Anne Catherine Hoof Green
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Anne Catherine Hoof Green (c.1720 – March 23, 1775) was a printer and publisher in
Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...
.


Early life

Anne Hoof was most likely born in the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
around 1720. She emigrated to
Philadelphia Philadelphia ( ), colloquially referred to as Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania, most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population, sixth-most populous city in the Unit ...
with her parents sometime between 1720 and 1738. She married Jonas Green (c.1720-1767) at Christ's Church in Philadelphia on April 25, 1738, and had fourteen children, with six surviving infancy.


''The Maryland Gazette''

In 1738, Anne and Jonas moved to
Annapolis Annapolis ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland. It is the county seat of Anne Arundel County and its only incorporated city. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east o ...
where they later revived the dormant ''
Maryland Gazette ''The Gazette'', founded in 1727 as ''The Maryland Gazette'', is one of the oldest newspapers in America. Its modern-day descendant, ''The Capital,'' was acquired by The Baltimore Sun Media Group in 2014. Previously, it was owned by the Capita ...
'' in 1745. ''The Maryland Gazette'' was one of the first newspapers published in America and was the main source for news for Maryland colonists. In Annapolis, the Greens rented a small two-story house with a kitchen and two bedrooms, located at 124 Charles Street. During the early 1740s the owner of the house expanded it to contain a print shop, post office, and room for their 14 children. The Green family purchased the house in 1770. After the death of her husband on April 11, 1767, Anne Green took over production of the newspaper, becoming one of the first women publishers in the American colonies (preceded by
Ann Smith Franklin Ann Smith Franklin (October 2, 1696 – April 16, 1763) was an Thirteen Colonies, American colonial newspaper printer and publisher. She inherited the business from her husband, James Franklin (printer), James Franklin, brother of Benjamin Frankl ...
of
Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...
). In the April 16, 1767, edition, Anne Green announced that she would continue to publish the paper with her son. She became the printer of the General Assembly after taking over her husband's contract. The ''Maryland Gazette'' continued to be critical of British colonial policies. Green's portrait was painted by
Charles Willson Peale Charles Willson Peale (April 15, 1741 – February 22, 1827) was an American painter, military officer, scientist, and naturalist. In 1775, inspired by the American Revolution, Peale moved from his native Maryland to Philadelphia, where he set ...
in 1769. The words "Annapolis printer to..." appear on the paper she is holding in the portrait, referring to the Maryland legislature's choice of Anne to succeed her husband as the official printer of the Maryland colony. Under her guidance business thrived and Anne Green became one of the few women of her time to gain success in the male-dominated business world.


See also

*
List of women printers and publishers before 1800 This list of women printers and publishers before 1800 includes women active as printers or publishers prior to the 19th century. Before the printing press was invented, books were made from pages written by scribes, and it could take up to a ye ...


References


Further reading

* Leona M. Hudak, ''Early American Women Printers and Publishers: 1639-1820'' (1978) * David C. Skaggs, "Editorial Policies of the ''Maryland Gazette,'' 1765-1783," ''Maryland Historical Magazine'' (1964) 59#4 pp 341–34
online


External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Green, Anne Catherine Hoof 1720s births 1775 deaths 18th-century American newspaper publishers (people) American printers Dutch emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies Women printers People from colonial Pennsylvania People from colonial Maryland 18th-century American businesswomen 18th-century American journalists 18th-century American women journalists Journalists from Pennsylvania Journalists from Maryland