''Annulohypoxylon'', sometimes called cramp balls,
is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
fungi
A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified ...
in the family
Xylariaceae
The Xylariaceae are a family of mostly small ascomycetous fungi. It is one of the most commonly encountered groups of ascomycetes and is found throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. They are typically found on wood, seeds ...
.
The 27 species in the genus have a collectively widespread distribution.
The genus ''Annulohypoxylon'' was created in 2005 and contains species formerly placed in the closely related genus ''
Hypoxylon
''Hypoxylon'' is a genus of ascomycetes commonly found on dead wood, and usually one of the earliest species to colonise dead wood. A common European species is ''Hypoxylon fragiforme'' which is particular common on dead trunks of beech.
Based o ...
'' (it is equivalent to ''Hypoxylon''
section
Section, Sectioning or Sectioned may refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
* Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea
* Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents
** Section sign ...
''Annulata''
sensu
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...
).
Fossils of ''Annulohypoxylon'' have been found in 12 million year old rocks from central England.
Use in the cultivation of ''Tremella fuciformis''
Species in the genus ''Annulohypoxylon'', especially ''
Annulohypoxylon archeri
''Annulohypoxylon archeri'' (formerly ''Hypoxylon archeri'') is a saprophytic fungus species. It was moved from the genus '' Hypoxylon'' into the genus ''Annulohypoxylon'' erected in 2005 by Hsieh, Ju and Rogers.
''A. archeri'' is commonly used ...
'', are commonly used in the cultivation of ''
Tremella fuciformis
''Tremella fuciformis'' is a species of fungus; it produces white, frond-like, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruiting bodies). It is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can be found on the dead branches of broadleaf trees. This fungus is c ...
'', one of the foremost
medicinal
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practic ...
and
culinary fungi of
China and
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northe ...
.
''Tremella fuciformis'' is a
parasitic
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson ha ...
yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are estimated to consti ...
that does not form an edible fruit body without parasitizing another fungus. The species ''Annulohypoxylon archeri'' is its preferred
host
A host is a person responsible for guests at an event or for providing hospitality during it.
Host may also refer to:
Places
*Host, Pennsylvania, a village in Berks County
People
* Jim Host (born 1937), American businessman
* Michel Host ...
, so cultivators usually pair cultures of ''Tremella fuciformis'' with this species, or others in the former genus ''Hypoxylon''
(now split into two genera – ''Hypoxylon'' and ''Annulohypoxylon'').
Species
*''
A. annulatum''
*''
A. apiahynu''
*''
A. archeri''
*''
A. atroroseum''
*''
A. austrobahiense''
*''
A. bahnphadengense''
*''
A. bovei''
*''
A. cohaerens''
*''
A. discophorum''
*''
A. elevatidiscum''
*''
A. gombakense''
*''
A. hemicarpum''
*''
A. hians''
*''
A. ilanense''
*''
A. leptascum''
*''
A. leucadendri''
*''
A. macrodiscum''
*''
A. maeteangense''
*''
A. michelianum''
*''
A. microcarpum''
*''
A. minutellum''
*''
A. moriforme''
*''
A. multiforme''
*''
A. nitens''
*''
A. nothofagi''
*''
A. orientale''
*''
A. pouceanum''
*''
A. pseudostipitatum''
*''
A. purpureonitens''
*''
A. purpureopigmentum''
*''
A. pyriforme''
*''
A. squamulosum''
*''
A. stygium''
*''
A. subeffusum''
*''
A. thouarsianum''
*''
A. truncatum''
*''
A. urceolatum''
Gallery
File:Carbon_Ball_Fungus.jpg, ''Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum
''Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum'' is a species of ascomycete fungus.
Description
The species grows on the bark of decaying hardwood trees. Its fruiting body is sessile, and ranges from wide. The surface of the fruiting body is dark brown or ...
''
File:Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum 34469.jpg, ''Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum
''Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum'' is a species of ascomycete fungus.
Description
The species grows on the bark of decaying hardwood trees. Its fruiting body is sessile, and ranges from wide. The surface of the fruiting body is dark brown or ...
''
File:Annulohypoxylon.cohaerens.-.lindsey.jpg, ''Annulohypoxylon cohaerens
''Annulohypoxylon'', sometimes called cramp balls, is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. The 27 species in the genus have a collectively widespread distribution.
The genus ''Annulohypoxylon'' was created in 2005 and contains species for ...
''
File:Annulohypoxylon.cohaerens2.-.lindsey.jpg, ''Annulohypoxylon cohaerens
''Annulohypoxylon'', sometimes called cramp balls, is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. The 27 species in the genus have a collectively widespread distribution.
The genus ''Annulohypoxylon'' was created in 2005 and contains species for ...
''
File:Annulohypoxylon.cohaerens3.-.lindsey.jpg, ''Annulohypoxylon cohaerens
''Annulohypoxylon'', sometimes called cramp balls, is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. The 27 species in the genus have a collectively widespread distribution.
The genus ''Annulohypoxylon'' was created in 2005 and contains species for ...
''
File:Annulohypoxylon.multiforme.-.lindsey.jpg, '' Annulohypoxylon multiforme''
File:Annulohypoxylon.multiforme2.-.lindsey.jpg, '' Annulohypoxylon multiforme''
File:Hypoxylon-multiforme.jpg, '' Annulohypoxylon multiforme''
File:Coloured Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms - t. 355.png, '' Annulohypoxylon multiforme'' by James Sowerby
James Sowerby (21 March 1757 – 25 October 1822) was an English naturalist, illustrator and mineralogist. Contributions to published works, such as '' A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland'' or '' English Botany'', include his detailed and a ...
(1803)
References
External links
Ascomycota genera
Xylariales
Taxa described in 2005
{{Xylariales-stub