''Anoplophora'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

beetle Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 40 ...

s in the

longhorn beetle The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are characterized by Antenn ...

family (Cerambycidae). They are native to

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

.McDougall, D. N
''Anoplophora chinensis''.
USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry. North American Forest Commission Exotic Forest Pest Information System (NAFC-ExFor). 2001. Most are large and colorful and thus are depicted in artwork and sought after by beetle collectors.Hoebeke, E. R. and G. Page. (2002)
Longhorned beetles of the genus ''Anoplophora'' and lithography: Alien invaders in the eye of the beholder!
''American Entomologist'' 48(4) 200-06. The genus also includes several notorious

pest insects Economic entomology is a field of entomology, which involves the study of insects that benefit or harm humans, domestic animals, and crops. Insects that pose disadvantages are considered pests. Some species can cause indirect damage by spreading di ...

Description

Beetles of ''Anoplophora'' are 1 to 5 centimeters in length. They are spotted or banded with a range of color patterns in shades of yellow, blue, purple, and white. They have very long antennae. One characteristic that is particularly useful for distinguishing the species from one another is the structure of the male

genitalia A sex organ, also known as a reproductive organ, is a part of an organism that is involved in sexual reproduction. Sex organs constitute the primary sex characteristics of an organism. Sex organs are responsible for producing and transporting ...

.Wu, W. and S. Jiang. (1989)
A taxonomic study of the male genitalia of the genus ''Anoplophora'' Hope (Col. Cerambycidae).
''Acta Entomologica Sinica'' 2, 012.

Impacts

Several ''Anoplophora'' species are major pests of

urban Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to: * Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas * Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities Urban may also refer to: General * Urban (name), a list of people ...

ornamental Ornamental may refer to: *Ornamental grass, a type of grass grown as a decoration *Ornamental iron, mild steel that has been formed into decorative shapes, similar to wrought iron work *Ornamental plant, a plant that is grown for its ornamental qua ...

, and

agricultural Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created f ...

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...

s. The

Asian long-horned beetle The Asian long-horned beetle (''Anoplophora glabripennis''), also known as the starry sky, sky beetle, or ALB, is native to the Korean Peninsula, northern and southern China, and disputably in northern Japan. This species has now been accidentall ...

(''A. glabripennis'') is native to

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

and

Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...

, and it is now widespread in Europe as an

introduced species An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived ther ...

. Populations of this beetle have been detected in some locations in North America, including

Toronto Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...

Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

, New Jersey, Ohio, Massachusetts, and

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

, and have either been declared eradicated, or are currently being dealt with under an eradication program. Many tree species can serve as hosts to the beetle, but it especially favors

maple ''Acer'' is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the soapberry family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated si ...

s.Smith, M. T., et al. (2009)
Asian longhorned beetle ''Anoplophora glabripennis'' (Motschulsky): Lessons learned and opportunities to improve the process of eradication and management.
''American Entomologist'' 55(1) 21-26. The citrus long-horned beetle (''A. chinensis''; syn. ''A. malasiaca'') has been introduced from Asia to Europe and North America. It is a pest of

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. ''Citrus'' is nativ ...

and other fruit and nut trees. It infests forest trees and ornamentals. It attacks over 100 species of trees, shrubs, and herbs from many plant families. Damage from its wood-boring larvae can kill trees.

Diversity

In a 2002 revision of the genus, 36 species were recognized. At least nine more species have been described since then, and additional revisionary work has subsumed several other genera into ''Anoplophora'', so it includes over 50 species at present.

Species

*'' Anoplophora albopicta'' (Matsushita, 1933) *'' Anoplophora amoena'' (Jordan, 1895) *'' Anoplophora ankangensis'' (Chiang, 1981) *'' Anoplophora asuanga'' Schultze, 1923 *'' Anoplophora beryllina'' (Hope, 1840) *'' Anoplophora birmanica'' Huedepohl, 1990 *'' Anoplophora bowringii'' (White, 1858) *'' Anoplophora cheni'' Bi & Ohbayashi, 2015 *'' Anoplophora chiangi'' Hua & Zhang, 1991 *'' Anoplophora chinensis'' (Forster, 1771) *'' Anoplophora coeruleoantennata'' (Breuning, 1946) *'' Anoplophora davidis'' (Fairmaire, 1886) *'' Anoplophora decemmaculata'' Pu, 1999 *'' Anoplophora elegans'' (Gahan, 1888) *'' Anoplophora fanjingensis'' Yang, Yang & Tian, 2020 *'' Anoplophora flavomaculata'' (Gressitt, 1935) *'' Anoplophora freyi'' (Breuning, 1946) *'' Anoplophora fruhstorferi'' (Aurivillius, 1902) *''

Anoplophora glabripennis The Asian long-horned beetle (''Anoplophora glabripennis''), also known as the starry sky, sky beetle, or ALB, is native to the Korean Peninsula, northern and southern China, and disputably in northern Japan. This species has now been accidentall ...

'' (Motschulsky, 1854) *'' Anoplophora graafi'' (Ritsema, 1880) *'' Anoplophora granata'' Holzschuh, 1993 *'' Anoplophora gressitti'' Ohbayashi & Bi, 2014 *'' Anoplophora horsfieldii'' (Hope, 1842) *'' Anoplophora huangjianbini'' Wang & He, 2021 *'' Anoplophora imitator'' (White, 1858) *'' Anoplophora irregularis'' (Aurivillius, 1924) *'' Anoplophora jianfenglingensis'' Hua, 1989 *'' Anoplophora leechi'' (Gahan, 1888) *'' Anoplophora longehirsuta'' Breuning, 1968 *'' Anoplophora lucipor'' Newman, 1842 *'' Anoplophora lurida'' (Pascoe, 1857) *'' Anoplophora macularia'' (Thomson, 1865) *'' Anoplophora mamaua'' Schultze, 1923 *'' Anoplophora medenbachii'' (Ritsema, 1881) *'' Anoplophora multimaculata'' (Xie & Wang, 2015) *'' Anoplophora ogasawaraensis'' Makihara, 1976 *'' Anoplophora oshimana'' (Fairmaire, 1895) *'' Anoplophora puxian'' Wang & He, 2021 *'' Anoplophora quadrifasciata'' (Breuning, 1961) *'' Anoplophora rubidacorpora'' Xie, Shi & Wang, 2015 *'' Anoplophora ryukyuensis'' Breuning & Ohbayashi, 1964 *'' Anoplophora sebastieni'' Duranton, 2004 *'' Anoplophora siderea'' Bi, Chen & Ohbayashi, 2020 *'' Anoplophora similis'' (Gahan, 1900) *'' Anoplophora sollii'' (Hope, 1840) *'' Anoplophora stanleyana'' Hope, 1840 *'' Anoplophora tianaca'' Schultze, 1923 *'' Anoplophora tonkinea'' (Pic, 1907) *'' Anoplophora viriantennata'' Wang & Chiang, 1998 *'' Anoplophora wusheana'' Chang, 1960 *'' Anoplophora zonator'' (Thomson, 1878)

Description

Impacts

Diversity

Species

References

Further reading