of the BBC's ''Radio Londres'' service to occu ...

could not hope for more beautiful publicity, even if he never imagined the scandal that an article of could declencehr. Because the "French satirical newspapers", especially the weekly he runs, made fun of

, diplomatic relations were interrupted. A delegation under the direction of General

Maxime Weygand Maxime Weygand (; 21 January 1867 – 28 January 1965) was a French military commander in World War I and World War II. Born in Belgium, Weygand was raised in France and educated at the Saint-Cyr military academy in Paris. After graduating in 1 ...

had to apologize to

. Anoushirvan Sepahbodi was recalled from Paris and in June 1939 accredited to

Francisco Franco Francisco Franco Bahamonde (; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War ...

in Madrid. From 1941 to 1945 he was ambassador in

Ankara Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...

. From October 29, 1945 to early 1946, he served as Foreign Minister in the governments of Ebrahim Hakimi and Mohsen Sadr. In February 1946, he became Minister of Justice in the Cabinet of Ahmad Qavām. In September 1946 he was sent to the Paris Peace Conference. In August 1947 he was appointed Advisor to the Government Cabinet. From May 1948 he also advised the Cabinet of Ahmad Qavām. In 1949 he replaced Hakim al-Malik from as royal master of ceremonies, who had been appointed Minister of the Interior. In 1950, as part of the reforms that led to the introduction of the Senate, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi appointed him to his ministre plénipotentiaire in Tehran, a position he held until October 1953. From 1954 to 1959 he was ambassador to

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...

. From 1962 to 1966 he was ambassador to the

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome ...

. In 1966 he was retired after 60 years of service.Malcolm Yapp, Paul Preston, Michael Patridge, British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the foreign office confidential print. From 1940 through 1945. Near and the Middle-East. Percia and Afghanistan, January 1940–December 1941, 1997
S. 68
https://books.google.com/books?id=YWMOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Minister,+Paris,+July+1938,+and+also+accredited+to+Spain+in+June+1939%22 S. 68]

References

Ministers of Justice of Iran Ambassadors of Iran to Switzerland Ambassadors of Iran to Italy Ambassadors of Iran to Russia Ambassadors of Iran to France Ambassadors of Iran to Spain Ambassadors of Iran to Turkey Ambassadors of Iran to Egypt Ambassadors of Iran to the Holy See Foreign ministers of Iran 1888 births 1982 deaths {{Iran-diplomat-stub